1、中国人民大学考博英语-2 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：40，分数：20.00)1.Largely due to the university tradition and the current academic milieu, every college student here works _ .（分数：0.50）A.industriallyB.industriouslyC.consciouslyD.purposefully2.on 9 December, James Joyce experienced one of tho
2、se coincidences which affected him _ at the time and which later became material for his books.（分数：0.50）A.inadequatelyB.systematicallyC.profoundlyD.simultaneously3.Some linguists believe that the _ age for children learning a foreign language is 5 to 8.（分数：0.50）A.optimisticB.optionalC.optimalD.oppre
3、ssed4.Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be _ controlled and modified.（分数：0.50）A.deliberatelyB.consequentlyC.originallyD.absolutely5.It is _ understood by all concerned that the word no one who visits him ever breathe a syllable of in his heating wi
4、ll remain forever unspoken.（分数：0.50）A.uncommunicativelyB.acceptablyC.tacitlyD.taciturnly6.With the joint effort of everyone, the plan is _ to succeed; Im sure of that.（分数：0.50）A.obviousB.boundC.doubtlessD.necessary7.This problem should be discussed first, for it takes _ over all the other issues.（分数
5、：0.50）A.precedenceB.prosperityC.presumptionD.probability8.AIDS is causing great public concern because the _ fatal disease hits primarily young people.（分数：0.50）A.invariablyB.imperativelyC.transientlyD.deceptively9.The appearance of the used car is _ , its much newer than it really is.（分数：0.50）A.desc
6、riptiveB.indicativeC.deceptiveD.impressive10.Keys should never be hidden around the house since thieves _ know where to look.（分数：0.50）A.virtuallyB.initiallyC.invariablyD.infinitely11.The Olympic Games were watched by _ billions of people around the world. A. virtually B. literally C deliberately D.
7、appropriately（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.12.It must guide public opinion, after presenting _ both sides of every issue and pointing out to readers what measures seem to promise the greater good for the greater number.（分数：0.50）A.inquisitivelyB.inconceivablyC.appallinglyD.impartially13.Scientists are _ certain t
8、hat there is a cancer-inhibiting agent in the blood of the shark.（分数：0.50）A.dubiouslyB.virtuallyC.queerlyD.randomly14.Cant you speak more _ to your parents?（分数：0.50）A.respectablyB.respectinglyC.respectivelyD.respectfully15.The gap between those at the lowest level and those at the highest level of i
9、ncome had increased _ ,and is continuing to increase.（分数：0.50）A.substantiallyB.successfullyC.succinctlyD.sufficiently16.The republication of the poets most recent works will certainly _ his national reputation.（分数：0.50）A.magnifyB.strengthenC.enlargeD.enhance17.Since she was alone, she opened the doo
10、r _ , leaving the chain lock fastened.（分数：0.50）A.warilyB.consciouslyC.audaciouslyD.recklessly18.The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her _ attitude toward customers.（分数：0.50）A.straightforwardB.partialC.favourableD.hostile19.You cannot be _ careful when you drive a car.（分数：0.50
11、）A.veryB.soC.tooD.enough20.Its amazing that two researchers working independently made the same discovery _ .（分数：0.50）A.spontaneouslyB.simultaneouslyC.collaborativelyD.conscientiously21.She made two copies of this poem and posted them _ to different publishers.（分数：0.50）A.sensationallyB.simultaneousl
12、yC.strenuouslyD.simply22.He added a _ to his letter by saying that he would arrive before 8 pm.（分数：0.50）A.presidencyB.prestigeC.postscriptD.preliminary23.The problem of pollution as well as several other issues is going to be discussed when the Congress is in _ again next spring.（分数：0.50）A.conventio
13、nB.conferenceC.sessionD.assembly24.The food was divided _ according to the age and size of the child.（分数：0.50）A.equallyB.individuallyC.sufficientlyD.proportionally25.Millions of tons of water are _ by a complex system of dykes.（分数：0.50）A.held upB.held onC.held outD.held back26.Some _ good luck broug
14、ht us nothing but trouble.（分数：0.50）A.seeminglyB.satisfactorilyC.uniformlyD.universally27.This dictionary is _ intended for American learners of Chinese.（分数：0.50）A.especiallyB.particularlyC.specificallyD.uniquely28.The _ of gifted children into accelerated classes will start next week according to th
15、eir academic performance.（分数：0.50）A.segregationB.specificationC.spectrumD.subscription29.He cut the string and held up the two _ to tie the box.（分数：0.50）A.segmentsB.sedimentsC.seizuresD.secretes30.Her sadness was obvious, but she believed that her feeling of depression was _ .（分数：0.50）A.torrentB.tra
16、nsientC.tensileD.textured31.These areas rely on agriculture almost _ , having few mineral recourses and a minimum of industrial development.（分数：0.50）A.respectivelyB.extraordinarilyC.incrediblyD.exclusively32.Business in this area has been _ because prices are too high.（分数：0.50）A.prosperousB.secretiv
17、eC.slackD.shrill33.He told a story about his sister who was in a sad _ when she was ill and had no money.（分数：0.50）A.plightB.polarizationC.plagueD.pigment34.I have to say this, but this coat youve just bought is made of _ fur; its not real mink.（分数：0.50）A.coarseB.genuineC.slipperyD.conscientiously35.
