1、同等学历人员申请硕士学位英语-综合填空及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B专项练习 1/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Leo Tolstoy was a Russian writer and moral philosopher, and one of the worlds greatest novelists. He was born on April 30,1828 and died on Feb. 14, 1910. His writings U(1) /U influenced much of 20th-century literature, and his
2、moral U(2) /U helped shape the thinking of several important U(3) /U and political leaders.Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy was born U(4) /U a family of noble landowners at his family U(5) /U south of Moscow. His early education came from tutors at home, but after the deaths of his parents in the 1830s, he
3、was U(6) /U by relatives. He entered Kazan University when he was 16 but preferred to educate himself independently, and in 1847 he U(7) /U his studies without finishing his degree. His next 15 years were very U(8) /U. Tolstoy returned to manage the family estate, with the determination to improve h
4、imself U(9) /U and physically. Alter less than two years, however, he abandoned rural life U(10) /U the pleasures of Moscow. In 1851 Tolstoy traveled to the Caucasus, a region then part of southern Russia, U(11) /U his brother was serving in the army. He was U(12) /U as a volunteer, serving with dis
5、tinction in the Crimean War from 1853 to 1856.Tolstoy began his literary career during his army service, and his first work, the semiautobiographical short novel Childhood U(13) /U was published in 1852, brought him fame. A series of other stories U(14) /U , and when he left the army in 1856 he was
6、acknowledged as a rising new talent in literature.Tolstoy achieved great literary fame during his lifetime, both in Russia and abroad. Thirty-one translations of his works U(15) /U in the year 1887 alone.The most significant part of Tolstoys legacy may be his defense of the individual personality.（分
7、数：15.00）A.previouslyB.primitivelyC.profoundlyD.probablyA.lessonsB.teachingsC.coursesD.lecturesA.mentalB.moralC.superstitiousD.spiritualA.fromB.onC.intoD.ofA.estateB.propertyC.wealthD.assetsA.grownB.raisedC.bredD.ledA.gave upB.gave inC.gave outD.gave offA.unidentifiedB.unfitC.unhealthyD.unsettledA.in
8、tensivelyB.interruptedlyC.intellectuallyD.intelligentlyA.forB.withC.beyondD.overA.thatB.whereC.whatD.whichA.recruitedB.joinedC.enjoyedD.enclosedA.thenB.whenC.laterD.whichA.kept upB.followedC.came upD.advancedA.publicizedB.translatedC.appearedD.sold二、B专项练习 2/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)In 1975 the Congress of t
9、he United States passed the Education of All Handicapped Children Act, a U(1) /U document in special education that has since U(2) /U numerous amendments. A 1990 amendment renamed the law the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).IDEA requires public schools U(3) /U a free and appropria
10、te education to all disabled children. The law also requires that all children with disabilities between the ages of 3 and 21 receive support services, such as U(4) /U or physical therapy, U(5) /U the type or seriousness of their disability. U(6) /U the provisions of IDEA, schools must U(7) /U all c
11、hildren with disabilities. To do this school officials provide each child with a comprehensive U(8) /U conducted by teachers, the parents, and appropriate specialists, such as children with speech difficulties.IDEA also requires schools to give parents the opportunity to assist in the development an
12、d U(9) /U of their childs education plan. The plan specifies goals for the students education, methods to achieve those goals, and services to be provided. Each students education plan is reviewed U(10) /U. To the maximum extent appropriate, a child with a disability must be educated with children w
13、ho do not have disabilities. In addition, IDEA requires that older children with disabilities receive transition services to assist in the change from school to adult activities, U(11) /U employment, continuing education, and finding a place to live. IDEA provides federal financial support for schoo
14、ls to develop special education programs.Other federal laws prohibit discrimination U(12) /U disability. Section 504 of the Act of 1973 U(13) /U discrimination against individuals with disabilities in public schools and any other federally supported programs. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1
15、990 ensures U(14) /U for individuals with disabilities in all U(15) /U life, including education, the workplace, transportation, and telecommunications.（分数：15.00）A.mileageB.landmarkC.reminderD.monumentA.underminedB.underlinedC.undertakenD.undergoneA.offeringB.offeredC.to offerD.offerA.counselingB.co
16、llaborativeC.compulsoryD.contributedA.regarding toB.in honor ofC.regardless ofD.for the benefit ofA.As far asB.For the sake ofC.Following upD.According toA.identifyB.divideC.recognizeD.knowA.correctionB.speculationC.variationD.evaluationA.reservationB.revisionC.restorationD.restrictionA.punctuallyB.
