1、中国科学院硕士英语-5 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PAPER ONE(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、PART VOCABULARY(总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.Ten years ago, a house with a decent bathroom was a _ symbol among university professors.（分数：0.50）A.postB.statusC.positionD.place2.It would be far better if collectors could be persuaded to spend the
2、ir time and money in support of _ archaeological research.（分数：0.50）A.legibleB.legitimateC.legislativeD.illicit3.We seek a society that has at its _ a respect for the dignity and worth of the individual.（分数：0.50）A.endB.handC.coreD.best4.A variety of problems have greatly _ the country“s normal educat
3、ional development.（分数：0.50）A.impededB.impartedC.imploredD.implemented5.A good education is an asset you can _ for the rest of your life.（分数：0.50）A.spell outB.call uponC.fall overD.resort to6.Oil can change a society more _ than anyone could ever have imagined.（分数：0.50）A.grosslyB.severelyC.rapidlyD.d
4、rastically7.Beneath its myriad rules, the fundamental purpose of _ is to make the world a more pleasant place to live in, and you a more pleasant person to live with.（分数：0.50）A.elitismB.eloquenceC.eminenceD.etiquette8.The New Testament was not only written in Greek language, but ideas derived from G
5、reek philosophy were _ in many parts of it.（分数：0.50）A.alteredB.criticizedC.incorporatedD.translated9.Nobody will ever know the agony I go _ waiting for him to come home.（分数：0.50）A.overB.withC.downD.through10.While a country“s economy is becoming the most promising in the world, its people should be
6、more _ about their quality of life.（分数：0.50）A.discriminatingB.distributingC.disagreeingD.disclosing11.Cheated by two boys whom he had trust on, Joseph promised to _ them.（分数：0.50）A.find fault withB.make the most ofC.look down uponD.get even with12.The Minister“s _ answer let to an outcry from the Op
7、position.（分数：0.50）A.impressiveB.evasiveC.intensiveD.exhaustive13.In proportion as the _ between classes within the nation disappears the hostility of one nation to another will come to an end.（分数：0.50）A.intoleranceB.pessimismC.injusticeD.antagonism14.Everyone does their own thing, to the point where
8、 a fifth-grade teacher can“t _ on a fourth-grade teacher having taught certain things.（分数：0.50）A.countB.insistC.fallD.dwell15.When the fire broke out in the building, the people lost their _ and ran into the elevator.（分数：0.50）A.heartsB.tempersC.headsD.senses16.Consumers deprived of the information a
9、nd advice they needed were quite simply _ every cheat in the marketplace.（分数：0.50）A.at the mercy ofB.in lieu ofC.by courtesy ofD.for the price of17.In fact the purchasing power of a single person“s pension in Hong Kong was only 70 per cent of the value of the _ Singapore pension.（分数：0.50）A.equivalen
10、tB.similarC.consistentD.identical18.He became aware that he had lost his audience since he had not been able to talk _.（分数：0.50）A.honestlyB.graciouslyC.coherentlyD.flexibly19.The novel, which is a work of art, exists not by its _ life, but by its immeasurable difference from life.（分数：0.50）A.signific
11、ance inB.imagination atC.resemblance toD.predominance over20.She was artful and could always _ her parents in the end.（分数：0.50）A.shout downB.get roundC.comply withD.pass over三、PART CLOZE TEST(总题数：1，分数：15.00)We are entering a period in which rapid population growth, the presence of deadly weapons, an
12、d dwindling resources will bring international tensions to dangerous levels for an extended period. Indeed, 1 seems no reason for these levels of danger to subside unless population equilibrium is 2 and some rough measure of fairness reached in the distribution of wealth among nations. 3 of adequate
13、 magnitude imply a willingness to redistribute income internationally on a more generous 4 than the advanced nations have evidenced within their own domains. The required increases in 5 in the backward regions would necessitate gigantic applications of energy merely to extract the 6 resources. It is
14、 uncertain whether the requisite energy-producing technology exists, and more serious, 7 that its application would bring us to the threshold of an irreversible change in climate 8 a consequence of the enormous addition of manmade heat to the atmosphere. It is this 9 problem that poses the most dema
15、nding and difficult of the challenges. The existing 10 of industrial growth, with no allowance for increased industrialization to repair global poverty, hold 11 the risk of entering the danger zone of climatic change in as 12 as three or four generations. If the trajectory is in fact pursued, indust
