1、中国社科院研究生院真题 2004 年及答案解析(总分：135.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocbular(总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.She actually preferred a more gregarious urban life style and the cultural attractions in a warmer clime.（分数：1.00）A.tranquilB.sociableC.inactiveD.undisturbed2.Some of the plans provisions have already aroused opposition,
2、 most notably from Pope John Paul .（分数：1.00）A.clausesB.interpretationsC.interrelationsD.depreciations3.Nothing is less sensible than the advice of the Duke of Cambridge who is to be reported to have said: “Any change, at any time, for any reason is to be deplored.“（分数：1.00）A.emulatedB.ridiculedC.com
3、plicatedD.lamented4.Most of the 33 newly discovered planets giant gas bags swing so erratically that they create havoc on any smaller, nearby, life-friendly planets.（分数：1.00）A.destructionB.benefitsC.chaosD.violence5.Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed, with plenty of money for top
4、flight staff, travel, and television commercials.（分数：1.00）A.dubiouslyB.potentlyC.profuselyD.candidly6.In fact, a number of recent developments suggest that new media may actually be the salvation of old media; that online newspapers, Webzines, and e-books could preserve and extend the best aspects o
5、f the print culture while augmenting it with their various technological advantages.（分数：1.00）A.limitingB.maintainingC.distinguishingD.increasing7.Every modern government, liberal or otherwise, has a specific position in the field of ideas; its stability is vulnerable to critics in proportion to thei
6、r ability and persuasiveness.（分数：1.00）A.futileB.susceptibleC.feasibleD.flexible8.Parties are therefore free to strive for a settlement without jeopardizing their chances for or in a trial if mediation is unsuccessful.（分数：1.00）A.assuringB.increasingC.endangeringD.destroying9.They make better use of t
7、he time they have, and they are less likely to succumb to fatigue in stressful jobs.（分数：1.00）A.sustainB.yieldC.endureD.expose10.It disgusted him when atheists attacked religion: he thought they were vulgar.（分数：1.00）A.insultingB.base-mindedC.roughD.vicious二、BSection B/B(总题数：10，分数：10.00)11.From the ti
8、me of the Greeks to the Great War, medicines job was simple: to struggle with _ diseases and gross disabilities, to ensure live births, and to manage pain.（分数：1.00）A.immortalB.immuneC.lethalD.toxic12.This is a market in which enterprising businesses _ for the demands of teenagers and older youths in
9、 all their rock mania and pop-art forms.（分数：1.00）A.caterB.entitleC.appealD.subject13.It must guide public opinion, after presenting _ both sides of every issue and pointing out to readers what measures seem to promise the greater good for the greater number.（分数：1.00）A.inquisitivelyB.inconceivablyC.a
10、ppallinglyD.impartially14.Brushing removes larger particles, but dentists suggest brushing the back of the tongue as well, where food residues and bacteria _.（分数：1.00）A.flourishB.collaborateC.embarkD.congregate15.American literary historians are perhaps _ to viewing their own national scene too narr
11、owly, mistaking prominence for uniqueness.（分数：1.00）A.proneB.legibleC.incompatibleD.prior16.To many people, a husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family - they need children to enrich the circle, to _ family character and to gather the redemptive influence of offspring.（分数：1.00）A.repressB.int
12、imidateC.validateD.confine17.The 1982 Oil and Gas Act gives power to permit the disposal of assets held by the Corporation. And _ the Corporations statutory monopoly in the supply of gas for fuel purposes so as to permit private companies to compete in this supply.（分数：1.00）A.defersB.curtailsC.trigge
13、rsD.sparks18.These people actively try to _ what they believe to be bad English and assiduously cultivate what they hope to be good English.（分数：1.00）A.suppressB.regressC.enhanceD.revive19.It must guarantee freedom of expression, to the end that all _ to the flow of ideas shall be removed.（分数：1.00）A.
