1、中国科学院考博英语-1 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart VOCABULA(总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.The chairman of the company said that new techniques had _ improved their production efficiency.（分数：0.50）A.violentlyB.severelyC.extremelyD.radically2.While he was in Beijing, he spent all his time _ some important museums and
2、buildings.（分数：0.50）A.visitingB.travelingC.watchingD.touting3.During the famine, many people were _ to going without food for days.（分数：0.50）A.sunkB.reducedC.forcedD.declined4.The local authorities realized the need to make _ for elderly people in their housing programmes.（分数：0.50）A.preparationB.requi
3、rementC.specificationD.provision5.In the present economic _ we can make even greater progress than previously.（分数：0.50）A.airB.moodC.areaD.climate6.As a developing country, we must keep _ with the rapid development of the world economy.（分数：0.50）A.moveB.stepC.speedD.pace7.As the director cant come to
4、the reception, Im representing the company_.（分数：0.50）A.on his accountB.on his behalfC.for his partD.in his interest8.Many people are _ to insect bites, and some even have to go to hospital.（分数：0.50）A.insensitiveB.allergicC.sensibleD.infected9.In winter drivers have trouble stopping their cars from _
5、 on icy roads.（分数：0.50）A.skatingB.skiddingC.slidingD.slipping10.The guest team was beaten by the host team 2 _ 4 in last years CFA Cup Final.（分数：0.50）A.overB.inC.toD.against11.The motorist had to _ to avoid knocking the old woman down in the middle of the road.（分数：0.50）A.swerveB.twistC.departD.swing
6、12.This project would _ a huge increase in defense spending.（分数：0.50）A.resultB.assureC.entailD.accomplish13.We should make a clear _ between “competent“ and “proficient“ for the purposes of our discussion.（分数：0.50）A.separationB.divisionC.distinctionD.difference14.When youre driving on a motorway, yo
7、u must obey the signs telling you to get into the right _ .（分数：0.50）A.wayB.trackC.roadD.lane15.Dreams are _ in themselves, but, when combined with other data, they can tell us much about the dreamer.（分数：0.50）A.uninformativeB.startlingC.harmlessD.uncontrollable16.The diversity of tropical plants in t
8、he region represents a seemingly _ source of raw materials, of which only a few have been utilized.（分数：0.50）A.exploitedB.controversialC.inexhaustibleD.remarkable17.You must let me have the annual report without _ by ten oclock tomorrow morning.（分数：0.50）A.failureB.hesitationC.troubleD.fall18.The poli
9、ce let him go, because they didnt find him guilty _ the murder.（分数：0.50）A.ofB.inC.overD.on19.The chances of a repetition of those unfortunate events are _ in deed.（分数：0.50）A.distantB.slimC.unlikelyD.narrow20.Rite of Passage is a good novel by any standards; _ , it should rank high on any list of sci
10、ence fiction.（分数：0.50）A.consistentlyB.consequentlyC.invariablyD.fortunately二、BPart CLOZE TE(总题数：1，分数：15.00)For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the four choices given below. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on y
11、our Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Depending on whether you believe in principle or the art of the possible, the United Nations new proposal for the future of Western Sahara is either a betrayal or a doggedU 21 /Uat a settlement. It suggests that for the next four years Western Sahara should be a part
12、 of MoroccoU 22 /UwillU 23 /Uthe Moroccan flag andU 24 /Uthe Moroccan constitution, but at the same time it will be“ autonomous“. After four years there may-but only may-be a referendum to decide whether it stays Moroccan or becomes a separate state.Morocco invaded this comer of north-west Africa in
13、 1975 when the old colonial power, Spain, was preparing toU 25 /Uout. The International Court of Justice ruled the Moroccan occupationU 26 /U, and a nasty little war ensued between Morocco and an independence movement, the Polisario Front. They signed aU 27 /Uin 1991 ,and agreed to a vote on the fut
14、ure of the territory,U 28 /Uby the UN.Instead of grindingU 29 /Uan appeals procedure, or declaring Morocco to be inU 30 /U, the UN now appears to have decided to abandon the whole exercise. The result may be virtually to hand the countryU 31 /Uto Morocco.The new plan, drawn up by James Baker, a form
15、er American secretary of state,U 32 /Uthat the agreed list of voters should elect an executive that will.U 33 /Uthe countrys internal affairs for the next four years.U 34 /U,this executive will be responsible to an assembly elected by all adults now living in the territory, most ofU 35 /Uare pro-Mor
16、occan. After four years the assembly will appoint a new executive. Morocco will also appoint the judges and be responsible for law and order during the transition.（分数：15.00）A.attemptB.effortC.tryD.endeavorA.whereB.thatC.in whichD.whatA.flyB.be fliedC.flyingD.fliedA.byB.inC.atD.underA.dragB.drawC.pul
