1、中国社科院研究生院真题 2003 年及答案解析(总分：79.98，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：15，分数：7.50)1.In the early 20th century, at the advent of the telephone, it was considered a superfluous instrument which would never be of practical use in the average household.（分数：0.50）A.appearanceB.popularityC.dominanceD.consolidati
2、on2.The judge remained Usober/U despite the lawyers ludicrous attempt to prove the defendants innocence. A. sad B. sorry C: serious D. surprised（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.3.A pervasive negative attitude of the engineers toward projects funded by his company is the cause of the delay of signing the contract.（分
3、数：0.50）A.perpetualB.perniciousC.preventiveD.prevalent4.Helen could not help feeling antipathy toward her fathers new wife whom he married just two months after the death of Helens mother.（分数：0.50）A.sympathyB.concessionC.compassionD.hostility5.California seems to be the home of the homeless since man
4、y are often observed tramping along railroad tracks and through the downtown areas of the cities.（分数：0.50）A.roamingB.trimmingC.stealingD.stamping6.On Christmas Eve in America the shopping malls are saturated with shoppers in a frantic competition for last minute gifts.（分数：0.50）A.bustledB.soaredC.fil
5、ledD.broadened7.The blunder of Argentinas goalie cost them the game in the match against Brazil.（分数：0.50）A.triumphB.beatC.mistakeD.straggle8.The child was so ingenuous that even when she knocked the television off its stand so that it was irreparably damaged, her parents thought her to be charming（分
6、数：0.50）A.intelligentB.ingeniousC.adroitD.naive9.The low interest rates on banks loans provided an impetus for many to buy homes.（分数：0.50）A.incentiveB.obstacleC.reasonD.delay10.It was an allusion to what the scientist thought was an inappropriate distribution of funds for stem cell research.（分数：0.50）
7、A.referenceB.contradictionC.explanationD.rejection11.Tim is dubious about diet pills which advertise quick weight loss.（分数：0.50）A.anxiousB.pessimisticC.doubtfulD.ignorant12.If the salesmen are not given tangible benefits for a high volume of sales, they will loose their motivation.（分数：0.50）A.substan
8、tialB.psychologicalC.spiritualD.profitable13.Many people in Wales have an affinity with music.（分数：0.50）A.reputation forB.solubility inC.tinctureD.attraction to14.His talent for music remained latent until his wife bought him guitar.（分数：0.50）A.hiddenB.sophisticatedC.delicateD.profound15.A rapid portf
9、olio turnover rate may preclude low long-term capital gains.（分数：0.50）A.prohibitB.lagC.preventD.reject二、BSection B/B(总题数：15，分数：7.50)16.He was _ with the deadly disease when he was 14, and has suffered with it for 10 years.（分数：0.50）A.inducedB.inflictedC.insertedD.integrated17.Every person on the sales
10、 team is _ because they work together well.（分数：0.50）A.incompatibleB.incredibleC.indefiniteD.indispensable18.The secretary wants to _ all the file clerks to make preparations for the company Christmas party.（分数：0.50）A.enlightenB.enlistC.enableD.enclose19.To be a successful criminal, one must be _.（分数
11、：0.50）A.empiricalB.emigrantC.elegantD.elusive20.The low operating costs of the foreign company will _ the high labor costs the business pays in its own country.（分数：0.50）A.offendB.obstructC.obligeD.offset21.Despite the fact that they were _ when they married, after 30 years they live together harmoni
12、ously.（分数：0.50）A.contradictoryB.incompatibleC.contraryD.compatible22.Because of her dual nationality in the United States and Mexico, Maria was almost required to pay taxes in both countries until her accountant _ with a satisfactory solution for both countries.（分数：0.50）A.interceptedB.interactedC.in
13、terpretedD.intervened23._ was given by the committee to all of those who donated money.（分数：0.50）A.RecognitionB.AttentionC.TributeD.Acknowledgement24.Most of the waiters are _ in their work because the owner of the restaurant does not pay them on time.（分数：0.50）A.rackB.tackC.slackD.stack25.It was thei
14、r _ decision to leave their country, and as a result, they lost their citizenship.（分数：0.50）A.compulsoryB.deliberateC.carefreeD.modest26.She _ scarlet fever when she was a baby and lost her eyesight.（分数：0.50）A.distortedB.contractedC.subtractedD.distracted27.She is _ to sprain her ankle because it is
15、weak from 3 previous pains.（分数：0.50）A.proneB.disposedC.boundD.destined28.Little boys seem to enjoy _ train sets more than little girls.（分数：0.50）A.captureB.departureC.fixtureD.miniature29.Many skiers _ around the fire and drink hot chocolate in the evenings.（分数：0.50）A.padB.packC.squeezeD.cluster30.A
16、stateless young man may have felt _ after having been denied asylum and right of residence by many countries.（分数：0.50）A.intriguedB.initiatedC.indicatedD.intimidated三、BPart Grammar(总题数：8，分数：8.00)31.There was (a pause of) complete stillness (which) the (buzzing) of the bees among the pink roses sounde