14、propheciesB.transactionsC.argumentsD.hindrances20.As we have seen, propaganda can appeal to us by arousing our emotions or _, our attention from the real issues at hand.（分数：1.00）A.retainingB.sustainingC.distractingD.obscuring三、BPart Grammar(总题数：10，分数：10.00)21.(Relying on) these convenient metaphors,
15、 politicians and military commanders do not see, or do not want to see, what these metaphors (hide): the reality of pain and death, the long-term health effects (for the injury), the psychological (effect on veterans), the environmental effects, not to mention the moral aspects of war.（分数：1.00）A.Rel
16、ying onB.hideC.for the injuryD.effect on veterans22.Categories, we found, (must) be seen (in) their conceptual context, against the background of larger cognitive models, and it is obvious that these models will, (to) some point, have to include (sequencing) in time.（分数：1.00）A.mustB.inC.toD.sequenci
17、ng23.We (are obliged) to grow up in skepticism, requiring proofs for every assertion about nature, (but) there is no way out (except) to move ahead and plug away, hoping for comprehension in the future (but) living in a condition of intellectual instability for long time.（分数：1.00）A.are obligedB.butC
18、.exceptD.but24.But (as) a historian. Graves should be aware that James Clerk Maxwells brilliant insight about electromagnetism-the guess that visible light is only one small slice of the spectrum of (electromagnetic) energy, a guess that forms the basis (for) electronics technology(is) an intuitive
19、leap into the unknown.（分数：1.00）A.asB.electromagneticC.forD.is25.I suggest transforming our social system from a (bureaucratically management industrialism) in which maximal production and consumption are ends in (themselves) (in the Soviet Union as well as in the capitalist countries) into a humanis
20、t industrialism (in which) man and full development of his potentialities those of love and of reason (are the aims) of all social arrangements.（分数：1.00）A.bureaucratically management industrialismB.themselvesC.in whichD.are the aims26.Perhaps all societies (are significantly more advanced) than our
21、own have achieved an effective personal immortality and lose the motivation for interstellar gallivanting, which (may), (for all we know), (be) a typical urge only of adolescent civilizations.（分数：1.00）A.are significantly more advancedB.mayC.for all we knowD.be27.(In an effort to) produce the largest
22、, fastest, most luxurious ship afloat, the British built the Titanic. It was so superior to (anythingon) (the seas) that it (was dubbed) “unsinkable.“（分数：1.00）A.In an effort toB.anythingonC.the seasD.was dubbed28.Her own interests as a mother (brought into) play by her (concern over) the education a
23、nd welfare of her children, the city (in which) they lived, (and such) municipal facilities as playgrounds, schools and parks.（分数：1.00）A.brought intoB.concern overC.in whichD.and such29.The concern (has been) that the embryo bank (might be) exploited (by unscrupulous), or that conception might prece
24、de birth by nine or even ninety years, (rather than) by nine months.（分数：1.00）A.has beenB.might beC.by unscrupulousD.rather than30.Within the arid regions (in which) their culture developed, the Bedouin camel- breeding tribes have maintained a distinctive pattern and a dominant position (over) other
25、societies and settlements through virtue of their ability to exploit grazing ranges.（分数：1.00）A.in whichB.overC.settlementsD.through四、BSection B/B(总题数：10，分数：10.00)31.Rather than doing this via auction or through private art dealers they can give them to the government, which buys them at an agreed pr
26、ice _ them（分数：1.00）A.after having, independently valuedB.after having, independently valuableC.by having, independently valuelessD.by having, independently value32.So if you are in a tea room somewhere and there is a group of high-spirited women wearing red hats and purple dresses, you will know _ a
27、re merely taking advantage of one of the most effective and inexpensive antidotes for aging acceptance laced with. humor.（分数：1.00）A.weB.youC.theyD.the red hats and purple dresses33.Imagine the psychological impact upon a foe of encountering squads of seemingly invincible warriors _ armor and _ super
28、human capabilities.（分数：1.00）A.protecting with, endowing byB.protecting by, endowing withC.protected with, endowed byD.protected by, endowed with34._ how the immature brain prevents seizure-induced cell injury or death could lead to new methods to reduce or prevent seizure damage in adults.（分数：1.00）A
29、.To understandB.To be understoodC.Having been understoodD.Understanding35.There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer than _ in the public today.（分数：1.00）A.existsB.existC.existingD.existed36.He said the most unusual aspect of the Mexican trial was that the 12 teenagers w
30、ere not given any drugs to suppress their immune systems, _ would normally destroy any cells from other animals.（分数：1.00）A.at whichB.whichC.to whichD.as37.Because it takes longer to install and involves some tinkering to get it to work just right, its best for more experienced users. But, oh, what j
31、oy! _ a detailed log of every ad it annihilates, _ it makes a satisfying thunk when it nabs one.（分数：1.00）A.Not only Killer keeps, but alsoB.Not only does Killer keep, /C.Only Killer keeps, andD.Only if Killer keeps, /38.And while we _ have a great deal of trouble adjusting to a climate that gets 2 d
