1、考研英语（阅读）-试卷 98 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_If planning offers so many tangible benefits, why do
2、 many professionals resist it? Some are more comfortable with acting, rather than “idle thinking,“ and therefore don“t want to devote so much time to it, or they think their circumstances are so likely to change that planning is futile. Other people complain that things are going so well(or so badly
3、)that there“s no point in planning. Finally, some people don“ t make strategic plans because they can“t recognize the difference between strategic and short-term, operational planninghow to get where you“ve already decided to go. Circumstances do change, and it“s certainly legitimate to wonder about
4、 the value of planning when things are changing so rapidly. But the plans we are talking about are not set in concrete. They are adaptable frameworks, goals, that can conform to changing circumstances. There“s nothing wrong with changing direction, if we know what we“re doing and understand our own
5、reasoning. A plan gives us a foundation from which we can make appropriate digressions as needed. Why plan if things are going fine? Won“t they continue like this? Won“t the skills we now use always be in demand? Probably notespecially in science and technology. Being prepared for new situations is
6、a cardinal reason for having a strategic plan in the first place. Even if we cannot anticipate everything that will affect our path, we have a better chance of dealing with it effectively if we“ve thought ahead. Things are going terribly, and I can“t bother planning because survival is the name of t
7、he game right now. Good reasoning. If it seems that it“s going to be a close call just to reach that contracted goal , don “ t worry about initiating a new overall strategy. But most of us often think things are worse than they truly are. If you are continually moving from one crisis to another, you
8、 may need to take some time off to understand why. Are you really heading where you want to go? Is your personal style suited to your circumstances? What changes in direction could prevent some of these crises in the first place? So, spend some time thinking about your future, outline your plans, an
9、d discuss them with people close to you. Strategic planning takes work, but it pays off. It“s an exciting way to create the future rather than just coast into it.（分数：10.00）(1).Many professionals refuse to make strategic plans since they believe that _.（分数：2.00）A.operational planning is more importan
10、tB.planning is of no use at all to their workC.their success depends on circumstancesD.inactive thinking is unhealthy and harmful(2).The author argues that planning _.（分数：2.00）A.is flexible and may change with changing situationB.may lose its value when the circumstances changeC.guides us through ea
11、ch stage of life to our destinyD.adapts us to the changing environment at all times(3).Even if we are doing well, we still need planning because _.（分数：2.00）A.we can do much better with an overall working planB.it offers a framework from which to make digressionC.work skills today will go out of use
12、sooner or laterD.it helps us to deal with unanticipated situations(4).By saying “it“s going to be a close call just to reach that contracted goal,“ in paragraph 4 , the author means that _.（分数：2.00）A.a new strategy is more achievable than the old oneB.a contracted goal is unrealistic and unachievabl
13、eC.there is a faint chance to complete the fixed planD.there is going to be a crisis when things go worse(5).The author believes that strategic planning_.（分数：2.00）A.serves to give rise to a better futureB.brings us many substantial benefitsC.adapts our life style to circumstancesD.adjusts directions
14、 at critical momentsThe Senate has a not-to-be-missed opportunity in the next few weeks to pass legislation giving the Food and Drug Administration the power to regulate tobacco products. It should move quicklyduring the brief period of calm before the senators must grapple with health care reform a
15、nd other difficult issues. A bill to grant the F. D. A. the needed authority was approved by the House last year. It stalled in the Senate in the face of Republican threats to filibuster, a veto threat from President George W. Bush, and a crowded legislative schedule before the November elections. T
16、he prospects may be better this yearprovided the Senate jumps on the issue early. The House has already passed a strong bill by a 298-to-112 margin. President Barack Obama supported it. The American Cancer Society, the American Heart Association, the American Lung Association and hundreds of other r
17、espected organizations backed it. So did Philip Morris, the industry giant, which is apparently confident that it could dominate any regulated marketplace. The bill would empower the F. D. A. to regulate the content of tobacco products and their marketing. The agency could order a reduction in nicot
18、ine levels and the elimination or reduction of other harmful ingredients. It could restrict marketing and sales to young people to the extent allowed by the First Amendment, crack down on misleading health claims and require larger, more effective health warnings on packages and advertisements. No s
