1、考研英语（翻译）-试卷 58 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.（分数：10.00）_【F1】 During the past generation, the American middle-cl
2、ass family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months. In just one g
3、eneration, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Todays families have budgeted to the
4、 limits of their new two-paycheck status.【F2】 As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setbacka back-up earner(usually Mom)who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This “added-worker effect“ could support the safety net off
5、ered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner. During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their
6、retirement income.【F3】 Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush cam
7、paigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have
8、 risenand newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families future healthcare.【F4】 Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a w
9、eak elderly parentand all the attendant need for physical and financial assistancehave jumped eightfold in just one generation. 【F5】 From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal m
10、ore like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）
11、_The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid“ mediasuch as television commercials and print advertisementsstill play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product
12、may create “earned“ media by willingly promoting it to friends, and a company may leverage “owned“ media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site.【F1】 The way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketings impa
13、ct stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media. Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for users responses. But in some cases, one marketers owned media become another marketers paid
14、 mediafor instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site.【F2】 We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend, which we believe is still in its infancy, ef
15、fectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products.【F3】 Besides generating income, the presence of
16、 other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned. 【F4】 The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more
17、(and more diverse)communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders
18、, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them. 【F5】 If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycot
19、t products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the companys response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relativ
20、ely quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_【F1】 This is supposed to
21、 be an enlightened age, but you wouldnt think so if only you could hear what the average man thinks of the average woman. Women won their independence years ago. After a long, bitter struggle, they now enjoy the same educational opportunities as men in most parts of the world. They have proved repea
22、tedly that they are equal and often superior to men in almost every field. The hard-fought battle for recognition has been won, but it is through no means over.【F2】 It is men, not women who still carry on the sex war because their attitude remains basically hostile, even in the most progressive soci
23、eties, women continue to be regarded as second-rate citizens. To hear some men talk, youd think that women belonged to a different species! On the surface, the comments made through men about womens abilities seem light-hearted. The same tired jokes about women drivers are repeated day in and day ou
24、t. This apparent light hearted ness does not conceal the real contempt that men feel for women. However much men sneer at women, their claims to superiority are not borne out through statistics. Lets consider the matter of driving, for instance. We all know that women cause far fewer accidents than
25、men. They are too conscientious and responsible to drive like maniacs. But this is a minor quibble. Women have succeeded in any job you care to name.【F3】 As politicians, soldiers, doctors, factory hands, university professors, farmers, company directors, lawyers, bus-conductors, scientists and presi
26、dents of countries they have often put men to shame. And we must remember that they frequently succeed brilliantly in all these fields in addition to bearing and rearing children. Yet men go on maintaining the fiction that there are many jobs women can not do.【F4】 Top level political negotiation bet
27、ween countries, business and banking are almost entirely controlled through men, who jealously guard their so-called “rights“. Even in otherwise enlightened places like Switzerland women haven teven been given the vote. This situation is preposterous! The truth is that men cling to their supremacy b
28、ecause of their basic inferiority complex. They shun real competition. They know in their hearts that women are superior and they are afraid of being beaten at their own game. One of the most important tasks in the world is to achieve peace between the nations.【F5】 You can be sure that if only women
29、 were allowed to sit round the conference table, they would succeed brilliantly, as they always do, where men have failed for centuries.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_As the bankster phenomenon has so eloquently illustrated, Homo s
30、apiens is exquisitely sensitive to injustice.【F1】 Many people grudgingly tolerated the astronomical incomes of financial traders, and even the cos-mological ones of banks chief executives, when they thought those salaries were earned by honest labour. Now, so many examples to the contrary have emerg
31、ed that toleration has vanished. 【F2】 Surprisingly, however, the psychological underpinnings of a sense of injusticein particular, what triggers willingness to punish an offender, even at a cost to the punisherhave not been well established. But a recent experiment by Nichola Raihani of University C
32、ollege, London, and Katherine McAuliffe of Harvard, just published in Biology Letters, attempts to disentangle the matter. Dr. Raihani and Ms. McAuliffe tested two competing hypotheses. One is that the desire to punish is simple revenge for an offence. The other is that it is related to the offence
33、s consequencesspecifically, whether or not the offender is left better off than the victim. Until recently, the temptation would have been to advertise for undergraduate volunteers for such a project. Instead, Dr. Raihani and Ms. McAuliffe decided to follow a new fashion in psychology and recruit th
34、eir human guinea pigs through a system called Mechanical Turk. This arrangement, run by Amazon, a large internet firm, pays people registered with it (known as Turkers) small sums of money to do jobs for others.【F3】 That allowed the two researchers not only to gather many more volunteers (560) than
35、would have been possible from the average student body, but also to spread the profile of those volunteers beyond the halls of academe and beyond the age of 21. 【F4】 On the face of things, this result suggests that what really gets people s goat is not so much having money taken, but having it taken
36、 in a way that makes the taker better off than the victim. That will clearly bear further investigation, for example by looking at the case where the first player begins the game better off than the second.【F5】 It is intriguing, though, that even such trivial sums of money can provoke thoughts ofrev
37、enge. In light of this, the fate awaiting those astronomically paid bankers could be a particularly nasty one.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_考研英语（翻译）-试卷 58 答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II
38、 Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.（分数：10.00）_解析：【F1】 During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financiall
39、y secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months. In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics
40、. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Todays families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status.【F2】 As a result, they have lost the parachu
41、te they once had in times of financial setbacka back-up earner(usually Mom)who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This “added-worker effect“ could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad t
42、imes. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner. During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income.【F3】 Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social