32、egrees centigrade warmer over the next century, an ice age by mid-century-be unimaginably devastating.（分数：1.00）A.might, couldB.could, mightC.would, mightD.might, would39.The most versatile _ embryonic stem cells, which _ found in the embryo at the earliest stage of development and can grow into any
33、part of the body.（分数：1.00）A.are, areB.is, isC.are, isD.is, are40._ there is a logical connection between all the things that happen in that immensely connected body of salted water that covers 71 percent of the surface of the earth.（分数：1.00）A.I dawn upon it thatB.It dawns upon me thatC.I dawn upon t
34、his thatD.This dawns upon me that五、BPart Reading (总题数：4，分数：20.00)BDirections:/B Answer all the questions based on the information in the passages below.Passage 1In the preceding chapter, economic welfare was taken broadly to consist of that group of satisfactions and dissatisfactions which can be br
35、ought into relation with a money measure. We have now to observe that this relation is not a direct one, but is mediated through desires and aversions. That is to say, the money that a person is prepared to offer for a thing measures directly, not the satisfaction he will get from the thing, but-the
36、 intensity of his desire for it. This distinction, obvious when stated, has been somewhat obscured for English-speaking students by the employment of the term utility - which naturally carries an association with satisfaction - to represent intensity of desire. Thus, when one thing is desired by a p
37、erson more keenly than another, it is said to possess a greater utility to that person. Several writers have endeavored to get rid of the confusion which this use of words generates by substituting “utility“ in the above sense for some other term, such as “desirability“. The term “desiredness“ seems
38、, however, to be preferable, because, since it cannot be taken to have any ethical implication, it is less ambiguous. I shall myself employ that term.Generally speaking, everybody prefers present pleasures or satisfactions of given magnitude to future pleasures or satisfactions of equal magnitude, e
39、ven when the latter are perfectly certain to occur. But this preference for present pleasures does not - the idea is self-contradictory - imply that a present pleasure of given magnitude is any greater than a future pleasure of the same magnitude. It implies only that our telescopic faculty is defec
40、tive, and that we, therefore, see future pleasures, as it were, on a diminished scale. That this is the right explanation is proved by the fact that exactly the same diminution is experienced when, apart from our tendency to forget ungratifying incidents, we contemplate the past.Our analysis also su
41、ggests that economic welfare could be increased by some rightly chosen degree of differentiation in favor of saving. Nobody, of course, holds that the State should force its citizens to act as though so much objective wealth now and in the future were of exactly equal importance. In view of the unce
42、rtainty of productive developments, to say nothing of the mortality of nations and eventually of the human race itself, this would not, even in the extremest theory, be sound policy. But there is wide agreement that the State should protect the interests of the future in some degree against the effe
43、cts of our irrational discounting and of our preference for ourselves over our descendants. The whole movement for “conservation“ in the United States is based on this conviction.It is the clear duty of Government, which is the trustee for unborn generations as well as for its present citizens, to w
44、atch over, and, if need be, by legislative enactment, to defend, the exhaustible natural resources of the country from rash and reckless spoliation.Plainly, if we assume adequate competence on the part of governments, there is a valid case for some artificial encouragement to investment, particularl
45、y to investments the return from which will only begin to appear after the lapse of many years. It must, however, be remembered that, so long as people are left free to decide for themselves how much work they will do, interference, by fiscal or any other means , with the way they employ the resourc
46、es that their work yields to them may react to diminish the aggregate amount of this work and so of those resources.Comprehension Questions:（分数：5.00）(1).What does, according to the author, economic welfare consist of?（分数：1.00）A.a general sense of contentment with any individual being part of a group
47、B.a basic duality or dichotomy between the amount of pleasures that one individual can experience and discontentmentC.the act of measuring the amount of gratifications and dissatisfactions with a measure of valueD.the relentless idea that people have to forfeit in expiation for their pleasures(2).In
48、 the opening paragraph, why does the author prefer to use the term “desiredness“?（分数：1.00）A.Because it seems more catchy and refers to a specific semantic field.B.Because nobody else has ever used the word before, it therefore exemplifies the authors original and unique ideas.C.Because it helps nati
49、ve English speakers to grasp the conceptual idea expressed in this passage.D.Because it clears any misunderstanding relating to the distinction made in the first paragraph.(3).In the second paragraph, why is the word “greater“ in italics?（分数：1.00）A.Because the pleasure a person can experience in the present will always be regarded as the most important.B.Because the author is insisting on the falsity and inner opposition of
