1、考研英语（阅读）-试卷 44及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch“s daughter, Elisabeth,
2、spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions“. Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism“ in society should be profit and the market. But “it“s us, human beings, we the people who create the society we
3、want, not profit“. Driving her point home, she continued: “It“s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom.“ This same absence of moral purpose was wounding compan
4、ies such as News International, she thought, making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking. As the hacking trial concludesfinding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones, and finding his predece
5、ssor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands. Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people. This is hacking on an industrial scale, as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001
6、to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds. In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place. One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah
7、Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing. In today“s world, it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what h
8、appens in the organisations that they run. Perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business-friendly, wealth generati
9、on, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability. The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betray any common hum
10、anity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructionnor received traceable, recorded answers.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the first two paragraphs,
11、Elisabeth was upset by（分数：2.00）A.the consequences of the current sorting mechanism.B.companies“ financial loss due to immoral practices.C.governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.D.the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.(2).It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that（分数：2.00）A.Glenn Mulcai
12、re may deny phone hacking as a crime.B.more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.C.Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.D.phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.(3).The author believes that Rebekah Brooks“ s defence（分数：2.00）A.revealed a cunning personality.B.ce
13、ntered on trivial issues.C.was hardly convincing.D.was part of a conspiracy.(4).The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows（分数：2.00）A.generally distorted values.B.unfair wealth distribution.C.a marginalized lifestyle.D.a rigid moral code.(5).Which of the following is suggested in the
14、 last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.The quality of writing is of primary importance.B.Common humanity is central to news reporting.C.Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.D.Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada , Miranda Priestly, played b
15、y Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn“t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant“s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found h
16、er garment. This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn“t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline“s three-year indictment of “fast fashion“. In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Z
17、ara, H her example can“t be knocked off. Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environmentincluding H people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can“t afford not to.（分数：10.00）(1).Priestly criticizes her assistant for her（分数：2.00
18、）A.poor bargaining skill.B.insensitivity to fashion.C.obsession with high fashion.D.lack of imagination.(2).According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to（分数：2.00）A.combat unnecessary waste.B.shut out the feverish fashion world.C.resist the influence of advertisements.D.shop for their garm
19、ents more frequently.(3).The word “indictment“ ( Para. 2) is closest in meaning to（分数：2.00）A.accusation.B.enthusiasm.C.indifference.D.tolerance.(4).Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Vanity has more often been found in idealists.B.The fast-fashion industry igno
20、res sustainability.C.People are more interested in unaffordable garments.D.Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.(5).What is the subject of the text?（分数：2.00）A.Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.B.Challenge to a high-fashion myth.C.Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.D.Exposure of a
21、 mass-market secret.France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on ru
22、nways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness“ by promoting extreme dieting. Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That“s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seem
23、s to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to deathas some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth. The bans, if f
24、ully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques. The French
25、 measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deepand bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison. The fashion indu
26、stry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement. In contrast to France“ s
27、actions, Denmark“ s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body idea
28、ls, especially on young people.“ The charter“s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance. Relying on ethical persuasi
29、on rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?（分数：2.00）A.Physical beauty would be
30、redefined.B.New runways would be constructed.C.Websites about dieting would thrive.D.The fashion industry would decline.(2).The phrase “impinging on“ (Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to（分数：2.00）A.heightening the value of.B.indicating the state of.C.losing faith in.D.doing harm to.(3).Which of
31、 the following is true of the fashion industry?（分数：2.00）A.The French measures have already failed.B.New standards are being set in Denmark.C.Models are no longer under peer pressure.D.Its inherent problems are getting worse.(4).A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for（分数：2.00）A.setting a
32、high age threshold for models.B.caring too much about models“ character.C.showing little concern for health factors.D.pursuing perfect physical conditions.(5).Which of the following may be the best title of the text?（分数：2.00）A.The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryB.Just Another Round of Struggle
33、 for BeautyC.A Dilemma for the Starving Models in FranceD.A Challenge to the Fashion Industry“ s Body IdealsIn order to “change lives for the better“ and reduce “dependency“, George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search“ scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the j
34、obcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefitand then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable? More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker“s all
35、owance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on ,“ he claimed. “We“re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster“ Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancell
36、or, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms“ to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness“protecting the taxpaye
37、r, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits. Losing a job is hurting: you don“t skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psych
38、ologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disapp
39、eared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job. But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependencypermanent dependency if you can get itsupported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms o
40、f the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase “jobseeker“s allowance“ is about redefining
41、the unemployed as a “jobseeker“ who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,“ conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at 71.70 a week, one of t
42、he least generous in the EU.（分数：10.00）(1).George Osborne“ s scheme was intended to（分数：2.00）A.provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.B.encourage jobseekers“ active engagement in job seeking.C.motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.D.guarantee jobseekers“ legitimate right to bene
43、fits.(2).The phrase “to sign on“ (Para. 2) most probably means（分数：2.00）A.to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.B.to accept the government“s restrictions on the allowance.C.to register for an allowance from the government.D.to attend a governmental job-training program.(3).What prompt
44、ed the chancellor to develop his scheme?（分数：2.00）A.A desire to secure a better life for all.B.An eagerness to protect the unemployed.C.An urge to be generous to the claimants.D.A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.(4).According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel（分数：2.00）A.uneasy.B
45、.enraged.C.insulted.D.guilty.(5).To which of the following would the author most probably agree?（分数：2.00）A.The British welfare system indulges jobseekers“ laziness.B.Osborne“ s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.C.The jobseekers“ allowance has met their actual needs.D.Unemployment benefits
46、 should not be made conditional.考研英语（阅读）-试卷 44答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_解析：Two years ago, R
47、upert Murdoch“s daughter, Elisabeth, spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions“. Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism“ in society should be profit and the market. But “it“s us, human beings, we
48、the people who create the society we want, not profit“. Driving her point home, she continued: “It“s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom.“ This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International, she thought, making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking. As the hacking trial concludesfinding guilty one