18、The unfortunate death of the genius poet caused _ loss to this country.（分数：0.50）A.pricelessB.countlessC.incalculableD.imaginable36.The medicine is on sale everywhere. You can get it at _ chemists.（分数：0.50）A.eachB.someC.certainD.any37.Before the disastrous earthquake there was _ chaos.（分数：0.50）A.mass
19、iveB.ominousC.suspendingD.imminent38.Nicholas Chauvin, a French soldier, aired his veneration of Napoleon Bonaparte so _ and unceasingly that he became the laughingstock of all people in Europe.（分数：0.50）A.vociferouslyB.patrioticallyC.verboselyD.loquaciously39.In ancient times, some catastrophic exti
20、nction of species occurred _ .（分数：0.50）A.sequentiallyB.repeatedlyC.naturallyD.intentionally40.The municipal planning commission said that their financial outlook for the next year was optimistic. They expect increased tax _ .（分数：0.50）A.privilegesB.efficiencyC.revenuesD.validity二、BPart Reading (总题数：6
21、，分数：30.00)Read the following passages, decide on the best one of the choices marked A, B, C and D for each question or unfinished statement and then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket.In The Birth order Book: Why You Are the Way You Are(2004), Dr. Kevin Leman n
22、otes that 21 of the first 23 Americans in space were first-born males or only children. More than half of United States presidents have been first-borns or first-born boys. Its a pretty significant finding historically, because families used to be bigger than they are today.In addition to being high
23、 achievers, older children also generally have higher IQs (智商) than younger ones. Researchers have noted that the more kids a family has, the lower each childs individual IQ tends to be. They give a few reasons for this.Parents only have so much time, attention, and money. The more kids they have, t
24、he more these things are divided. First-borns initially get the entire parental-time pie. Whats more, the ratio of grown-ups to kids decreases with each new baby. USo the younger ones are surrounded by more childrens language on average than the older kids./USome researchers think parental attention
25、 is the key to personality birth-order differences. In his book Born to Rebel, psychologist Frank Sulloway says competition for Mom and Dads attention is the thing that really shapes our personalities and, in fact has shaped history. He argues that we adapt our personalities as part of our strategy
26、to seek favor from Mom and Dad. Younger siblings (兄弟姐妹) tend to become rebels. Sulloway studied political activists and found that later-born activists were more radical than their firstborn peers.The conclusion of his book is that sibling competition for parental attention can affect society as a w
27、hole in times of revolution. Thomas Jefferson, Karl Marx, and Fidel Castro were all younger siblings, for example.As compelling as this all is, its also something we should probably take with caution, there are other things that happen to us in life besides the addition of siblings to our families.
28、A parent can die; a hurricane can leave us homeless; we can catch a life-threatening disease. Any one of these things will probably have more of an effect on our personalities than the presence of siblings.A 2002 study bore this out. After interviewing 535 undergraduates, researchers concluded that
29、personality differences related to birth order were U“folklore“/U, although IQ and achievement differences were widely supported by research.（分数：5.00）(1).What is implied by “the younger ones are surrounded by more childrens language on average than the older kids“ (Para. 3) ?（分数：1.00）A.Younger child
30、ren need parental rather than siblings attention.B.Younger children need siblings rather than parental attention.C.Younger children feel uncomfortable with more siblings.D.Younger children have less chance to talk with their parents.(2).Sulloway, author of Born to Rebel, suggests that younger siblin
31、gs _ .（分数：1.00）A.try hard to get attention from their parentsB.are less likely to shape historyC.are winners in getting parental attentionD.seldom adapt their personalities(3).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor shaping personality?（分数：1.00）A.Death of a parent.B.Childrens language.C.