19、enator should be fooled by a weak substitute bill offered by two tobacco-state senators, Richard Burr, a Republican, and Kay Hagan, a Democrat, both from North Carolina. Their bill would create a new regulatory agency within the Department of Health and Human Services to handle tobacco products on t
20、he superficially plausible rationale that the F. D. A. is already overburdened with its current regulation of drugs, medical devices and food safety. Such a fledgling agency would almost certainly be much less effective than the F. D. A. , especially since the senators don“t propose to grant it the
21、broad powers and ample resources provided by the House-passed bill. As the Senate prepares for a bruising battle on health care reform, there would be no more fitting prelude than to authorize F. D. A. regulation of tobacco products that kill 400,000 Americans each year and impose huge costs on the
22、health care system, corporations and the national economy.（分数：10.00）(1).The author argues that the Senate should _.（分数：2.00）A.cherish each immediate opportunity to pass legislationB.soon empower the F. D. A. to regulate tobacco productsC.take the opportunity of a calm period to pass legislationD.tac
23、kle health care reform after settling the issue of tobacco(2).Although the House passed the bill to empower the F. D. A. to regulate tobacco products last year, _.（分数：2.00）A.it has not been legislated in the Senate until nowB.it met an unexpected crowded legislative scheduleC.President George W. Bus
24、h had the power to veto itD.Republican representatives threatened to obstruct it(3).It is obvious that Philip Morris is_.（分数：2.00）A.as respected as the American Cancer SocietyB.sure of the benefits it would get from the billC.an industry giant supported by Barack ObamaD.supportive of the regulation
25、of tobacco products(4).With the power given by the legislation, the F. D. A. could_.（分数：2.00）A.eliminate harmful ingredients in tobacco productsB.reduce nicotine levels to the extent of being harmlessC.regulate the ingredients contained in tobacco productsD.confine the sales of tobacco products to y
26、oung people(5).The author argues against the bill offered by two senators from North Carolina since the F. D. A. is_.（分数：2.00）A.responsible for the safety of drugs and foodB.more effective than the agency they proposeC.overburdened with its heavy responsibilitiesD.preparing for the hard task of heal
27、th care reformWhat comes to mind when you hear the word “diversity“? Issues of race or gender may spring to mind. Equal rights? Or minority issues? I encourage people to look at a much wider definition of the word. I would tend to say diversity is “different-ness“ in any form. A good example of this
28、 kind of diversity has been experienced by every person who ever left behind the comforts of home and moved into uncharted territory that is at once stimulating, curious, and estranging. Issues of diversity are informed not only by your cultural background and context, but also by your religion, age
29、, field of work, family situation, sexual orientation, personality, and countless other factors that make us unique. Diversity affects everyone. It“s for this reason that diversity has become such a buzz word. The buzz happens because it“s all about how you handle it. It“ s very much like the job a
30、composer has when creating a great musical composition. If the composer understands what each unique note and dynamic mark is capable of in combination with the other parts, the result achieved is extraordinary. If, however, none of the parts is communicating with the others, we“re left with a cacop
31、hony. On a personal level, it“ s this understanding and acceptance of “ the other“ which rests at the core of diversity. Whether we“re talking about navigating through a multicultural urban environment or uprooting and moving to a new foreign social context, it is necessary to set aside rigid assump
32、tions about “the other“ and put oneself in the other“s shoes. So how do we make this leap? It“s often as simple as asking questions and being careful not to assume that what you see is necessarily what the other side sees. Often in my workshops I give a magic lesson to the audience to illustrate thi
33、s principle. I first present the magic and accomplish the “impossible“. The participants receive the same props but simply can“t do it. We look more carefully at the situation and realize that the assumptions they made about it actually blocked them from achieving this feat; a feat they suddenly are
34、 empowered to do which, moments ago, was impossible. The goal in being sensitive to diversity is to cultivate a culture of respect for people“s differences and understand that such an environment is beneficial to everyone involved. Diversity awareness is an evolution. We can“ t get there by snapping
35、 our fingers, and it isn“ t a matter of training people to have “textbook“ politically correct attitudes. Instead it“s a case of looking at the big picture of how we see the world, understanding why we see it that way, and making sure we do our part to genuinely value difference and benefit from it.
