1、大学英语三级 A 级-48 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：100.00)Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more differen
2、t ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend
3、to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, t
4、hey are at least customary and undisputed. Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the nonmaterial, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than wha
5、t was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements. Furthermore, social chan
6、ge is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp dichotomies (一分为二). This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp differen
7、ce in appearance between them and their white counterparts.（分数：20.00）(1).The passage mainly discusses _.（分数：4.00）A.two different societiesB.the necessity of social changeC.certain factors that determine the ease with which social changes occurD.certain factors that promote social change(2)._ is one
8、of the factors that tend to promote social change.（分数：4.00）A.Joint interestB.Advanced technologyC.Less emotional peopleD.Different points of view(3).The expression “greater tolerance“ refers to _.（分数：4.00）A.greater willingness to accept social changeB.quicker adaptation to changing circumstancesC.mo
9、re respect for different beliefs and behaviorD.readiness to agree to different opinions and ideas(4).According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?（分数：4.00）A.Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society.B.Disagreement with and argument abo
10、ut conditions tend to slow down social change.C.Social change is more likely to occur in the material aspect of society.D.Social change is less likely to occur in what people learned when they were young.(5).Social change is less likely to occur in a society where people are quite similar in many wa
11、ys because _.（分数：4.00）A.people there have got so accustomed to their conditions that they seldom think it necessary to changeB.people there have identical needs that can be satisfied without much difficultyC.people there are easy to pleaseD.people there are less disputatiousIn the same way that a ch
12、ild must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must physiologically be capable of producing and experiencing particular emotions before these emotions can be modified through learning. Psychologists have found that there are two basic processes by which learning ta
13、kes place. One kind of learning is called classical conditioning. This occurs when one event or stimulus is consistently paired with, or followed by, a reward or punishment. It is through classical conditioning that a child learns to associate his mother“s face and voice with happiness and love, for
14、 he learns that this person provides food and comfort. Negative emotions are learned in a similar fashion. The second kind of learning is called “operant conditioning“. This occurs when an individual learns to do things that produce rewards in his environment and learns not to do things that produce
15、 punishments. For example, if a mother always attends to her baby when he cries and cuddles him until he is quiet, she may teach him that if he cries he will get attention from mother. Thus, the baby will learn to increase his crying in order to have his mother more. Every day, we grow and have new
16、experiences. We constantly learn by reading, watching television, interacting with other people, and so forth. This learning affects our emotions. Why is it that we learn to like some people and dislike others? If a person is nice to us, cares about us, we learn to associate this person with positiv
17、e feelings, such as joy, happiness, and friendliness. On the other hand, if a person is mean to us, does not care about us, and even deliberately does things to harm us, we learn to associate this person with negative feelings, such as unhappiness, discomfort, and anger.（分数：20.00）(1).The author“s ma
18、in purpose in writing the passage is to _.（分数：4.00）A.teach children how to learn to produce and experience certain emotionsB.give the general reader an account of two basic kinds of learningC.give parents some advice on how to modify their children“s emotions through learningD.discuss with psycholog
19、ists how positive and negative feelings are produced(2).If your jokes often find a ready echo in a person, you will learn through _ that telling jokes to this person is fun, and you will try with greater efforts to be humorous in his presence.（分数：4.00）A.classical conditioningB.operant conditioningC.
20、neither A nor BD.some other sorts of conditioning(3).If a child is bitten or startled several times by a dog, he may learn to associate furry animals with pain or startle and thus develop a fear of furry animals. This is a typical example of learning through _.（分数：4.00）A.classical conditioningB.oper
21、ant conditioningC.neither A nor BD.some other sorts of conditioning(4).In the third paragraph the author is _.（分数：4.00）A.discussing how we grow and have new experiences every dayB.talking about learning to modify emotions through operant conditioningC.concentrating on learning by reading, watching t
22、elevision, interacting with people, and so onD.using examples to further illustrate learning through classical conditioning(5).In the following paragraph the author will most probably go on to discuss _.（分数：4.00）A.definitions of positive feelings and negative feelingsB.the third kind of learningC.fu
23、rther examples of learning through operant conditioningD.none of the aboveAlthough one might not think so from some of the criticism of it, advertising is essential to the kind of society in which people in the United Kingdom, and a very considerable proportion of the world at large, live. Advertisi
24、ng is necessary as a means of communication with others, of telling them about the goods and services that are offered, and of which most of them would never get to hear at all if it were not for advertising. And advertising helps a great deal to promote a rising standard of living. In talking about
25、 advertising, one should not think only in terms of a commercial on television, or an advertisement in the newspapers or periodicals. In its widest sense, advertising includes a host of other activities such as packaging, shop displays andin the sense of communicationeven the spoken words of the sal
26、esman. After all the roots of advertising are to be found in the marketplace. For many years it was thought that it has become increasingly understood that the production of goods can be sold at a fair price within a reasonable time span. In the competitive society in which we live, it is essential
