1、英语翻译基础（英汉互译）-试卷 13 及答案解析(总分：12.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.英译汉（分数：2.00）_2.AIDS Hitting African Farm Sector Hard Once a largely urban problem, AIDS has moved to rural areas in developing countries, devastating thousands of farming communities and leaving impoverished survivors scarcely able
2、 to feed themselves. The disease is no longer a health problem alone, but is having a measurable impact on food production, household food security and rural people“ s ability to make a living. The latest statistical evidence on sub-Saharan Africathe worsthit regionconfirms the scale of the epidemic
3、“ s impact on the countryside. It is estimated that over half of the 28 million people living with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa live in rural areas. In order to estimate such figures, epidemiologists start with data taken from tests done on blood samples from pregnant women attending prenatal clin
4、ics. They then extrapolate the figures to estimate infection rates in larger areas. Recent findings point to two of the hardest-hit countries Zimbabwe and Swaziland. “This is a real wake-up call for governments,“ says an expert on AIDS “Policy-makers are guided by evidence. Solid evidence is now com
5、ing in and will make governments understand how rural areas are actually more vulnerable to AIDS than urban areas. Recent reports from other African countries show a similar pattern of rampant rural infection. Poverty underlies the suffering and devastation behind these figures. The HIV/AIDS epidemi
6、c cannot be addressed without doing something about rural livelihoods: how people make their living, how they get enough food, what strategies they follow in order to survive.（分数：2.00）_3.The Shape of Things to Come When the world was a simpler place, the rich were fat, the poor were thin, and right-
7、thinking people worried about how to feed the hungry. Now, in much of the world, the rich are thin, the poor are fat, and right-thinking people are worrying about obesity. Evolution is mostly to blame. It has designed mankind to cope with deprivation, not plenty. People are perfectly tuned to store
8、energy in good years to see them through lean ones. But when bad times never come, they are stuck with that energy stored around their expanding bellies. Thanks to rising agricultural productivity, lean years are rarer all over the globe. Modern-day Malthusians, who used to draw graphs proving that
9、the world was shortly going to run out of food, have gone rather quiet lately. According to the UN, the number of people short of food fell from 920m in 1980 to 799m 20 years later, even though the world“ s population increased by 1. 6 billion over the period. This is mostly a cause for celebration.
10、 Mankind has won what was, for most of his time on this planet, his biggest battle: to ensure that he and his offspring had had enough to eat. But every silver lining has a cloud, and the consequence of prosperity is a new plague that brings with it a host of interesting policy dilemmas. As a scourg
11、e of the modern world, obesity has an image problem. It is easier to associate with Father Christmas than with the four horses of the apocalypse. But it has a good claim to lumber along beside them, for it is the world“ s biggest public-health issue todaythe main cause of heart disease and diabetes.
12、 Since the World Health Organization labeled obesity an “epidemic“ in 2000, reports on its fearful consequences have come thick and fast.（分数：2.00）_4.A Nation of Hypochondriacs The main impression growing out of twelve years on the faculty of a medical school is that the No. 1 health problem in the U
13、. S. today, even more than AIDS or cancer, is that Americans don“ t know how to think about health and illness. Our reactions are formed on the terror level. We fear the worst, expect the worst and invite the worst. The result is that we are becoming a nation of weaklings and hypochondriacs, a self-
14、medicating society incapable of distinguishing between casual , everyday symptoms and those that require professional attention. Somewhere in our early education we become addicted to the notion that pain means sickness. We fail to learn that pain is the body“ s way of informing the mind that we are
15、 doing something wrong, not necessarily that something is wrong. We don“ t understand that pain may be telling us that we are eating too much or the wrong things; or that we are smoking too much or drinking too much; or that there is too much emotional congestion in our lives; or that we are being w
16、orn down by having to cope daily with overcrowded streets and highways, the pounding noise of garbage grinders , or the cosmic distance between the entrance to the airport and the departure gate. We get the message of pain all wrong. Instead of addressing ourselves to the cause, we become pushovers
