1、上海交通大学考博英语 2010 年真题及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：40，分数：20.00)1.A series of border incidents would _ lead the two countries to war.（分数：0.50）A.inevitablyB.consistentlyC.uniformlyD.persistently2.When I took out my appointment book and busily _ it, my client got the impression that I
2、had a busy schedule.（分数：0.50）A.checked outB.thumbed throughC.held outD.put through3.In the “New Horizon College English“ course, students must take performance tests at monthly _.（分数：0.50）A.gapsB.lengthC.intervalsD.distance4.A crowd of people gathered, _ by the way the police officers were hitting t
3、he two men.（分数：0.50）A.executedB.intensifiedC.chilledD.outraged5.He had been completely exhausted but felt considerably _ after a meal and a rest.（分数：0.50）A.renewedB.recreatedC.reshapedD.refreshed6.In addition to restraining economic growth, the government was increasingly anxious to tackle its trade
4、 _, which has been a mounting concern in the European Union and the US.（分数：0.50）A.maximumB.balanceC.surplusD.negotiation7.Most small earthquakes which cause very slight _ can only be detected with the help of sophisticated instruments.（分数：0.50）A.signalsB.rotationsC.passagesD.vibrations8.For a solid
5、or liquid fuel to _, some of the fuel must first be heated to the temperature at which it turns to a gas.（分数：0.50）A.igniteB.detectC.generateD.reproduce9.Zoologists observe the way animals _ with one another and their environment.（分数：0.50）A.interlockB.interlinkC.interactD.interchange10.The people of
6、this new African country all treasure their _ independence and are determined to build their country into a land of prosperity.（分数：0.50）A.hard-nosedB.hard-pressedC.hard-wonD.hard-boiled11.In the crowded restaurant, the man gave _ to his anger by yelling at the woman sitting opposite him.（分数：0.50）A.r
7、iseB.ventC.wayD.pause12.He had a feeling that she was _ avoiding himthat she fared to be alone with him.（分数：0.50）A.deliberatelyB.erroneouslyC.gracefullyD.reluctantly13.That park contains _ reproductions of such famous sights in China as the Great Wall and the Summer Palace.（分数：0.50）A.sizableB.minute
8、C.enormousD.miniature14.Each time he heard the approaching _ of his mother, he would turn off the light and feigned (佯作) sleep.（分数：0.50）A.accentB.toneC.fingerprintD.footstep15.The issue of the death penalty is highly _ in some western countries.（分数：0.50）A.controversialB.outrageousC.frustratedD.democ
9、ratic16.Like most fathers and sons, we fought; it was a cold war lasting from the _ of my adolescence until I went off to college.（分数：0.50）A.setbackB.onsetC.drawbackD.offset17.There are laws to specify the person (s) who will obtain a dead person“s _ if no will exists.（分数：0.50）A.heritageB.fameC.esta
10、teD.prestige18.She hesitated for a _ of a second before accepting his challenge to a game of tennis.（分数：0.50）A.fictionB.functionC.frictionD.fraction19.My seven-year-old nephew had a pair of new shoes in April and he“s already _ them.（分数：0.50）A.outweighedB.outgrownC.outlivedD.outreached20.Shallow poo
11、ls of water are liable to attract mosquitoes and other _.（分数：0.50）A.insectsB.fliesC.garbageD.garage21.In the vast majority of cases, the populace (老百姓) tends to _ economic success with democracy.（分数：0.50）A.digestB.distinguishC.assimilateD.identify22.He was very intelligent, but he _ the requirement
12、for a manager.（分数：0.50）A.fell short ofB.ran short ofC.ran out ofD.froze out of23.The Foreign Ministry holds weekly press conferences to _ reporters _ the latest development in diplomacy.（分数：0.50）A.conferB.burdenC.fillD.adjust24.He had a quarrel with his wife and just _ her.（分数：0.50）A.became ofB.got
13、hold ofC.walked out onD.passed over25.For fear that a new shopping center would ruin the peace of the community, many residents _ the construction plan.（分数：0.50）A.approvedB.counteredC.defendedD.opposed26.The Maya civilization reached its period of greatest development about A. D. 250 and continued t
14、o _ for hundreds of years.（分数：0.50）A.thriveB.flourishC.prevailD.popularize27.Having published more than a dozen papers in some first-rate journals, she is held in high _ by her colleagues.（分数：0.50）A.esteemB.evaluationC.estateD.ego28.While some office jobs would seem _ to many people, there are quite
15、 a few jobs that are stimulating, exciting and satisfying.（分数：0.50）A.hostileB.tediousC.fantasticD.courageous29.The troops were in a _ position, completely exposed to attack from the air.（分数：0.50）A.eminentB.brutalC.vulnerableD.adequate30.In minutes he has taken over the whole _, lying under the sink
16、and squinting (眯眼看) up into the machinery.（分数：0.50）A.conscienceB.restraintC.trialD.enterprise31.The government should really pay attention to this problem which can be found everywhere and by no means _ to this region.（分数：0.50）A.singleB.individualC.aloneD.unique32.Plastic bags are useful for holding