16、rial growth will 13 have to come to an immediate halt, for another generation or two along that 14 would literally consume human, perhaps all life. The terrifying outcome can be postponed only to the extent that the wastage of heat can be reduced, 15 that technologies that do not add to the atmosphe
17、ric heat burdenfor example, the use of solar energycan be utilized. (1996)（分数：15.00）A.oneB.itC.thisD.thereA.achievedB.succeededC.producedD.executedA.TransfersB.TransactionsC.TransportsD.TranscriptsA.extentB.scaleC.measureD.rangeA.outgrowthB.outcropC.outputD.outcomeA.neededB.needyC.needlessD.needingA
18、.possibleB.possiblyC.probableD.probablyA.inB.withC.asD.toA.leastB.lateC.latestD.lastA.raceB.paceC.faceD.laceA.onB.upC.downD.outA.lessB.fewerC.manyD.littleA.ratherB.hardlyC.thenD.yetA.lineB.moveC.driveD.trackA.ifB.orC.whileD.as四、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Section A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、Passage One
19、(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The writing of a historical synthesis involves integrating the materials available to the historian into a comprehensible whole. The problem in writing a historical synthesis is how to find a pattern in, or impose a pattern upon, the detailed information that has already been used to
20、explain the causes for a historical event. A synthesis seeks common elements in which to interpret the contingent parts of a historical event. The initial step, therefore, in writing a historical synthesis, is to put the event to be synthesized in a proper historical perspective, so that the common
21、elements or strands making up the event can be determined. This can be accomplished by analyzing the historical event as part of a general trend or continuum in history. The common elements that are familiar to the event will become the ideological framework in which the historian seeks to synthesiz
22、e. This is not to say that any factor will not have a greater relative value in the historian“s handling of the interrelated when viewed in a broad historical perspective. The historian, in synthesizing, must determine the extent to which the existing hypotheses have similar trends. A general trend
23、line, once established, will enable these similar trends to be correlated and paralleled within the conceptual framework of a common base. A synthesis further seeks to determine, from existing hypotheses, why an outcome took the direction it did; thus, it necessitates reconstructing the spirit of th
24、e times in order to assimilate the political, social, psychological, etc., factors within a common base. As such, the synthesis becomes the logical construct in interpreting the common ground between an original explanation of an outcome (thesis) and the reinterpretation of the outcome along differe
25、nt lines (antithesis). Therefore, the synthesis necessitates the integration of the materials available into a comprehensible whole which will in turn provide a new historical perspective for the event being synthesized.（分数：5.00）(1).The author would mostly be concerned with _.（分数：1.00）A.finding the
26、most important cause for a particular historical eventB.determining when hypotheses need to be reinterpretedC.imposing a pattern upon varying interpretations for the causes of a particular historical eventD.attributing many conditions that together lead to a particular historical event or to single
27、motive(2).The most important preliminary step in writing a historical synthesis would be _.（分数：1.00）A.to accumulate sufficient reference material to explain an eventB.analyzing the historical event to determine if a “single theme theory“ apples to the eventC.determining the common strands that make
28、up a historical eventD.interpreting historical factors to determine if one factor will have relatively greater value(3).The best definition for the term “historical synthesis“ would be _.（分数：1.00）A.combining elements of different material into a unified wholeB.a tentative theory set forth as an expl
29、anation for an eventC.the direct opposite of the original interpretation of an eventD.interpreting historical material to prove that history repeats itself(4).A historian seeks to reconstruct the “spirit“ of a time period because _.（分数：1.00）A.the events in history are more important than the people
30、who make historyB.existing hypotheses are adequate in explaining historical eventsC.this is the best method to determine the single most important cause for a particular actionD.varying factors can be assimilated within a common base(5).Which of the following statements would the author consider fal
31、se?（分数：1.00）A.One factor in a historical synthesis will not have a greater value than other factorsB.It is possible to analyze common unifying points in hypothesesC.Historical events should be studied as part of a continuum in historyD.A synthesis seeks to determine why an outcome took the direction