17、for pills, driving the pain underground and inviting it to return with increased authority.（分数：2.00）_5.The workmanship of the Supernote was extraordinary. It had sequential serial numbers, and the printing plates continued to be refined. A Secret Service agent identified Kelly“ s two samples as Supe
18、rnotes by three minuscule imperfections. Even when the flaws were pointed out, Kelly says, “ I frankly couldn“ t see the damn imperfections. “ Most alarming of all, the Supernote was so well engineered that it could fool currency scanners at the nation“ s twelve Federal Reserve banks. The black ink
19、on the front of American currency contains ferrous oxide, which is magnetic, and the Fed“ s scanners read the magnetic field down the center line of the portrait with such precision that a thousand genuine hundred-dollar bills are rejected for every one that is later found to be counterfeit. Yet, Ke
20、lly recalls, “ Secret Service told me the bills went through those machines“. The Supernote, Kelly learned, had been circulating in Europe, the Far East, the Middle East, and the former Soviet Union, but only limited supply had reached the United States. This was not reassuring. Of the almost three
21、hundred and ninety billion dollars in American paper money now in existence, some two-thirds, or more than two hundred and fifty billion, is in foreign hands. The worldwide popularity of the dollar is a tremendous boon to the United States. The Federal Reserve is fond of pointing out, every bill in
22、circulation is in effect an interest-free loan; an equivalent amount in government securities would cost the United States more than twenty-five billion dollars in annual interest payments. The beauty of bills stuffed in a mattress in Kazakhstan, for instance, is the good chance that the notes will
23、never be called in. The Supernote was by no means the first foreign-made or foreign-distributed counterfeit of American currency, but because of its frightening and unprecedented quality it seemed singularly poised to damage world confidence in the dollar.（分数：2.00）_6.Elysee Palace The Elysee Palace
24、in France enjoys equal popularity in the world with the Buckingham Palace in the United Kingdom, the Kremlin in Russia as well as the White House in the U. S. A. It is the residence of the president of the French Republic and the symbol of the supreme authority in France. The Elysee Palace, with an
25、area of 11,000 square meters, is at the eastern end of the Champs Elysee in the bustling city of Paris proper and backed by a large and tranquil garden of more than twenty thousand square meters. Its main building, quite handsome and graceful, is a 2-story classical stone architecture of European st
26、yle, flanked by two side buildings facing each other and with an extensive rectangular courtyard in the middle. There are altogether 369 halls and rooms of different size. The Elysee Palace, built in 1718, has a long history of closing to 300 years to date. This house was at first a private residenc
27、e of a count named d“ Evreau, hence it was called Hotel d“ Ev-reau. It had later gone through many vicissitudes and its owners had been changed for many times, but all the dwellers in it were distinguished personages and high officials. The house was renamed Bonaparte Mansion when it was owned by Lo
28、uis XV and Louis XVI successively when they acted as emperors. Napoleon I signed his act of abdication here when he had suffered crushing defeat in the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. Napoleon III moved in the Mansion in 1848 when he was elected president, and the house became a Royal Palace when he pro
29、claimed himself as emperor. The Third French Republic issued a decree in 1873, designating officially the Elysee Palace as the residence of president of the French Republic. Over the hundred odd years since then, almost all the presidents of the French Republic worked and lived there. Starting from
30、1989, the Elysee Palace is open to the public every year in September on the French Castles Day.（分数：2.00）_英语翻译基础（英汉互译）-试卷 13 答案解析(总分：12.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.英译汉（分数：2.00）_解析：2.AIDS Hitting African Farm Sector Hard Once a largely urban problem, AIDS has moved to rural areas in develop
31、ing countries, devastating thousands of farming communities and leaving impoverished survivors scarcely able to feed themselves. The disease is no longer a health problem alone, but is having a measurable impact on food production, household food security and rural people“ s ability to make a living
32、. The latest statistical evidence on sub-Saharan Africathe worsthit regionconfirms the scale of the epidemic“ s impact on the countryside. It is estimated that over half of the 28 million people living with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa live in rural areas. In order to estimate such figures, epidem