17、swiftlyC.annuallyD.feasiblyA.for exampleB.as is statedC.rather thanD.such asA.stood atB.prior toC.based onD.taken onA.bansB.bindsC.blendsD.blastsA.allowanceB.accessC.permissionD.admissionA.respect toB.expectations forC.perspective inD.aspects of三、B专项练习 3/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Robert J. Oppenheimer was a
18、famous American physicist, who directed the U(1) /U of the first atomic bombs.Oppenheimer was born in New York City on April 22, 1904, and was educated at Harvard University and the universities of Cambridge. After U(2) /U the International Education Board from 1928 to 1929, he became a professor of
19、 physics at the University of California and the California Institute of Technology, where he built up large U(3) /U of theoretical physics. He was noted for his contributions U(4) /U to the theory of relativity, cosmic rays, and neutron stars.From 1943 to 1945 , Oppenheimer served as director of th
20、e atomic bomb project at Los Alamos, New Mexico. His leadership and organizational skills U(5) /U him the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1946. In 1947 he became director of the Institute for Advanced Studies in Princeton, New Jersey, serving there U(6) /U the year before his death. He was also chair
21、man of the General Advisory Committee of the Atomic Energy Commission from 1947 to 1952 and served U(7) /U as an adviser. In 1954, however, he was suspended from this position U(8) /U his past association with Communists. This action U(9) /U the political atmosphere of the time, as well as the disli
22、ke of some politicians and military U(10) /U for Oppenheimers opposition to development of the hydrogen bomb and his U(11) /U of arms control. His U(12) /U was not really in doubt. U(13) /U, efforts were made to clear his name, and in 1963 the AEC U(14) /U him its highest honor, the Enrico Fermi Awa
23、rd. Oppenheimer U(15) /U his final years to study of the relationship between science and society. He died in Princeton on February 18, 1967.（分数：15.00）A.orientationB.manipulationC.developmentD.managementA.working asB.serving withC.joining toD.taking inA.scholarsB.crewC.groupsD.schoolsA.relatingB.reg
24、ardingC.relatedD.relativeA.dedicatedB.congratulatedC.helpedD.earnedA.yetB.not yetC.not untilD.untilA.thereafterB.therebyC.thereforeD.thereaboutA.in charge ofB.in charge inC.under the charge ofD.on charges withA.reactedB.reflectedC.referredD.recordedA.personnelB.servicesC.figuresD.chiefsA.neglectB.su
25、pportC.indifferenceD.objectionA.betrayB.dishonestC.loyaltyD.disgraceA.ConsequentlyB.FrequentlyC.SignificantlyD.SubsequentlyA.grantedB.greetedC.graspedD.grazedA.depictedB.devotedC.depositedD.deprived四、B专项练习 4/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Metropolitan Museum of Art is located in New York City. It is one of the la
26、rgest and most U(1) /U art museums in the world.In 1866 a group of Americans in Paris, France, gathered at a restaurant to U(2) /U the American Independence Day. After dinner, John Jay, a U(3) /U lawyer gave a speech proposing to create a “national institution and gallery of art. “ During the next f
27、our years, he U(4) /U American civic leaders, art collectors, and others to support the project, and in 1870 the Metropolitan Museum of Art was founded, but it was U(5) /U in two different locations in New York City. In 1880 the museum moved to its present location in Central Park on Fifth Avenue. M
28、any additions have U(6) /U been built around this building. The north and south U(7) /U were completed in 1911 and 1913, U(8) /U Six additional wings have been built since 1975 to house the museums U(9) /U collections, to expand gallery space and educational U(10) /U.The museum has collected more th
29、an three million objects in every known artistic U(11) /U, representing cultures from every part of the world, from ancient times to the present.Popularly known as the Met, the museum is a private U(12) /U. The museum is one of the most popular tourist U(13) /U in the city and about five million peo
30、ple visit it each year. It is also a major educational institution, offering various programs for children and adults. U(14) /U, scholars of archeology and art history U(15) /U advanced research projects at the museum.（分数：15.00）A.comprehensiveB.elaborateC.appropriateD.elegantA.congratulateB.celebrat
31、eC.remarkD.paradeA.privilegedB.primitiveC.proximateD.prominentA.persistedB.guaranteedC.convincedD.trustedA.homedB.settledC.housedD.setA.everB.neverC.asD.sinceA.wingsB.windsC.sectionsD.periodsA.repeatedlyB.relativelyC.respectivelyD.respectfullyA.enlargingB.wideningC.growingD.deepeningA.facilitiesB.ap
32、paratusC.devicesD.equipmentA.formationB.mediumC.ideasD.sectsA.institutionB.mechanismC.unitD.officeA.resortsB.sitesC.locationsD.attractionsA.To sum upB.In a wordC.In additionD.To be frankA.condemnB.conductC.confineD.confront五、B专项练习 5/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Most American magazines and newspapers reserve 60