27、that we go out and sell what we have to offer, and advertising plays an important role in this respect, whether selling at home or in export markets. Approximately 2 percent of the UK gross national product is spent on advertising. But it must not be thought this advertising tries to sell goods to c
28、onsumers who do not want them. Of course, advertising does try to attract the potential consumer, but if the article when purchased does not match up to the standards that advertising suggests that it will, it is obviously exceedingly unlikely that the article will sell well.（分数：20.00）(1).According
29、to the passage, advertising is important to _.（分数：4.00）A.potential consumers all over the worldB.only large countries like the United KingdomC.people who are expecting to promote their standard of livingD.a large number of people, no matter what nationality they are(2).Advertising has its origin in
30、_.（分数：4.00）A.shop window displays and the wrapping of goodsB.face-to-face contact between sellers and buyersC.the communicative abilities of a trained salespersonD.articles in newspapers and magazines(3).People have realized that resources are wasted if _.（分数：4.00）A.too much is spent on advertisingB
31、.prices are low for goods to be sold at the marketC.goods remain unsold for a long timeD.goods are advertised both at home and abroad(4).The passage makes a point that goods will sell well if _.（分数：4.00）A.advertisements reflect the true value of themB.enough money is spent on advertisingC.advertisem
32、ents are well designedD.they are of high quality(5).The best title of this passage would be _.（分数：4.00）A.Advertising in the UKB.Limitations of AdvertisingC.Benefits of AdvertisingD.Production and AdvertisingArchaeology, like many academic words, comes from Greek and means, more or less, “the study o
33、f old things“. So, it is really a part of the study of history. However, most historians use paper evidence, such as letters, paintings and photographs, but archaeologists (考古学家) learn from the objects left behind by the humans of long ago. Normally, these are the hard materials that don“t break dow
34、n or disappear very quicklythings like human bones and objects made from stone and metal. It is very unusual to find anything more than the hard evidence of historynormally, the bacteria (细菌) in the air eat away at soft materials, like bodies, clothes and things made of wood. Occasionally, things ar
35、e different. In 1984, two men made an amazing discovery while working in a bog called Lindow Moss, in the north of England. A bog is a very wet area of earth, with a lot of plants growing in it. It can be like a very big and very thick vegetable soupwalk in the wrong place and you can sink and disap
36、pear forever. The men were working when one of them saw something sticking outa human foot! Naturally, the men called the police, who then found the rest of the body. Was it a case of murder? Possiblybut it was a death nearly two thousand years old. The two men had found a body from the time of the
37、Roman invasion of Britain. Despite being so old, this body had skin, muscles, hair and internal organsthe scientists who examined him were able to look inside the man“s stomach and find the food that he had eaten for his last meal! Why was this man so well preserved? It was because he was in a very
38、watery environment, safe from the bacteria that need oxygen to live. Also, the water in the bog was very acidic. The acid preserved the man“s skin in the way that animal skin is preserved for leather coats and shoes. How did he die? Understandably, archaeologists and other scientists wanted to know
39、more about the person that they called, “Lindow Man“. His hands and fingernails suggested that he hadn“t done heavy manual work in his lifehe could have been a rich man. They found that he hadn“t died by accident. The archaeologists believe that he was sacrificed to three different gods.（分数：20.00）(1
40、).Which language does the word “archaeology“ come from?（分数：4.00）A.French.B.Greek.C.Roman.D.German.(2).The underlined word “these“ in the first paragraph refers to _.（分数：4.00）A.lettersB.photographsC.paintingsD.objects(3).Which of the following helped to preserve “Lindow Man“ ?（分数：4.00）A.Ice and low t
41、emperature.B.Bacteria and oxygen.C.Soil and energy.D.Acid and water.(4).According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?（分数：4.00）A.“Lindow Man“ was named after the person who first found him.B.Historians usually use paper evidence, while archaeologists use hard evidence.C.“Lindow
42、 Man“ was found by two archaeologists in the south of England.D.“Lindow Man“ was good at manual work.(5).Which is the best title for the passage?（分数：4.00）A.What Is Archaeology?B.Archaeology and HistoryC.An Amazing Archaeological DiscoveryD.The Death of “Lindow Man“When people print a stamp, any erro
43、r made on a stamp raises its value to stamp collectors. A mistake on one inexpensive postage stamp has made the stamp worth a million and a half times its original value. More than one hundred years ago in the British colony of Mauritius, a small island in the Indian Ocean, the mistake was made. In
44、1847 an order for stamps was sent to a London printerMauritius was to become the fourth country in the world to issue stamps. Before the order was filled and delivered, a ball was planned at Mauritius“s Government House, and stamps were needed to send out the invitations. A local printer was instruc
45、ted to copy the design for the stamps. He accidentally inscribed the words “Post Ofrice“ instead of “Post Paid“ on the several hundred stamps that he printed. Today there are only 26 of these misprinted stamps left14 One Penny OrangeReds and 12 Two Penny Blues. Because of the Two Penny Blues“ rarene
46、ss and age, collectors have paid as much as $16,800 for it.（分数：20.00）(1).Over a century ago, Mauritius _.（分数：4.00）A.was an independent countryB.was a small island in the Pacific OceanC.belonged to IndiaD.was one of the British colonies(2).The mistake on the stamps was made _.（分数：4.00）A.in MauritiusB
47、.at Mauritius Government HouseC.in a post officeD.in London(3).The mistake on the locally printed postage stamps was in the _.（分数：4.00）A.priceB.colourC.dateD.spelling of postage(4).Stamp collectors have paid $16,800 for _.（分数：4.00）A.1 Two Penny BlueB.12 Two Penny BluesC.1 One Penny Orange-RedD.14 On
48、e Penny Orange-Reds(5).A stamp is worth a million and a half times its original value because _.（分数：4.00）A.there are a few errors on itB.of its rareness and ageC.it is a great work of artD.it was made in British colonies大学英语三级 A 级-48 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：100.00)S
49、ocial change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed soci
