1、英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 21及答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、1 翻译(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.cultural industry（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_2.open economy（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_3.non-profit organization（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_4.Interior Ministry（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5.down payment（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_6.IMF（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_7.NATO（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_8.a stock exch
2、ange（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_9.The State Council（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_10.Mount Everest（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_11.anti-dumping（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_12.breaking news（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_13.national census（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_14.将下列短文译成汉语。(首都师范大学 2010研，考试科目：英语翻译基础)A very large number of people cease when quite young to add anything to a lim
3、ited stock of judgments. After a certain age, say 25, they consider that their education is finished.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_15.It is perhaps natural that having passed through that painful and boring process, called expressly education, they should suppose it over, and that they are equipped for life to la
4、bel every event as it occurs and drop it into its given pigeonhole. But one who has a label ready for everything does not bother to observe any more, even such ordinary happenings as he has observed for himself, with attention, before he went to school. He merely acts and reacts.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_16.F
5、or people who have stopped noticing, the only possible new or renewed experience, and, therefore, new knowledge, is from a work of art. Because that is the only kind of experience which they are prepared to receive on its own terms: they will come out from their shells and expose themselves to music
6、, to a play, to a book, because it is the accepted method of enjoying such things. True, even to plays and books they may bring artistic prejudices which prevent them from seeing that play or comprehending that book. Their artistic sensibilities may be as crusted over as their minds.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_
7、17.But it is part of an artist“s job to break crusts, or let us say rather that artists who work for the public and not merely for themselves are interested in breaking crusts because they want to communicate their intuitions.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_18.Translating the following into Chinese(北京航空航天大学 2013研，考
8、试科目：综合英语)How is it that we have moved so far from everyday prose? Social critics might trace this back to the demise of letter writing. The details of housekeeping and child rearing, the rigors of life and work, advice to friends and family: none was slated for publication. They were communications
9、that gave shape to life by describing it for others.But as the letter fell out of favor and education became professionalized, with its goal less the expansion of the mind than the acquisition of a job, writing began to be seen largely as the purview of writers. Writing at work also became so stylis
10、tically removed from the story of our lives that the two seemed to have nothing in common.The age of technology has both revived the use of writing and provided ever more reasons for its spiritual solace. E-mails are letters, after all, more lasting than phone calls, even if many of them are too cur
11、sory for you. And the physical isolation they and other arms-length cyber-advances create makes talking to yourself more important than ever. That“s also what writing is: not just a legacy, but therapy. As the novelist Don DeLillo once said, “ Writing is a form of personal freedom. It frees us from
12、the mass identity we see in the making all around us. “（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_19.Translate the following into Chinese(北京航空航天大学 2012研，考试科目：综合英语)History shows it is only when the economy is in the mud that Americans feel free to do what they want to do. As the author J. K. Rowling said so succinctly in her 2
13、008 address to Harvard graduates, failure can mean a “ stripping away of the inessential. “ When she was an impoverished single mother, she started to write her magical tales: “I stopped pretending to myself that I was anything other than what I was, and began to direct all my energy into finishing
14、the only work that mattered to me. You will never truly know yourself, or the strength of your relationships, until both have been tested by adversity. “ This doesn“ t mean it is an uplifting experience to be unemployed, of course. But it may mean we ease up on some of the judgment that springs from
15、 the false idea that a person without a job has not just hit bad luck or a poor economybut is a failure. Having a job is hardly the only, or best, measure of a life. It may also mean we can accept plateaus, understand that a life has troughs we can climb out of, and that a long view is the wisest on
16、e. A recession is a great reminder that all of us need to learn, as Samuel Beckett said, to “fail better“ , which means rethinking what we really want to do with our lives, who we want beside us, and how we measure worth. Think of poor Willy Loman. Today his grandchildren might be proud.（分数：2.00）填空项
17、 1:_20.Translate the following into Chinese(北京航空航天大学 2011研，考试科目：综合英语)How do lenders decide whether consumers are creditworthy? In America one of the key determinants is an individual“s FICO score, named after the Fair Isaac Corporation, which devised it. The idea goes back decades, to a time when sm
18、all retailers, which needed to offer credit(money available for a client to borrow), pooled information on which customers were good and bad payers. These days the bulk of the information is provided by banks and lenders such as credit-card companies. This is translated into a score ranging from 350
19、 to 800, with the most creditworthy customers getting the highest rating.Andy Jennings of FICO says that customers“ rankings remain remarkably steady over time: the best payers remain the best payers. What does change is the level of bad debts across all categories when the economy hits a recession.