33、iologists start with data taken from tests done on blood samples from pregnant women attending prenatal clinics. They then extrapolate the figures to estimate infection rates in larger areas. Recent findings point to two of the hardest-hit countries Zimbabwe and Swaziland. “This is a real wake-up ca
34、ll for governments,“ says an expert on AIDS “Policy-makers are guided by evidence. Solid evidence is now coming in and will make governments understand how rural areas are actually more vulnerable to AIDS than urban areas. Recent reports from other African countries show a similar pattern of rampant
35、 rural infection. Poverty underlies the suffering and devastation behind these figures. The HIV/AIDS epidemic cannot be addressed without doing something about rural livelihoods: how people make their living, how they get enough food, what strategies they follow in order to survive.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正
36、确答案： 艾滋病重创非洲农业 以前，艾滋病主要是一个存在于城市的问题，而现在艾滋病已经转向发展中国家的农村地区，摧毁了数以千计的农村社区，使穷困的幸存者们无以为生。这一疾病已不再是单纯的健康问题，而正在对食品生产、家用食品安全和农村人口谋生能力造成明显的冲击。 撒哈拉以南非洲地区受艾滋病打击最重；最新的统计数字已证实这一流行病对其农村地区造成了严重的影响。据估计，撒哈拉以南非洲地区的 2800 万艾滋病人或艾滋病病毒携带者中，有一半以上生活在农村地区。为了对这一数字进行评估，流行病学家们首先从参加产前咨询的孕妇身上抽取血样进行化验，取得数据，然后推测出数字，对更广大地区的传染率进行估计。最近的
37、研究结果表明，受传染最严重的两个国家是津巴布韦和斯威士兰。 “这对各国政府来说是个真正的警钟，”一位艾滋病专家说。“决策者们是跟着证据走的，现在已经有确凿的证据使各国政府明白，农村地区的确比城市更客易受到艾滋病的侵袭。” 最近来自其他非洲国家的报告也表明农村地区艾滋病传染十分猖獗。 在这些数字背后，贫穷是人们遭受病痛折磨和打击的原因。农村人口如何谋生，如何获得足够的粮食，采取什么样的办法维持生存这些生计问题不解决，艾滋病的肆虐是得不到解决的。)解析：3.The Shape of Things to Come When the world was a simpler place, the ric
38、h were fat, the poor were thin, and right-thinking people worried about how to feed the hungry. Now, in much of the world, the rich are thin, the poor are fat, and right-thinking people are worrying about obesity. Evolution is mostly to blame. It has designed mankind to cope with deprivation, not pl
39、enty. People are perfectly tuned to store energy in good years to see them through lean ones. But when bad times never come, they are stuck with that energy stored around their expanding bellies. Thanks to rising agricultural productivity, lean years are rarer all over the globe. Modern-day Malthusi
40、ans, who used to draw graphs proving that the world was shortly going to run out of food, have gone rather quiet lately. According to the UN, the number of people short of food fell from 920m in 1980 to 799m 20 years later, even though the world“ s population increased by 1. 6 billion over the perio
41、d. This is mostly a cause for celebration. Mankind has won what was, for most of his time on this planet, his biggest battle: to ensure that he and his offspring had had enough to eat. But every silver lining has a cloud, and the consequence of prosperity is a new plague that brings with it a host o
42、f interesting policy dilemmas. As a scourge of the modern world, obesity has an image problem. It is easier to associate with Father Christmas than with the four horses of the apocalypse. But it has a good claim to lumber along beside them, for it is the world“ s biggest public-health issue todaythe
43、 main cause of heart disease and diabetes. Since the World Health Organization labeled obesity an “epidemic“ in 2000, reports on its fearful consequences have come thick and fast.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： 未来的身段 世界原本没有这么复杂。那时，富人胖，穷人瘦，头脑正常的人在发愁：怎样才能让挨饿的人吃上饭。而现在，在这个世界上的很多地方，富人瘦，穷人胖。头脑正常的人在为肥胖发愁。 这罪魁祸首就是进化。
44、进化已将人类设定好了，它使人能对付匮乏，却不会应对富足。经过进化的完美调教，人们可以在丰年储存能量，靠它捱过荒年。但是如果坏年景总也不来，他们不断增长的肚皮上囤积的能量，就甩不掉了。 由于农业生产力不断提高，荒年在世界各地都更为罕见。当代的马尔萨斯论者曾画出各种图表，证明全世界的粮食马上就会吃完，而他们最近却不怎么吱声了。根据联合国的数据，粮食短缺的人口从 1980 年的 92 亿下降到了 20 年后的 799 亿，尽管世界人口同期增长了16 亿。这总该是件可喜可贺的事情。人类打了个大胜仗，他们在这个星球上的绝大部分时间里，都在为赢得这场最大的战役而奋斗，那就是保证他们自己和子孙后代都能吃得饱
45、。但是，凡是好事，都有可能向坏的方面转化，现在富足带来了一种新的烦恼，搞得人们在一大堆问题的决策上进退两难，这种近况令人关注。 肥胖这个当今世界的灾难，首先带来的是一个形象问题。它更容易让人联想到圣诞老人，而不是圣经?启示录中(给人类带来战争、饥荒、瘟疫和死亡的)那四匹马。但肥胖完全有理由和这四匹马并驾齐驱，因为它是当今世界公众健康最大的问题，是引起心脏病和糖尿病的主要原因。自从世界卫生组织2000 年把肥胖列为“流行病”，对其可怕后果的报道一时间连篇累牍，铺天盖地。)解析：4.A Nation of Hypochondriacs The main impression growing out
46、 of twelve years on the faculty of a medical school is that the No. 1 health problem in the U. S. today, even more than AIDS or cancer, is that Americans don“ t know how to think about health and illness. Our reactions are formed on the terror level. We fear the worst, expect the worst and invite th
47、e worst. The result is that we are becoming a nation of weaklings and hypochondriacs, a self-medicating society incapable of distinguishing between casual , everyday symptoms and those that require professional attention. Somewhere in our early education we become addicted to the notion that pain means sickness. We fail to learn that pain is the body“ s way of informing the mind tha
