1、考研英语（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编 3及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_The homeless make up a growing percentage of America“ s population.【C1】_, ho
2、melessness has reached such proportions that local governments can“t possibly【C2】_. To help homeless people【C3】_independence, the federal government must support job training programs,【C4】_the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing. 【C5】_everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are homel
3、ess. Estimates【C6】_ anywhere from 600, 000 to 3 million.【C7】_the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is【C8】_. One of the federal government“s studies【C9】_that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade. Finding
4、ways to【C10】_this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. 【C11】_when homeless individuals manage to find a【C12】_that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day【C13】_the street. Part of the problem is that many
5、 homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others,【C14】_not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday【C15】_kills needed to turn their lives【C16】_. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation
6、will improve only when there are【C17】_programs that address the many needs of the homeless.【C18】_Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts,【C19】_it, “There has to be【C20】_of programs. What“s needed is a package deal.“（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.IndeedB.Lik
7、ewiseC.ThereforeD.Furthermore(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.standB.copeC.approveD.retain(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.inB.forC.withD.toward(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.raiseB.addC.takeD.keep(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.GenerallyB.AlmostC.HardlyD.Not(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.coverB.changeC.rangeD.differ(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.Now thatB.AlthoughC.Provided
8、D.Except that(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.inflatingB.expandingC.increasingD.extending(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.predictsB.displaysC.provesD.discovers(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.assistB.trackC.sustainD.dismiss(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.HenceB.ButC.EvenD.Only(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.lodgingB.shelterC.dwellingD.house(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A
9、.searchingB.strollingC.crowdingD.wandering(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.whenB.onceC.whileD.whereas(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.lifeB.existenceC.survivalD.maintenance(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.aroundB.overC.onD.up(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.complexB.comprehensiveC.complementaryD.compensating(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.SoB.SinceC.AsD.Thu
10、s(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.putsB.interpretsC.assumesD.makes(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.supervisionB.manipulationC.regulationD.coordinationMany theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influenc
11、e. Theories【C1】_on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior【C2】_they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through【C3】_with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in【C4】_
12、to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status,【C5】_as a rejection of middle-class values. Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families,【C6】_the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes【C7】_lack of
13、 adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are【C8】_to criticism. Changes in the social structure may indirectly【C9】_juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that【C10】_to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment【C11】_make gainful employment
14、increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in【C12】_lead more youths into criminal behavior. Families have also【C13】_changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents;【C14】_, children are likely to have less supervision at home【C15】_was com
15、mon in the traditional family【C16】_. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other【C17】_causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased【C18】_of drugs and alcohol, and the growing【C19】_of child abuse and child neglect.
16、All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act,【C20】_a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.actingB.relyingC.centeringD.commenting(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.beforeB.unlessC.untilD.because(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.interactio
17、nsB.assimilationC.cooperationD.consultation(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.returnB.replyC.referenceD.response(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.orB.but ratherC.butD.or else(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.consideringB.ignoringC.highlightingD.discarding(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.onB.inC.forD.with(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.immuneB.resistantC.sensitiveD.subjec
