【考研类试卷】同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语-45及答案解析.doc
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1、同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语-45 及答案解析(总分:99.99,做题时间:90 分钟)四、Test One(总题数:1,分数:24.00)New research shows that when people“s minds drifted from the task or activity at hand, they reported being less happy than when they were fully engaged in whatever they were doing. The human mind is uniquely capable of wanderingth
2、at is, to ponder things that have happened, to anticipate things that will happen, and to plan for things that might happen, explained study author Matthew Killingsworth, a doctoral candidate in psychology at Harvard University. The ability is one of the traits that makes human beings human, he note
3、d. Yet, cognitive wandering comes at a cost, which is that when people are thinking about something other than what they“re doing, they feel less happy, the researchers discovered. “Human beings seem to have this unique capacity to focus on the non-present. They have the ability to reflect on the pa
4、st, plan for the future and imagine things that might never occur,“ Killingsworth said. “But at the same time, human beings are clumsy (不得当的) users of this capacity and it tends to decrease, rather than increase, happiness.“ In the study, 2,250 participants were prompted at random times throughout t
5、he day using an iPhone Web application. They were asked how they were feeling, what they were doing, if they were thinking about something other than what they were doing and whether whatever they were contemplating was pleasant (say, daydreaming about a vacation), unpleasant (perhaps worrying about
6、 a relationship or finances) or neutral in nature. According to the study, participants spent nearly 47 percent of their waking hours with their mind in a wandering state. “This study shows that our mental lives are pervaded, to a remarkable degree, by the non-present,“ Killingsworth said. That is,
7、with one notable exception. When describing what they were doing, participants could choose from 22 activities, including walking, eating, shopping, watching TV, commuting and working. Generally, people also reported being the happiest when exercising or conversing. They said they were least happy w
8、hen resting or sleeping, working or using a home computer. When it came to what they were thinking about, 42.5 percent thought of pleasant topics, 26.5 percent thought of unpleasant topics, while 31 percent were thinking neutral thoughts. And while people who were thinking of pleasant things were ha
9、ppier than people thinking of unpleasant things, even those thinking happy thoughts were less happy than people who were fully engaged in whatever they were doing. Barbara Becker Holstein, a psychologist and “happiness coach“ in Long Branch, N.J., said the findings speak to the importance of doing t
10、hings that provide a sense of purpose and meaning. Such activities make it easier to stay focused, Holstein explained. “This research is incredible and fascinating,“ Holstein said. “But long before the research, psychologists and many educators recognized that in order to feel a sense of wellbeing,
11、you need to feel you have purpose and meaning in life. That means you are containing the mind around certain projects and activities, and are forcing the mind not to be all over the place all day long.“(分数:24.00)(1).What did the researchers discover according to the passage?(分数:4.00)A.The human mind
12、 is capable of wandering.B.The human mind is much complicated.C.People will not be much happy if not engaged.D.People“s mind often drifts from things at hand.(2).What is the attitude of Matthew Killingsworth toward human ability to wander?(分数:4.00)A.Favorable.B.Suspicious.C.Detached.D.Negative.(3).T
13、he word “contemplating“ (Para. 5) most probably means _.(分数:4.00)A.WanderingB.ConfusingC.WorryingD.Planning(4).Which of the following is TRUE according to Matthew Killingsworth“s study?(分数:4.00)A.People feel the happiest when thinking about pleasant things.B.People feel less happy when idling rather
14、 than engaged.C.People feel least happy when thinking about unpleasant things.D.People feel less happy when doing a lot of exercises.(5).What does the phrase “speak to“ (Para. 11) mean in the passage?(分数:4.00)A.Mention.B.Explain.C.Recommend.D.Demonstrate.(6).According to Barbara Becker Holstein, the
15、 findings of Killingsworth“s study help to demonstrate the importance of(分数:4.00)A.having purpose and meaning in lifeB.thinking about pleasant thingsC.feeling a sense of well-beingD.imaging the future occurrence五、Test Two(总题数:1,分数:20.00)The rapid rise in college costs has caught the attention of Con
16、gress, which is taking steps to at least give the public reason to hope for a break on tuition bills. New legislation, expected to clear the House and Senate after press time on July 31, includes provisions designed to put pressure on colleges, universities, and states to rein in the escalating pric
17、e of a college education. The best potential for doing so, some experts say, lies in the searchable college data that the US Department of Education will post online to bring transparency (透明度) to tuition rates and the “net price“ students pay after receiving aid. One set of lists would spotlight th
18、e 5 percent of institutions with the largest percentage tuition increase over the past three yearsin categories such as public, private, four-year, and two-year. They would have to report to the Ed Department the reasons for the tuition hikes . “There are lists that no college or university wants to
19、 be on. They don“t want to be on The Princeton Review“s Top 10 party school list.and they“re not going to or want to be on the list.saying they have raised their tuition faster than others,“ says Terry Hartle, a senior vice president at the American Council on Education, a higher education advocacy
20、and research group in Washington. But it“s difficult to predict the level of impact such supervision will have, given the variety of factors that affect college pricing, he adds. Within a year of the bill“s passage, students and parents should be able to use online calculators to estimate what any g
21、iven college would cost based on their income level and family situation. Since most students receive financial aid, it“s important for families to see this net price, experts say, rather than simply compare based on the full-charge “sticker price.“ There“s little agreement about how effective these
22、 new requirements of the Higher Education Opportunity Act will be, but many experts say they can“t hurt.(分数:20.00)(1).The word “escalating“ (Para. 2) is closest in meaning to “_“.(分数:4.00)A.sharply increasingB.slowly decreasingC.fiercely competingD.unexpectedly changing(2).According to the passage,
23、which colleges or universities will be more likely to be spotlighted?(分数:4.00)A.Those that do not have the searchable data.B.Those whose tuition rates are not transparent.C.Those whose tuition has increased the fastest.D.Those that are not among the 10 top ones.(3).What does the word “hike“ (Para. 4
24、) most probably mean in the passage?(分数:4.00)A.Increase.B.Change.C.Pressure.D.Concern.(4).It“s hard to anticipate the impact of the new legislation on controlling tuition increase because _.(分数:4.00)A.colleges and universities don“t want to be spotlightedB.colleges and universities refuse to disclos
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