17、lD.haulA.legallyB.illegallyC.conventionallyD.unconventionallyA.contractB.peaceC.ceasefireD.treatyA.controlledB.overseenC.supervisedD.administratedA.throughB.byC.inD.atA.failureB.defaultC.irresponsibilityD.responsibilityA.overB.inC.downD.onA.offersB.advisesC.intendsD.proposesA.manipulateB.ruleC.contr
18、olD.runA.MoreoverB.HoweverC.ThereforeD.HenceA.whomB.thatC.whichD.who三、BPart READING (总题数：5，分数：30.00)Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Read each passage carefully, an
19、d then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.In addition to redistributing incomes, inflation may affect the total real income and production of the
20、 community. An increase in prices is usually associated with high employment. In moderate inflation, industries are operating efficiently and output is near capacity. There is a great deal of private investment and jobs are plentiful. Such has been the historical pattern. Thus many business persons
21、and union leaders, in evaluating a little deflation and a little inflation, consider the latter to be the lesser of two evils. In mild inflation, the losses to fixed-income groups are usually less than gains to the rest of the community. Even worker with relatively fixed wages are often better off b
22、ecause of improved employment opportunities and greater take-home pay, a rise in interest rates on new securities may partly compensate for any losses to creditor, and increases in pension benefits may partly make losses to retirees.In deflation, on the other hand, the growing unemployment of labor
23、and capital causes the communitys total well-being to be less; so in a sense, the gainers get less than the losers lose. As a matter of fact, in a depression, or a time of severe deflation, almost everyone suffers, including the creditor who is left with uncollectible debts.For these reasons as incr
24、ease in consumption of investment spending is considered good in times of unemployment, even if this tends to increase prices slightly. When the economic system is suffering from severe depression, few people will criticize private or public spending on the ground that this might be inflationary. Ac
25、tually, most of this increased spending will increase production and create jobs. once, full employment and full plant capacity have been reached, however, any further increases in spending are likely to be completely wasted in prices increase.（分数：6.00）(1).“Historical patterns“ mentioned in the pass
26、age means that in mild inflation _ .（分数：1.00）A.there will be more production and employmentB.private investment will be moderate and peoples income influencedC.the bad effects of the two evils will be associated with each otherD.industrial revolution made men and women more equal(2).Which of the fol
27、lowing happens if there is mild inflation?（分数：1.00）A.Everyone loses because of the increase of prices.B.Retired people do experience any influence.C.Creditors gain rather than lose with a rise in interest rates.D.Some people gain more while other lose.(3).In times of inflation _ .（分数：1.00）A.people l
28、ike private or public investmentB.there is usually full plant capacityC.creditors suffer more than other peopleD.everyone suffers and no one gains(4).The authors attitude towards investment is that _ .（分数：1.00）A.the more the investment, the better the economyB.private investment is better than publi
29、c investmentC.investment should be set to a limitD.investment at the time of inflation is considered better than at the time of deflation(5).Which of the following is clearly the authors own opinion?（分数：1.00）A.The lesser of the two evils is not deflation but inflation.B.Peoples income is influenced
30、by both inflation and deflation.C.Investment is good in times of deflation and unemployment.D.Private and public investment can cause inflation during deflation.(6).From the article we can see that the inflation can affect following except _ .（分数：1.00）A.PriceB.EmploymentC.Social wealthD.CapacityPerh
31、aps all criminals should be required to carry cards which read: Fragile; Handle with Care. It will never so, these days to go around referring to criminals as violent thugs. You must refer to them politely as “social misfits“. The professional killer who wouldnt think twice about using his club or k
32、nife to batter some harmless old lady to death in order to rob her of her meager life-savings must never be given a dose of his own medicine. He is in need of “hospital treatment“. According to his misguided defenders, society is to blame. A wicked society breeds evil-or so the argument goes. When y
33、ou listen to this kind of talk, it makes you wonder why we arent all criminals. We have done away with the absurdly harsh laws of the nineteenth century and this is only right. But surely enough is enough. The most senseless piece of criminal legislation in Britain and a number of other countries ha