36、（分数：10.00）(1).The author asserts that diversity is_.（分数：2.00）A.universalB.perplexingC.convincingD.extraordinary(2).Diversity is best characterized by the fact that_.（分数：2.00）A.it affects everyoneB.everyone is uniqueC.it involves countless factorsD.different-ness dominates the world(3).Diversity awar
37、eness can be raised most by_.（分数：2.00）A.having politically correct attitudesB.moving to a new foreign social contextC.learning to respect other people“s differencesD.being sensitive to everything one experiences(4).The example of magic lesson is used to illustrate that_.（分数：2.00）A.nothing is impossi
38、bleB.magic is nothing but a featC.everyone can handle a magicD.everyone can respect diversity(5).The author believes that_.（分数：2.00）A.diversity is like musicB.diversity is like a magicC.diversity can hardly be definedD.diversity originates from cultureThe divorce rate in the United States rose stead
39、ily throughout the twentieth century. Prior to 1915, less than 10% of husbands and wives divorced. Between 1915 and 1940, the divorce climbed to almost 15%. By 1965, the divorce rate eclipsed 25%. In 1985, about 35% of all marriages ended in divorce. In the year 2000, half of all marriages ended in
40、divorce. In 2004, almost 60% of marriages with children ended in divorce, and the rate for second marriages with children was even higher. With such a high divorce rate, is it any wonder that so many American children experience adjustment problems? Divorced couples point to various reasons for thei
41、r marital breakup: money, sex, incompatibility, immaturity, lack of commitment, violence, unhappiness, jealousy, stress, infidelityto name a few. These marital problems are not new, however; they affected relationships a century ago. Many experts believe the high divorce rate is a result of dramatic
42、 social and economic changes that have altered traditional family roles and relationships. They cite how increased industrialization, urban living and many other social forces have affected the makeup and lifestyle of the American family. Families are less likely to work, participate in activities o
43、r eat meals together. Husbands and wives may both work outside the home. As a result, many American children must develop self-dependence at an early age than their ancestors did. America“s children reflect the effects of what is happening to the American family. Never before have so many children f
44、aced so many problems; physical and sexual abuse, crime and delinquency, depression and suicide, drug and alcohol abuse, emotional and behavioral problems, learning difficulties, school problems, dropping out, poor grades, running away from home, pregnancy, abortion and venereal disease. Sometimes t
45、hese problems result from unhealthy social or family relationships. They also may arise as a byproduct of an unhappy marriage or a damaging divorce. Divorce can be a very painful and disruptive experience for children, with long-term effects. Some children manage to survive their parents“ unhappy ma
46、rriage and painful divorce and grow past it; other children suffer from the effects for years. How children are affected by divorce largely depends on their personality, the circumstance surrounding the divorce and the parents“ sensitivity to their children. It is toward a better understanding of ho
47、w parents can be more sensitive to their children during the divorce process that this publication is dedicated. When parents put the needs of their children first, and are aware of how their own behavior can either harm or help their offspring during this time of turmoil, it is possible to reduce t
48、he negative effects of divorce on children.（分数：10.00）(1).The statistics for the divorce rate in the U. S. are to show that_.（分数：2.00）A.its increase accelerated throughout the 20th centuryB.it has obviously affected many American children“s growthC.it kept on increasing since the beginning of the 20t
49、h centuryD.it was much higher in the early 21st century than the previous century(2).Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.More children in the U. S. are affected by divorce.B.The primary reason for marital breakup is infidelity.C.Physical and sexual abuse has harmed more children.D.Marriages with c