17、 many kinds of food _ their cleanness toughness and low cost.（分数：0.50）A.by virtue ofB.by means ofC.at sight ofD.by way of33.From the living room and family auto to the supermarket and office, it“s impossible to escape the electronic revolution that is _ the way people live and work.（分数：0.50）A.resumi
18、ngB.transformingC.preparingD.seeking34.Although family affairs are thought to be _, many public laws affecting all of us are based on what is thought to be correct behavior of family members.（分数：0.50）A.complicatedB.delicateC.ordinaryD.private35.Ronny“s steps died away, and there was a moment of _ si
19、lence.（分数：0.50）A.absentB.abstractC.absoluteD.acquire36.The value of the industrial _ dropped from about 70 billion dollars to slightly more than 31 billion.（分数：0.50）A.outcomeB.outlookC.outputD.outset37.We shall never be able to _ ourselves truly unless we are working for the welfare of our fellows.（
20、分数：0.50）A.realizeB.spotC.accomplishD.fulfill38.The jokes Bill told in an effort to cheer us up didn“t quite _.（分数：0.50）A.come offB.take offC.go offD.get through39.The teacher tried to explain the problem, but the explanation did not _.（分数：0.50）A.come upB.hang onC.get acrossD.look out40.The court rul
21、ed that John was _ in hitting the man in self-defense punished.（分数：0.50）A.justifiedB.accusedC.approvedD.admitted二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Previous research by scientists from Keil University in Germany monitored Adelie penguins and noted that the birds“ heart rat
22、es increased dramatically at the sight of a human as far as 30 meters away. But new research using an artificial egg, which is equipped to measure heart rates, disputes this. Scientists from the Scott Polar Research Institute at Cambridge say that a slow moving human who does not approach the nest t
23、oo closely, is not perceived as a threat by penguins. The earlier findings have been used to partly explain the 20 per cent drop in populations of certain types of penguins near tourist sites. However, tour operators have continued to insist that their activities do not adversely affect wildlife in
24、Antarctica, saying they encourage non-disruptive behavior in tourists, and that the decline in penguin numbers is caused by other factors. Amanda Nimon of the Scott Polar Research Institute spent three southern hemisphere summers at Cuverville Island in Antarctica studying penguin behavior towards h
25、umans. “A nesting penguin will react very differently to a person rapidly and closely approaching the nest,“ says Nimon. “First they exhibit large and prolonged heart rate changes and then they often flee the nest leaving it open for predators (捕食者) to fly in and remove eggs or chicks.“ The artifici
26、al egg, specially developed for the project, monitored both the parent who had been disturbed when the egg was placed in the nest and the other parent as they both took it in turns to guard the nest. However, Boris Culik, who monitored the Adelie penguins, believes that Nimon“s findings do not inval
27、idate his own research. He points out that species behave differentlyand Nimon“s work was with Gentoo penguins. Nimon and her colleagues believe that Culik“s research was methodologically flawed because the monitoring of penguins“ responses entailed capturing and restraining the birds and fitting th
28、em with heart-rate transmitters. Therefore, argues Nimon, it would not be surprising if they became stressed on seeing a human subsequently.（分数：5.00）(1).Previous research by German scientists has shown that _.（分数：1.00）A.the heart rate of penguins in Antarctica is increasingB.penguins are disturbed b
29、y the presence of a humanC.the number of penguins in Antarctica is decliningD.penguins of different species behave differently(2).A new finding in recent research by British scientists is that _.（分数：1.00）A.penguins near tourist sites in Antarctica have been disrupted by the tourist activitiesB.pengu
30、in parents both take turn to guard their nest and look after their eggs or chicksC.penguins are not threatened by a human who approaches the nest slowly and distantlyD.penguins abandon the nest leaving eggs or chicks unprotected whenever seeing a human(3).An artificial egg is used in the new researc
31、h in order to _.（分数：1.00）A.observe penguins“ heart ratesB.exchange for a real penguin eggC.monitor the hatch of penguin eggsD.measure penguins“ body temperature(4).According to Nimon, the conductor of the new research, a comparison of the old and the new research reveals that _.（分数：1.00）A.the two re
32、searches produced contradictory but both valid findings for they were based on different species of penguinB.the two researches produced compatible and complementary findings for they studied different species of penguinC.the old research was unreliable for it had scared penguins and changed their l
33、ater behavior by fitting a monitor on themD.the new research reveals penguins need better protection from tourists(5).According to the passage, which factor is the most important influence for penguins“s heart rates?（分数：1.00）A.Climate changeB.Tourist activitiesC.Scientific researchD.Not firmly known