17、d (as loud as) the fight of an aircraft.（分数：1.00）A.a pause ofB.whichC.buzzingD.as loud as32.This discrepancy (was intriguing to) Alfred Wegener, a young geologist (working in) Greenland in 1910. He thought (the error) too great to be (accounted) easily.（分数：1.00）A.was intriguing toB.working inC.the e
18、rrorD.accounted33.From (such data) Wegener developed his floating continents theory. He envisioned an original super continent that crystallized (of) molten material (making up) the infant earth; eventually the mass (cracked) and broke into several pieces - the present continents.（分数：1.00）A.such dat
19、aB.ofC.making upD.cracked34.The subject may (be approached in) several directions, but (the scene) cannot be fully (from) any (one vantage) point.（分数：1.00）A.be approached inB.the sceneC.fromD.one vantage35.When we (think of) creative people the names that probably (spring to mind) are (those of) men
20、 such as Albert Einstein, Pablo Picasso, great artists, inventors and scientists (a selective) and exceptionally gifted body of men with rare talent and genius.（分数：1.00）A.think ofB.spring to mindC.those ofD.a selective36.(A favorite story) among (acoustic) experts (concerns with) a noisy Long Island
21、 suburb where, every day and night, huge trucks (rumbled down) a freeway.（分数：1.00）A.A favorite storyB.acousticC.concerns withD.rumbled down37.Though the wide universe is full of good, kernel of nourishing corn can come to (man) (only through) his own toil (bestowed) that plot of ground which is give
22、n him (to till).（分数：1.00）A.manB.only throughC.bestowedD.to till38.Society is a (joint-stock) company, in which the members agree, (for) the better (securing of )bread for each shareholder, (to surrender to) the liberty and culture of each individual.（分数：1.00）A.joint-stockB.forC.securing ofD.to surre
23、nder to四、BSection B/B(总题数：7，分数：7.00)39.The economic forces which may affect the new public offering of stock include sudden downturns in the market, hedging and other investor strategies for preventing losses, the interest rates in Washington, and _ undercapitalized.（分数：1.00）A.loosing fearing the co
24、mpany may still beB.loosening a fear of the company still beingC.a loosening of fearing that the company may still beD.a loosening of a fear that the company may still be40.School integration plans that involve busing between suburban and central-city areas have contributed, according to a recent st
25、udy, to _ any future need/or busing.（分数：1.00）A.significant increases in housing integration, which, in turn, reducesB.significant integration increases in housing, which, in turn, reducesC.increases housing integration significantly, which, in turn, reducesD.increases housing integration significant
26、ly, which, in turn, reduce41._ in the United States（分数：1.00）A.Three out of every four automobile owners also own a bicycleB.Out of every four, three automobile owners also owns a bicycleC.Three out of every four automobile owners owns bicyclesD.Out of every four owners of automobiles bicycles are al
27、so owned by three42.The relationship between corpulence and disease remains controversial, although statistics clearly _ reduced life expectancy chronic obesity.（分数：1.00）A.associate a toB.associates a withC.associates toD.associate a with43.For many travelers, charter vacations often turn out to cos
28、t considerably more than _.（分数：1.00）A.they originally seemedB.they originally seem toC.they seemingly would cost originallyD.they seemed originally44._ a larger percentage of its gross national product on defending its coasts from rising seas than _.（分数：1.00）A.In Holland, it costs the spending on mi
29、litary defense in the United StatesB.In Holland they spendthe United States does on military defenseC.Holland spends the military defense spending of the United StatesD.Holland spends the United States does on military defense45.Distinguished architecture requires the expenditure of large sums of mo
30、ney, even if it is by no means certain _ the expenditure of large sums of money _ distinguished architecture.（分数：1.00）A.that produceB.of will produceC.that producesD.as to producing五、BPart Reading (总题数：5，分数：30.00)BDirections:/B Answer all questions based on the information in the passages below.An i
31、mportant point in the development of a governmental agency is the codification of its controlling practices. The study of law or jurisprudence is usually concerned with the codes and practices of specific governments, past or present. It is also concerned with certain questions upon which a function
32、al analysis of behavior has some bearing. What is a law? What role does a law play in governmental control? In particular, what effect does it have upon the behavior of the controllee and of the members of the governmental agency itself?A law usually has two important features. In the first place, i
33、t specifies behavior. The behavior is usually not described topographically but rather in terms of its effect upon others - the effect that is the object of governmental control. When we are told, for example, that an individual has “committed perjury,“ we are not told what he has actually said. “Ro