33、percent of their pages for ads. The New York Times Sunday edition U(1) /U may contain 350 pages of advertisements. Some radio stations devote 40 minutes of every hour to U(2) /U.Then there is television. According to one estimate, American youngsters sit U(3) /U three hours of television commercials
34、 each week. By the time they graduate from high school, they will have been U(4) /U 360,000 TV ads. Televisions advertise in airports, hospital waiting rooms, and schools.Major sporting U(5) /U are now major advertising events. Racing cars serve as high speed U(6) /U Some athletes receive most of th
35、eir money from advertisers. One U(7) /U basketball player earned $ 3.9 million by playing ball. Advertisers paid him nine times that much to U(8) /U their products.There is no escape. Commercial ads are displayed on wails, buses, and trucks. They decorate the inside of taxis and subwayseven the door
36、s of public toilets. U(9) /U messages call to us in supermarkets, stores, elevatorsand U(10) /U we. are on hold on the telephone. In some countries so much advertising comes through the mail that many recipients proceed directly from the mailbox to the nearest wastebasket to U(11) /U the junk mail.U
37、 (12) /U Insiders Report, published by McCann-Erickson, a global advertising agency, the estimated U(13) /U of money spent on advertising worldwide in 1990 was $275.5 billion. Since then, the figures have U(14) /U to $ 411.6 billion for 1997 and a projected $434.4 billion for 1998. Big money !What i
38、s the effect of all of this? One analyst U(15) /U it this way: “Advertising is one of the most powerful socializing forces in the culture. Ads sell more than products. They sell images, values, goals, concepts of who we are and who we should be. They shape our attitudes and our attitudes shape our b
39、ehavior. “（分数：15.00）A.lonelyB.aloneC.singlyD.individuallyA.commerceB.consumersC.commercialsD.commoditiesA.throughB.upC.inD.aboutA.taken toB.spent inC.expected ofD.exposed toA.incidentsB.affairsC.eventsD.programsA.flashesB.billboardsC.attractionsD.messagesA.top-heavyB.top-talentedC.top-secretD.top-ra
40、nkingA.improveB.promoteC.urgeD.updateA.AudioB.StudioC.OralD.VideoA.sinceB.whileC.evenD.ifA.toss outB.lay downC.blow outD.break downA.It is said thatB.Apart fromC.According toD.Including inA.digitB.amountC.accountD.budgetA.raisedB.elevatedC.roaredD.soaredA.saidB.recordedC.toldD.put六、B专项练习 6/B(总题数：1，分
41、数：15.00)A recent report on population trend conducted by the think U(1) /U of the World watch Institute identifies signs of slowing growth in some countries. It says populations in 32 countriesall in the industrialized worldhave stabilized because of declining birthrates. But in a handful of develop
42、ing countries where population is slowing, the cause isnt something to U(2) /U, because more people are dying.This trend is called “population fatigue“, and its beginning in many of the developing countries that have experienced U(3) /U birthrates and sharp population growth for several decades. Gov
43、ernments in these countries are now having trouble dealing with feeding, housing and educating an increasing number of children, U(4) /U at the same time confronting the falling water U(5) /U, deforestation and soil erosion that rapid population growth brings. In these countries any new threatinfect
44、ious disease, drought or faminecan become a U(6) /U crisis.AIDS is a case U(7) /U. WHO estimates calculate that one-quarter of the adult population of Zimbabwe and Botswana are infected with the AIDS virus, U(8) /U, these countries stands to lose at least one-quarter of their labor force in the next
45、 decade from AIDS alone, a situation U(9) /U since the yellow fever swept through Europe in the 14h century.Social unrest is also increasing in these countries. One example is the U(10) /U conflict between the Tutsis and the Hutus in Rwanda, where population pressures reduced cropland U(11) /U where
46、 it could no longer feed those who lived on it. Demands on the world fisheries and shared water resources are likely to spark similar conflicts. Already the waters of the Nile are so heavily used that little reaches the Mediterranean, so any increase in demand or U(12) /U in allocation will also inc
47、rease tensions.The bottom line is that human population growth is U(13) /U to slow one way or the other. Developing societies will either recognize problems U(14) /U the horizon and act to encourage smaller families or unchecked births will have their U(15) /U in rising death rates.（分数：15.00）A.groupB.panelC.tankD.councilA.confoundB.consoleC.congratulateD.celebrateA.diminishingB.soaringC.swervingD.plungingA.wh