18、t(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.affectB.reduceC.checkD.reflect(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.pointB.leadC.comeD.amount(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.in generalB.on averageC.by contrastD.at length(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.caseB.shortC.turnD.essence(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.survivedB.noticedC.undertakenD.experienced(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.contra
19、rilyB.consequentlyC.similarlyD.simultaneously(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.thanB.thatC.whichD.as(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.systemB.structureC.conceptD.heritage(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.assessableB.identifiableC.negligibleD.incredible(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.expenseB.restrictionC.allocationD.availability(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A
20、.incidenceB.awarenessC.exposureD.popularity(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.providedB.sinceC.althoughD.supposing考研英语（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编 3答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A
21、, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：The homeless make up a growing percentage of America“ s population.【C1】_, homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments can“t possibly【C2】_. To help homeless people【C3】_independence, the federal government must support job training programs,【C4】_the minim
22、um wage, and fund more low-cost housing. 【C5】_everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are homeless. Estimates【C6】_ anywhere from 600, 000 to 3 million.【C7】_the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is【C8】_. One of the federal government“s studie
23、s【C9】_that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade. Finding ways to【C10】_this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. 【C11】_when homeless individuals manage to find a【C12】_that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at n
24、ight, a good number still spend the bulk of each day【C13】_the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others,【C14】_not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday【C1
25、5】_kills needed to turn their lives【C16】_. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are【C17】_programs that address the many needs of the homeless.【C18】_Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts,【C19】_it, “There
26、 has to be【C20】_of programs. What“s needed is a package deal.“（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.Indeed B.LikewiseC.ThereforeD.Furthermore解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。所填之词说明本句与第一句的关系。前句说无家可归者的比例越来越大，接下来说这种比例到了地方政府无法应对的地步，显然是对第一句话的强调说明，AIndeed 可表此意，符合题意。Likewise“同理，同样”，Therefore“因此”，不合题意。Furthermore“再，更”，虽然也有递进的意思，但是原文需要的
27、是一个表示后面是前面的进一步解释的连词，而 Furthermore后面大多跟另一件事，缺乏与前句的紧密递进关系，因此不能入选。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.standB.cope C.approveD.retain解析：解析：考查动词辨析。无家可归问题已经让地方政府无法应付了，因此选择 Bcope“应付，应对”。stand“容忍”，而原文不是不能忍受，身为政府要考虑能不能应对一个问题，而不是能不能忍受一个问题。因此被排除。approve“同意”，retain“保留”，均不符合题意。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.inB.forC.withD.toward 解析：解析：考查介词辨析
28、。考虑这句话的意思，应该是帮助无家可归者获得独立。可见，只有Dtoward“向转变”符合题意，此处 help与 toward构成临时搭配，表示一种动向。本题的干扰项是with。因为考生在中学就学过 help sbwith这样的句型，但该句型表示的是“帮助某人做学什么”的意思，如 help me with my English“帮助我学习英语”，故不能入选。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.raise B.addC.takeD.keep解析：解析：考查动词辨析。由前后文可看出，联邦政府只有增加最低收入，才能改善无家可归者的问题。Araise“提高”，这里表示“提高最低工资待遇”，符合题意。a
29、dd“增加”，take“拿走”，keep“保持”，均不符合题意。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.GenerallyB.AlmostC.HardlyD.Not 解析：解析：考查副词辨析。根据上下文分析，本句应该说的是否定意义“并非每个人都同意”，Not everyone agrees为部分否定，表示“并不是每个人都同意”，故正确答案为 DNot“不是”。Generally“一般地”和 Almost“差不多”表肯定含义，故排除。Hardly“几乎不”虽然表示否定，但用在这里意思就不同了，变成了几乎所有人都同意，与原文有出人，所以也被排除。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.coverB.c
30、hangeC.range D.differ解析：解析：考查固定短语。本句意思为“估计数字的范围大约在 60万到 300万之间”，使用 range fromto的句型。range 的完整句型为 range infromto。故选择 Crange“(在内)变动”。cover“覆盖”，不表示范围；change“改变”；differ 一般是 differ from用法，但是后不接 to，均不符合题意。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.Now thatB.Although C.ProvidedD.Except that解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。根据后文，本句表达的是让步意义，即“尽管估计的数字可能各
31、有不同，但是分析家们关于另一个问题却达成了共识”，因此选择 BAlthough“尽管”。Now that“既然”；Provided“只要”；Except that“除了”，均被排除。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.inflatingB.expandingC.increasing D.extending解析：解析：考查动词辨析。四个选项都有“增加，扩张”的含义，但由于本句主语为 the number，因此只能与 Cincreasing“增加”构成搭配。inflate“膨胀”，多指通货膨胀，一般不形容number；expand“在面积上扩张”；extend“在长度上延伸”，均不符合题意。(9
32、).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.predicts B.displaysC.provesD.discovers解析：解析：考查动词辨析。从后文使用的是将来时看，此处应该选择 Apredicts“预测”。displays“展示”；proves“证明”；discovers“发现”，均不符合题意。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.assist B.trackC.sustainD.dismiss解析：解析：考查动词辨析。首句为该段的主题句。从后面的内容来看，“不仅要给无家可归者吃住，还要解决他们其他一系列的问题，”由此，反推前面的主题句讲的是帮助无家可归者，此外，从与名词population的