32、A natural disaster.D.A fatal disease.(4).What is the meaning of“ folklore“ in the last paragraph?（分数：1.00）A.Traditional customs and beliefs.B.Verified hypotheses.C.Widely held unsupported notions.D.Tales of sayings preserved orally.(5).Which of the following statements is proposed by researchers?（分数
33、：1.00）A.Later-borns do not compete for attention.B.First-bores tend to become rebels.C.Later-borns are prone to diseases.D.First-borns achieve more than younger ones.Does money buy happiness? Its sometimes said that scientists have found no relationship between money and happiness, but thats myth, s
34、ays University of Illinois psychologist Ed Diener.The connection is complex. In fact, very rich people rate substantially higher in satisfaction with life than very poor people do, even within wealthy nations, he says. “There is overwhelming evidence that money buys happiness, “said economist Andrew
35、 Oswald of University of Warwick in England. The main debate, he said, is how strong the effect is.Oswald recently reported a study of Britons who won between $ 2, 000 and $ 250, 000 in a lottery (彩票拍奖). As a group, they showed a boost in happiness averaging a bit more than one point on a 36-point s
36、cale when surveyed two years after their win, compared to their levels two years before they won.Daniel Kahnman, a Nobel-Prize winner and Princeton economist, and colleagues, recently declared that the notion that making a lot of money will produce good overall mood is“ mostly illusory“. They noted
37、that in one study, members of the high-income group were almost twice as likely to call themselves“ very happy“ as people from households with incomes below $ 20, 000. But other studies, rather than asking for a summary estimate of happiness, follow people through the day and repeatedly record their
38、 feeling. These studies show less effect of income on happiness. Kahnman and colleagues said.There is still another twist to the money-happiness story. Even though people who make $ 150, 000 are considerably happier than those who make $ 40, 000 ,Its not clear why, says psychologist Richard E. Lucas
39、 of Michigan State University.Researchers conclude that any effect of money on happiness is smaller than most daydreamers assume. “People exaggerate how much happiness is bought by an extra few thousand,“ Oswald said. “The quality of relationships has a far bigger effect than quite large rises in sa
40、lary. Its much better advice, if youre looking for happiness in life, try to find the right husband or wife than to try to double your salary.“（分数：5.00）(1).The main purpose of this passage is to discuss _ .（分数：1.00）A.the contributions of household incomes to happinessB.the complex relationship betwe
41、en money and happinessC.the positive relationship between money and happinessD.the negative relations of money to happiness(2).Andrew Oswalds study _ .（分数：1.00）A.proves money has little effect on happinessB.given evidence that money buys happinessC.rejects the relation between money buys happinessD.
42、shows that lottery brings people happiness(3).The word“ illusory“ (Para 4) is closest in meaning to “_“.（分数：1.00）A.dramaticB.ordinaryC.drasticD.imaginary(4).According to Lucas, richer peoples happiness _ .（分数：1.00）A.comes form their high incomeB.may not be directly related to their high incomeC.is b
43、oosted by their high incomeD.is not derived from their high income(5).According to Oswald, a more important factor in bringing about happiness may be good _ .（分数：1.00）A.healthB.feelingsC.marriageD.salariesWhen Frank Dale took over as publisher of Los Angeles Herrald-Examiner, the organization had ju
44、st ended a ten-year strike. There was much bitterness and, as he told us. himself to everybody, to thank them for their loyalty to that point, and to allow them to express their concerns and frustrations. To questions like “What makes you think you can make this thing go?“ he responded, “I dont know
45、 yet, but in thirty days Ill come back to you and let you know what Ive found. “He recruited a task force of the best people from throughout the Hearst Corporation to do a crash study, and in thirty days he had a written report on what needed to be done, which he shared with the staff. He had taken
46、the all-important first steps to establish mutual trust, without which leadership would not have been possible.Trust is the emotional glue that binds followers and leaders together. The accumulation of trust is a measure of the legitimacy of leadership. It cannot be demanded or purchased; it must be
47、 earned. Trust is the basic ingredient of all organizations, the lubrication that maintains the organization, and it is as mysterious and difficult a concept as leadership-and as important.one thing we can say for sure about trust is that if trust is to be generated, there must be predictability, th
48、e capacity to predict anothers behavior. Another way of putting it is to say that organizations without trust would resemble the ambiguous nightmare of Kafkas The Castle, where nothing can be certain and nobody can be relied on or be held responsible. The ability to predict outcomes with s high prob
49、ability of success generates and maintaining trust.（分数：5.00）(1).What was Frank Dates problem when he became the publisher of Los Angeles Herrald-Examiner?（分数：1.00）A.He had lost interest in his publishing career.B.He found it hard to introduce himself to everyone.C.Los Angeles Herrald-Examiner was in extrame d