34、bbery“ and “assault“ do not refer to specific forms of response. Only properties of behavior which are aversive to others are mentioned - in perjury the lack of a customary correspondence between a verbal response and certain factual circumstances, in robbery the removal of positive reinforces, and
35、in assault the aversive character of physical injury. In the second place, a law specifies or implies a consequence, usually punishment, A law is thus a statement of a contingency of reinforcement maintained by a governmental agency. The contingency may have prevailed as a controlling practice prior
36、 to its codification as a law, or it may represent a new practice which goes into effect with the passage of the law. Laws are thus both descriptions of past practices and assurafices of similar practices in the future. A law is a rule of conduct in the sense that it specifies the consequences of ce
37、rtain actions which in mm “rule“ behavior.The effect of a law upon the controlling agency The government of a large group requires an elaborate organization, the practices of which may be made more consistent and effective by codification. How codes of law affect governmental agents is the principal
38、 subject of jurisprudence. The behavioral processes are complex, although presumably not novel. In order to maintain or “enforce“ contingencies of governmental control, an agency must establish the fact that an individual has behaved illegally and must interpret a code to determine the punishment. I
39、t must then carry out the punishment. These labors are usually divided among special subdivisions of the agency. The advantages gained when the individual is “not under man but under law“ have usually been obvious, and the great codifiers of law occupy places of honor in the history of civilization.
40、 Codification does not, however, change the essential nature of governmental action nor remedy all its defects.Comprehension Questions:（分数：6.00）(1).In the development of a government agency, _.（分数：1.00）A.the standard on which the judgment may be made is more important than the actual application of
41、this judgmentB.the function of law is importantC.the study of ordinance is the most importantD.practice is more important than criterion(2).One of the prominent characteristics of a law is _.（分数：1.00）A.the result on the individuals behavior on which a restraining influence is being exercisedB.the re
42、sult of a behavior on the members of the governmental agencyC.the result of a behavior on ordinary citizensD.both A and B(3).What does the example “committed perjury“ illustrate?（分数：1.00）A.The law will examine closely what the individual said in court.B.It illustrates that the law only has something
43、 to say when behavior has negative effects on others.C.Behavior which tends to avoid punishing stimulus will not be explicitly specified by law.D.Both B and C(4).The other distinguishing trait of the law is _.（分数：1.00）A.punishment is carried out by the courts at all levelsB.rules and court practices
44、 initiated by a governmental agency, are specifically designed to increase government controlC.asystem of rules governing a conduct, activity or event incidental by natureD.any governmental reinforcement(5).Why are laws formed?（分数：1.00）A.Laws are made before a contingency.B.Laws are made after a con
45、tingency.C.A contingency always happens before a law is approved and passed.D.Laws are passed to stand the test of time and are applicable to other similar circumstances in the future.(6).How does codification of the laws affect governmental agents?（分数：1.00）A.The law will be interpreted objectively
46、rather than subjectively.B.Government agencies have to compromise with factual conditions.C.Occasionally, governmental agencies have to redress, correct or adapt a law for their benefit.D.Laws can not be altered or modified but they can be incremented with new court decisions and also through jurisp
47、rudence.Passage 2If income is transferred from rich persons to poor persons the proportion in which different sorts of goods and services are provided will be changed. Expensive luxuries will give place to more necessary articles, rare wines to meat and bread, new machines and factories to clothes a
48、nd improved small dwellings; and there will be other changes of a like sort. In view of this fact, it is inexact to speak of a change in the distribution of the dividend in favor of or adverse to, the poor. There is not a single definitely constituted heap of things coming into being each year and d
49、istributed now in one way, now in another. In fact, there is no such thing as the dividend from the point of view of both of two years, and therefore, there can be no such thing as a change in its distribution.This, however, is a point of words rather than of substance. What I mean when I say that the distribution of the dividend has changed in favor of the poor is that, t