32、 it did七、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：5.00)When you call the police, the police dispatcher has to locate the car nearest you that is free to respond. This means the dispatcher has to keep track of the status and location of every police carnot an easy task for a large department. Another problem, which aris
33、es when cars are assigned to regular patrols, is that the patrols may be too regular. If criminals find out that police cars will pass a particular location at regular intervals, they simply plan their crimes for times when no patrol is expected. Therefore, patrol cars should pass by any particular
34、location at random times; the fact that a car just passed should be no guarantee that another one is not just around the corner. Yet simply ordering the officers to patrol at random would lead to chaos. A computer dispatching system can solve both these problems. The computer has no trouble keeping
35、track of the status and location of each car. With this information, it can determine instantly which car should respond to an incoming call. And with the aid of a pseudorandom number generator, the computer can assign routine patrols so that criminals can“t predict just when a police car will pass
36、through a particular area. (Before computers, police sometimes used roulette wheels and similar devices to make random assignments.) Computers also can relieve police officers from constantly having to report their status. The police car would contain a special automatic radio transmitter and receiv
37、er. The officer would set a dial on this unit indicating the current status of the carpatrolling, directing traffic, chasing a speeder, answering a call, out to lunch, and so on. When necessary, the computer at headquarters could poll the car for its status. The voice radio channels would not be clo
38、gged with cars constantly reporting what they were doing. A computer in the car automatically could determine the location of the car, perhaps using the LORAN method. The location of the car also would be sent automatically to the headquarters computer.（分数：5.00）(1).The best title for this passage sh
39、ould be _.（分数：1.00）A.Computers and CrimesB.Patrol Car DispatchingC.The Powerful ComputersD.The Police with Modern Equipment(2).A police dispatcher is NOT supposed to _.（分数：1.00）A.locate every patrol carB.guarantee cars on regular patrolsC.keep in touch with each police carD.find out which car should
40、 respond to the incoming call(3).If the patrols are too regular, _.（分数：1.00）A.the dispatchers will be bored with itB.the officers may become carelessC.the criminals may take advantage of itD.the streets will be in a state of chaos(4).The computer dispatching system is particularly good at _.（分数：1.00
41、）A.assigning cars to regular patrolsB.responding to the incoming callsC.ordering officers to report their locationD.making routine patrols unpredictable(5).According to the account in the last paragraph, how can a patrol car be located without computers?（分数：1.00）A.Police officers report their status
42、 constantlyB.The headquarters poll the car for its statusC.A radio transmitter and receiver is installed in a carD.A dial in the car indicates its current status八、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：5.00)A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same wor
43、ds, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on the printed text, so muc
44、h the better. A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impulse. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not.
45、Aggressive, destructive, sadistic impulses every child has and, on the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seem to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are, I think, well-authenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Of
46、ten, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered. There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witc
47、hes, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc., do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to a
48、rgue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girl-friend. No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external worl
49、d and no sane child has ever believed that it was.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the author, the best way to retell a story to a child is to _.（分数：1.00）A.tell it in a creative wayB.take from it what the child likesC.add to it whatever at handD.read it out of the story book(2).In the second paragraph, which statement best expresses the author“s attitude towards fairy stories?（分数：1.00）A.He sees in them the worst of human natureB.He dislikes everyth