34、s been the suspension of capital punishment.The violent criminal has become akin of hero-figure in our time. He is glorified on the screen; he is pursued by the press and paid vast sums of money for his “memoirs“. Newspapers which specialize in crime reporting enjoy enormous circulations and the pub
35、lishers of trashy cops and robbers stories or “murder mysteries“ have never had it so good. When you read about the achievements of the great train robbers, it makes you wonder whether you are reading about the some glorious resistance movement. The hardened criminal is cuddled and cosseted by the s
36、ociologists on the one hand and adored as a hero by the masses on the other. Its no wonder he is a privileged person who expects and receives VIP treatment wherever he goes.Capital punishment used to be a major deterrent. It made the violent robber think twice before pulling the trigger. It gave the
37、 cold-blooded poisoner something to ponder about while he was shaking up or serving his arsenic cocktail. It prevented unarmed policemen from being killed while pursuing their duty by killers armed with automatic weapons. Above all, it protected the most vulnerable members of society, young children
38、, from brutal violence. It is horrifying to think that the criminal can literally get away with murder. We all know that “life sentence“ does not mean what it says. After ten years or so of good comfortably, thank you, on the proceeds of his crime, of he will go on committing offences until he is ca
39、ught again. People axe always willing to hold liberal views at the expense of others. Its always fashionable to pose as the defender of under-dog, so long as you, personally, remain unaffected. Did the defenders of crime, one wonders, in their desire for fair-play, consult the victims before they su
40、spended capital punishment? Hardly. You see, they couldnt, because all the victims were dead.（分数：6.00）(1).What is the main idea of the text?（分数：1.00）A.Society is to blame for the rising crime.B.All the criminals are to be sympathized.C.Crime defenders have done a lot for criminals.D.Severe punishmen
41、t should be used to prevent crime.(2).In the authors opinion, all the following are to blame for crime EXCEPT _ .（分数：1.00）A.societyB.the criminals themselvesC.the suspension of life sentenceD.the defenders role(3).The word “deterrent“ (Line I, Para. 3) most probably means“ _ “.（分数：1.00）A.threatB.del
42、ayC.determinationD.hindrance(4).What is the tone of the text?（分数：1.00）A.Critical.B.Cynical.C.Ironic.D.Humorous.(5).What is the authors attitude toward capital punishment?（分数：1.00）A.Negative.B.Sympathetic.C.Supportive.D.Neutral.(6).From third passage we can see that _.（分数：1.00）A.Capital punishment is
43、 really effectiveB.Capital punishment may workC.Capital punishmentD.Capital punishment is sure to protect the policeman in other handThe gravitational pull of the Earth and moon is important to us as we attempt to conquer more and more of outer-space. Heres why.As a rocket leaves the Earth, the pull
44、 of the Earth on it becomes less and less as the rocket roars out into space. If you imagine a line between the Earth the pull of the Earth and the moon, there is a point somewhere along that line, nearer to the moon than to the Earth, at which the gravitation pull of both the Earth and the moon on
45、an object is just about equal. An object placed on the moon side of that point would be drawn to the moon. An object placed on the Earth side of that point would be drawn to the Earth. Therefore, a rocket need be sent only to this “point of no return“ in order to get it to the moon. The moons gravit
46、y will pull it the rest of the way.The return trip of the rocket to Earth is, in some ways, less of a problem. The Earths gravitational field reaches far closer to the moon than does the moons to Earth. Thus it will be necessary to fire an Earthbound rocket only a few thousand miles away from the mo
47、on to reach a point where the rocket will drift to earth under the Earths gravitational pull.The problem of rocket travel is not so much concerned with getting the rocket into space as it is with guiding the rocket after it leaves the Earths surface. Remember that the moon is constantly circling the
48、 Earth. A rocket fired at the moon and continuing in the direction in which it was fired would miss the moon by a wide margin and perhaps continue to drift out into space until “captured“ in another planets gravitational field. to reach the moon, a rocket must be fired toward the point where the moon will be when the rocket has traveled the required distance. This requires precise calculations of the speed and direction of the rocket and of the speed and direction of the moon.For a rocket to arrive at a point where the moons gravity will pull it the rest of the way, it must reach a speed c