20、 During the subprime-lending boom mortgages were offered to borrowers with lower FICO scores than in the past. An updated version of the FICO model, to reflect the subprime crisis, was released last year.The crisis has brought about one big change in consumer behaviour. The mortgage used to be the l
21、ast debt people would default on. They did not want to lose their homes or to forfeit the substantial deposit they had had to find. But during the subprime boom many borrowers were able to buy homes without putting down any money, which changed their attitude. In effect, they were renting with an op
22、tion to profit from higher house prices.In the current recession some borrowers have given priority to their credit-card and car loans rather than their mortgages. After all, they can usually find a new home to rent. But without a car many of them cannot get to work and without a credit card they fi
23、nd it hard to shop.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 21答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、1 翻译(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.cultural industry（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：文化产业）解析：2.open economy（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：开放型经济）解析：3.non-profit organization（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：非营利组织）解析：4.Interior Ministry（分数：2.0
24、0）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：内政部；内务部）解析：5.down payment（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：(分期付款中的)头期款；预付订金）解析：6.IMF（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：国际货币基金组织）解析：7.NATO（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：北大西洋公约组织）解析：8.a stock exchange（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：证券交易所）解析：9.The State Council（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：国务院）解析：10.Mou
25、nt Everest（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：珠穆朗玛峰）解析：11.anti-dumping（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：反倾销）解析：12.breaking news（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：爆炸新闻）解析：13.national census（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：人口普查）解析：14.将下列短文译成汉语。(首都师范大学 2010研，考试科目：英语翻译基础)A very large number of people cease when quite young to ad
26、d anything to a limited stock of judgments. After a certain age, say 25, they consider that their education is finished.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案： 很多人在相当年轻时就止步不前了，不再积累新的知识。到了一定的年龄，比如说 25岁，他们就认为教育已经结束了。）解析：15.It is perhaps natural that having passed through that painful and boring process, called e
27、xpressly education, they should suppose it over, and that they are equipped for life to label every event as it occurs and drop it into its given pigeonhole. But one who has a label ready for everything does not bother to observe any more, even such ordinary happenings as he has observed for himself
28、, with attention, before he went to school. He merely acts and reacts.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案： 或许这些都是自然而然的，他们经历了那段痛苦无聊的教育阶段，就认为教育已经结束了；他们认为生活就是在每件事发生后，为它贴上个标签并归类。但是一个人如果有了各种标签，他就不再愿意去观察什么了，甚至那些在上学前他曾仔细关注的普通事件也不例外。他只是机械地行事，机械地做出反应。）解析：16.For people who have stopped noticing, the only possible new
29、 or renewed experience, and, therefore, new knowledge, is from a work of art. Because that is the only kind of experience which they are prepared to receive on its own terms: they will come out from their shells and expose themselves to music, to a play, to a book, because it is the accepted method
30、of enjoying such things. True, even to plays and books they may bring artistic prejudices which prevent them from seeing that play or comprehending that book. Their artistic sensibilities may be as crusted over as their minds.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案： 对于那些停止观察世界的人来说，唯一可能的新经验、新知识只能来自于艺术。因为这是唯一他们自愿
31、接受的经验；他们将跳出那层壳，让自己沉浸于音乐、戏剧或是一本书中，因为这是他们可以接受的并享受这一切的方式。诚然，甚至戏剧和书籍也会带来艺术偏见，从而妨碍他们欣赏戏剧抑或是领悟书籍。他们的艺术鉴赏力也结了层壳，就像他们的思想一样。）解析：17.But it is part of an artist“s job to break crusts, or let us say rather that artists who work for the public and not merely for themselves are interested in breaking crusts becau
32、se they want to communicate their intuitions.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案： 但是打破这一层壳是艺术家工作的一部分，或者我们可以这样说，那些为大众而艺术而不是为自己而艺术的人才会想要打破这层壳，因为他们想要交流他们的直觉感受。）解析：18.Translating the following into Chinese(北京航空航天大学 2013研，考试科目：综合英语)How is it that we have moved so far from everyday prose? Social critics might tra
33、ce this back to the demise of letter writing. The details of housekeeping and child rearing, the rigors of life and work, advice to friends and family: none was slated for publication. They were communications that gave shape to life by describing it for others.But as the letter fell out of favor an
34、d education became professionalized, with its goal less the expansion of the mind than the acquisition of a job, writing began to be seen largely as the purview of writers. Writing at work also became so stylistically removed from the story of our lives that the two seemed to have nothing in common.