33、搭配来看，也只有 Aassist“帮助”最合题意。track“跟踪”；sustain“维持，使继续活下去”；dismiss“解散，让离开”，均不符合题意。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.HenceB.ButC.Even D.Only解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。根据题意，本句是让步的意思，“即使当他们有吃有住，他们仍然会”，从前后文可看出，即使能做到前面的，也会发生后面的事情。所以选择 CEven“即使”。Hence“因此”，But“但是”，Only“只有”，均被排除。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.lodgingB.shelter C.dwellingD.house解析：解析
34、：考查名词辨析。本题四个选项都有“住房”“住处”的意思，但 Bshelter“为无家可归的人提供暂时栖息场所的机构”，正合题意。lodging“寄宿处”，dwelling“寓所，住处”，house“房子”，均不符合题意。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.searchingB.strollingC.crowdingD.wandering 解析：解析：考查动词辨析。strolling“闲逛，悠闲地散步”，显然不适合无家可归者；而Dwandering“徘徊，乱逛”，符合题意。searching“寻找”，crowding“拥挤”，均不符合题意。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.when
35、B.onceC.while D.whereas解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。本句表达让步，“虽然许多无家可归者，但是”。while 可以用来表达although的意思，故选择 Cwhile。D 项 whereas有“虽然”的意思，但是由于此处没有引导从句，故不能使用。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.lifeB.existenceC.survival D.maintenance解析：解析：考查名词辨析。本题主要是区分 life skills和 survival skills，前者表示“生活能力”，后者表示“生存技能”，由于该文章讨论的是无家可归者的生存问题，故应选择 Csurvival“生
36、存”。其他的选项如 existence“存在”，maintenance“坚持”，虽然也有生活的含义，但是没有生存这个意思，因此不能入选。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.around B.overC.onD.up解析：解析：考查动词短语辨析。本句意思应该为“他们缺乏生存技能来改变自己的生活”。turn around本身的意思表示“转身”，但是它有一个引申的意思，就是“把不好的情况转变成好的情况”，符合句意。turn on“打开”；turn up“出现”；turn over“翻转”，均不符合题意。故选 Aaroun(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.complexB.compreh
37、ensive C.complementaryD.compensating解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。本句题意为“全面的规划”，所以选择 Bcomprehensive“全面的”。complex“复杂的”；complementary“补充的”；compensating“补偿的”，均不符合题意。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.SoB.SinceC.As D.Thus解析：解析：考查固定句型。as someone puts it 意思为“正如说的那样”。故选择 CAs“正如”。So “因此”：Since“自从”；Thus“因此，这样”，均不符合题意。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.
38、puts B.interpretsC.assumesD.makes解析：解析：考查动词辨析。put 有“指出”、“说明”之意，如：to put it simply(简而言之)；put simply(=stated briefly)(简言之)，这里分词短语作句首状语。it 指代的是后面的句子，而后面的观点是一个全新的观点，因此应该是提出该观点，故选 Aputs。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.supervisionB.manipulationC.regulationD.coordination 解析：解析：考查名词辨析。题目所在句子，意思是“需要各项计划之间不得不_”，既然主语是各项计
39、划，那么他们相互之间能发生的事情不外乎是协调之类，故选择 Dcoordination“协调”。supervision“监督，管理”，manipulaion“操纵”，regulation“调节，校准”，均不符合题意。Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories【C1】_on
40、the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior【C2】_they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through【C3】_with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in【C4】_to their failure to
41、 rise above their socioeconomic status,【C5】_as a rejection of middle-class values. Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families,【C6】_the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes【C7】_lack of adequate parental
42、control. All theories, however, are tentative and are【C8】_to criticism. Changes in the social structure may indirectly【C9】_juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that【C10】_to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment【C11】_make gainful employment increasingly diffic
43、ult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in【C12】_lead more youths into criminal behavior. Families have also【C13】_changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents;【C14】_, children are likely to have less supervision at home【C15】_was common in the traditio
44、nal family【C16】_. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other【C17】_causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased【C18】_of drugs and alcohol, and the growing【C19】_of child abuse and child neglect. All these condition
45、s tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act,【C20】_a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.actingB.relyingC.centering D.commenting解析：解析：考查动词短语辨析。前面句子focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influe
46、nce已经点明许多研究青少年犯罪的理论强调个人或者强调社会作为导致犯罪的主要原因。因此，正确答案为 Ccentering，centering on“集中于”。acting on“作用于”；relying on“依赖于”；commenting on“评论”，均不符合题意。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.beforeB.unlessC.untilD.because 解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。“that children engage in criminal behavior _ they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeed
47、s”意思是：孩子从事犯罪活动_以前的恶行没有得到应有的惩罚。不难发现，前后两个句子是因果关系。因此，正确答案为 Dbecause。before“在之前”；unless“除非”；until“直到”，均不符合题意。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.interactions B.assimilationC.cooperationD.consultation解析：解析：考查名词辨析。从前面的“learned criminal behavior”来判断，与别人的交往(相互作用或影响)是染上犯罪行为的途径。因此，正确答案为 Ainteractions“相互作用或影响”。assimilation“同化”；cooperation“合作”；consultation“咨询”，均不符合题意。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.returnB.replyC.referenceD.response 解析：解析：考查固定短语辨析。空格前后的意思是“关注于社会责任的理论认为青少年未能如愿地提升自己的社会经济地位，_引发犯罪”。不难发现，前后两个部分之间是因果关系。in response to“作为回应”，这里可以引申为“由于，出于”的意思，表达一种因果关系，符合题意