34、 yet四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：5.00)An organization is only as good as the people it employs. Selecting the right person for the job involves more than identifying the essential or desirable range of skills, educational and professional qualifications necessary to perform the job and then recruiting (招募
35、) the candidate who is most likely to possess these skills or at least is perceived to have the ability and inclination to acquire them. This is a purely person/skills match approach to selection. Work invariably takes place in the presence and/or under the direction of others, in a particular organ
36、izational setting. The individual has to fit in with the work environment, with other employees, with the organizational climate, style of work, organization and culture of the organization. Different organizations have different cultures. Working as an engineer at British Aerospace will not necessa
37、rily be a similar experience to working in the same capacity at GEC or Plessey. Poor selection decisions are expensive. For example, the costs of training a policeman are about 20,000. The costs of employing an unsuitable technician on an oil rig (石油钻塔) or in a nuclear plant could, in an emergency,
38、result in millions of pounds of damage or loss of life. The disharmony of a poor person-environment fit is likely to result in low job satisfaction, lack of organizational commitment and employee stress, which affect organizational outcomes, i. e. productivity, high rates of staff change and absente
39、eism, and individual outcomes i. e. physical, psychological and mental well-being. However despite the importance of the recruitment decision and the range of sophisticated and more objective selection technique available, including the use of psychometric tests, assessment centers etc. , many organ
40、izations are still prepared to make this decision on the basis of a single 30 to 45 minute unstructured interview. Indeed, research has demonstrated that a selection decision is often made within the first four minutes of the interview. In the remaining time, the interviewer then attends exclusively
41、 to information that reinforces the initial “accept“ or “reject“ decision. Research into the validity of selection methods has consistently demonstrated that the unstructured interview, where the interviewer asks any questions he or she likes, is a poor predictor of future job performance and does l
42、ittle better than more controversial methods like graphology (笔迹学) and astrology (占星术).（分数：5.00）(1).The right person for an organization should not only possess necessary skills for the job but also _.（分数：1.00）A.have the ability and inclination to acquire these skillsB.own educational and profession
43、al qualificationsC.fit in with the organization“s environmentD.possess similar work experience(2).Wrong selection decisions will lead to the following outcomes EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.higher training costs per personB.greater damage or casualtiesC.high job satisfactionD.poor physical, psychological and
44、mental well-being(3)._ are the best method to identify suitable employees.（分数：1.00）A.psychometric tests and assessment centersB.graphology and astrologyC.unstructured interviewsD.structured interviews(4).In an unstructured interview, _ will greatly determine the interviewer“s final decision.（分数：1.00
45、）A.the candidate“s job satisfaction and organizational commitmentB.the impression the candidate makes in the first few minutesC.the questions the interviewer happens to ask the candidateD.the candidate“s capability to cope with an emergency(5).This passage is mainly about _.（分数：1.00）A.importance of
46、employee selectionB.future trends in employee selectionC.best methods of employee selectionD.popular myths in employee selection五、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Every year thousands of people are arrested and taken to court for shop-lifting. In Britain alone, about HK $3,000,000 worth of goods are stol
47、en from shops every week. As a result of this “shrinkage“ as the shops call it, the honest public has to pay higher prices. Shop-lifters can be divided into three main categories: the professionals, the deliberate amateur, and the people who just can“t help themselves. The professionals do not pose
48、much of a problem for the store detectives, who, assisted by closed circuit television, can usually cope with them. The professionals tend to go for high value goods in parts of the shops where security measures are tightest. And, in any case, they account for only a small percentage of the total lo
49、sses due to shop-lifting. The same applies to the deliberate amateur who is, so to speak, a professional in training. Most of them get caught sooner or later, and they are dealt with severely by the courts. The real problem is the person who gives way to a sudden temptation and is in all other respects an honest and law-abiding citizen. Cont