35、The age of technology has both revived the use of writing and provided ever more reasons for its spiritual solace. E-mails are letters, after all, more lasting than phone calls, even if many of them are too cursory for you. And the physical isolation they and other arms-length cyber-advances create
36、makes talking to yourself more important than ever. That“s also what writing is: not just a legacy, but therapy. As the novelist Don DeLillo once said, “ Writing is a form of personal freedom. It frees us from the mass identity we see in the making all around us. “（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案： 我们为何已经
37、与日常写作渐行渐远?社会批评家认为，其原因可追溯到书信的消亡。料理家务、抚养孩子等琐事，生活工作的不易，给朋友家人的建议，这些都不会纳入出版物的范畴。它们是构成生活的具体方面，也是向他人描述自己生活的沟通方式。 但是随着写信不再受人青睐，教育也越来越专业化，写作的目标与其说是思想的延伸，不如说是为了找份工作，写作大体上被看作是作家的专利。公文书的风格也变得太远离生活，导致公文和写作貌似没什么共同点。 如今这个技术时代不仅仅让写作重新流行，也让人更有理由相信它能给心灵带来慰藉。哪怕大多数你只是匆匆一瞥，电子邮件也比打电话更持久。它们和其他一些触手可及的网络技术让你与世隔离，于是与自己谈话比以前更
38、加重要。这也是写作的特征：写作不是遗产，而是治疗手段。就像小说家唐?德里罗曾说过的那样：“写作是个人自由的一种形式。它让我们从身边正在形成的大众身份中解脱出来。”）解析：19.Translate the following into Chinese(北京航空航天大学 2012研，考试科目：综合英语)History shows it is only when the economy is in the mud that Americans feel free to do what they want to do. As the author J. K. Rowling said so succi
39、nctly in her 2008 address to Harvard graduates, failure can mean a “ stripping away of the inessential. “ When she was an impoverished single mother, she started to write her magical tales: “I stopped pretending to myself that I was anything other than what I was, and began to direct all my energy i
40、nto finishing the only work that mattered to me. You will never truly know yourself, or the strength of your relationships, until both have been tested by adversity. “ This doesn“ t mean it is an uplifting experience to be unemployed, of course. But it may mean we ease up on some of the judgment tha
41、t springs from the false idea that a person without a job has not just hit bad luck or a poor economybut is a failure. Having a job is hardly the only, or best, measure of a life. It may also mean we can accept plateaus, understand that a life has troughs we can climb out of, and that a long view is
42、 the wisest one. A recession is a great reminder that all of us need to learn, as Samuel Beckett said, to “fail better“ , which means rethinking what we really want to do with our lives, who we want beside us, and how we measure worth. Think of poor Willy Loman. Today his grandchildren might be prou
43、d.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案： 历史表明，只有当经济陷入衰退泥淖时，美国人才能随心所欲地去做自己想做的事。正如作家 J-K-罗琳在 2008年对哈佛大学毕业生的精辟之谈：失败可能意味着“剥离一切无关紧要的东西”。当她还是一位穷困的单亲妈妈时，她就着手写她的魔法故事了：“我不再自欺欺人，做回真正的自己，并开始集中全部精力去完成这唯一一件对我来说很重要的工作。只有当遭遇到自己和感情的逆境考验时，你才能真正了解自己，也才能体会你的感情的力量有多坚定。”这当然不是说失业是种振奋人心的体验。但对于那些滥觞于错误观点“一个人失业不仅仅是运气不好或经济不景气，更是一种失败”的判
44、断，我们尽可泰然处之。有一份工作并非是衡量人生的唯一或最佳标准。这或许也意味着我们可以接受人生的停滞期，明白生活也会有低谷，一旦跌倒我们要爬出来，而眼光长远方是最明智之举。经济衰退则很好地提醒我们，所有人都需要好好学习，正如塞缪尔-贝克特所说，这样才能“更好地失败”。这意味着我们要反思这一辈子究竟想做什么，想与谁为伴，以及如何衡量价值。想想可怜的威利-洛曼，今天他的孙辈或许会感到自豪了。）解析：20.Translate the following into Chinese(北京航空航天大学 2011研，考试科目：综合英语)How do lenders decide whether consum
45、ers are creditworthy? In America one of the key determinants is an individual“s FICO score, named after the Fair Isaac Corporation, which devised it. The idea goes back decades, to a time when small retailers, which needed to offer credit(money available for a client to borrow), pooled information o
46、n which customers were good and bad payers. These days the bulk of the information is provided by banks and lenders such as credit-card companies. This is translated into a score ranging from 350 to 800, with the most creditworthy customers getting the highest rating.Andy Jennings of FICO says that
47、customers“ rankings remain remarkably steady over time: the best payers remain the best payers. What does change is the level of bad debts across all categories when the economy hits a recession. During the subprime-lending boom mortgages were offered to borrowers with lower FICO scores than in the past. An updated version of the FICO model, to reflect the subprime crisis, was released last year.The crisis has brought about one big change in consumer behaviour. The mortgage used to be the last debt people would default on
