1、大学英语四级（2013 年 12月考试改革适用）-试卷 195及答案解析(总分：118.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Writing(总题数：2，分数：4.00)1.Part I Writing（分数：2.00）_2.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to apply for further study overseas. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.（分数：2.00）_二、Listening Comprehe
2、ns(总题数：12，分数：50.00)3.Part II Listening Comprehension_4.Section A_A.It can help people cure diseases.B.It can make people feel happy.C.It can help people lose weight.D.It can help protect against heart disease.A.One year.B.Three years.C.Four years.D.Five years.A.The costly and undependable web servic
3、e in Nigeria.B.A new network project in Nigeria.C.A new informative website in Nigeria.D.The resources on the web service in Nigeria.A.Students, factory workers and researchers.B.Students, farmers and researchers.C.Students, medical workers and researchers.D.Students, medical workers and officers.A.
4、Six million.B.Ten million.C.Six billion.D.Ten billion.A.They are accustomed to smoking.B.They have too much stress.C.They have no effective ways to stop it.D.They find it cool to smoke.A.On the improvement of education.B.On the improvement of infrastructure.C.On the treatment of tobacco-related dise
5、ases.D.On the rescue of natural disasters.5.Section B_A.Learning art as a student.B.Practicing computer skills.C.Picking up Photoshop.D.Learning to appreciate real art.A.Those who practice art hard can be called artists.B.Those who have the desire to draw can be called artists.C.Those who use comput
6、er well can be called artists.D.Those who do pictures for websites can be called artists.A.Photos of himself.B.Photos of his family.C.Photos of famous artworks.D.Photos of his professors.A.To attract people of the same interest.B.To post up all his works of art.C.To meet the graduation requirement.D
7、.To get advice from other artists.A.He has got the first place in the test.B.He has got high scores in the test.C.He has been praised by his professor.D.He has passed all of the tests.A.A few weeks before the exams.B.A few months before the exams.C.A few days before the exams.D.A few hours before th
8、e exams.A.Ask his classmates.B.Look up some information.C.Go online to check them.D.Discuss them with his professors.A.Classmates.B.Mother and son.C.Teacher and student.D.Headmaster and student.6.Section C_A.She was liked by many of her teachers.B.She was at her best as a typist.C.She had already ma
9、de lots of money.D.She was very different from other girls in her school.A.6 days.B.8 days.C.4 days.D.2 days.A.She set a new record of flying from Europe to India.B.She proved that a woman could do anything she really put her mind to.C.She used the shortest time to complete the flight alone.D.She fl
10、ew at the highest speed ever known to men till then.A.Sipping a glass of wine before getting into bed.B.Drinking a cup of tea one hour before getting into bed.C.Exercising one or two hours before bedtime.D.Taking a hot shower half an hour before bedtime.A.Listen to some quiet music.B.Get out of bed
11、till being sleepy again.C.Try to relax our mind.D.Read some interesting articles.A.Approaches to Get a Good Nights Sleep.B.The Harm of Lack of Sleep.C.Effects of Modern Technology on Sleep.D.Benefits of a Good Nights Sleep.A.About 40 to 50 percent.B.About 30 percent.C.About 38 percent.D.About 30 to
12、50 percent.A.By getting rid of trays.B.By installing food-only trash cans.C.By installing a software system to track the trash.D.By providing less food for students.A.To lower the costs of hauling food waste.B.To save more food for the world.C.To keep the dining room clean.D.To reduce the efforts of
13、 cooking.A.It can store measures of how to save food.B.It can calculate the total amount of food offered.C.It can help people realize the value of wasted food.D.It can connect the food needed with the number of customers.三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：8，分数：60.00)7.Part III Reading Comprehension_8.Sectio
14、n A_Many of todays college students are suffering from a form of shock. Lisa is a good example of a student in shock. She is an attractive, intelligent twenty-year-old college 1 at a state university. Now, only three years later, Lisa is miserable. She has 2 her major four times and is forced to hol
15、d down two part-time jobs in order to pay her tuition. She suffers from sleeping and eating disorders and has no 3 friend. Sometimes she burst out crying for no 4reason. What is happening to Lisa happens to millions of college students each year. As a result, roughly one-quarter of the student popul
16、ation at any time will suffer from 5 of depression. Half of them will experience depression intense enough to call for 6 help. But many of them 7 the idea because they dont want people to think theres something wrong with them. There are two reasons todays college students are suffering more than in
17、 earlier generations. First is a weakening family support 8 . Today, with high divorce rate, the traditional family is not always available for support. Another problem is 9 pressure. In the last decade tuition cost rose about sixty-six percent at public colleges and ninety percent at private school
18、s. 10 , most students must work at least part-time. It can be depressing to students to be faced with the added tuition costs.A)apparent I)intimateB)automatic J)juniorC)Consequently K)professionalD)Consistently L)recalledE)decline M)structureF)delightful N)switchedG)finance O)symptom H)financial（分数：
19、20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_10.Section B_The Nutrients in FoodA)Nutrients are the parts of food that are important for life and health. Nutrients are important for three reasons. First, some nutrients provide fuel for energy. Second, some nutrients bui
20、ld and repair body tissues. Third, some nutrients help control different processes of the body like the absorption of minerals and the clotting(凝结)of blood. Scientists think there are 40 to 50 nutrients. These nutrients are divided into five general groups: carbohydrates(碳水化合物), fats, proteins, mine
21、rals and vitamins.Carbohydrates and FatsB)The first group of nutrients is carbohydrates. There are two kinds of carbohydrates: starches(淀粉)and sugars. Bread, potatoes, and rice are starches. They have many carbohydrates. Candy, soft drinks, jelly, and other foods with sugar also have carbohydrates.
22、Carbohydrates are important because they provide the body with heat and energy. Sugar, for instance, is 100 percent energy. It has no other food value. Sugar does not build body tissues or control body processes. If there are too many carbohydrates in the body, they are stored as body fat. The body
23、stores fuel as fat.C)There are two types of fats: animal and vegetable. Butter, cream, and the fat in bacon(熏肉)are animal fats. Olive oil, corn oil, and peanut oil are vegetable fats. The body has fat under the skin and around some of the organs inside. The average adult has 10 to 11 kilograms(20 to
24、 25 pounds)of body fat. If adults eat too many carbohydrates and fats, they can add another 45 kilograms(100 pounds)to their bodies. Fat is extra fuel. When the body needs energy, it changes the fat into carbohydrates. The carbohydrates are used for energy. Fat also keeps the body warm.ProteinsD)The
25、 third group of nutrients is proteins. The word “protein“ comes from a Greek word that means “ of first importance“. Proteins are “ of first importance“ because they are necessary for life. Proteins are made of amino acids which build and repair body tissues. They are an important part of all the mu
26、scles, organs, skin, and hair. The body has 22 different amino acids. Nutritionists call eight of these amino acids essential because the body does not manufacture them. There are two kinds of proteins: complete proteins and incomplete proteins. Complete proteins, which the body needs for growth, ha
27、ve all the essential amino acids. Meat, fish, poultry(家禽), eggs, milk, and cheese have complete proteins. The body needs complete proteins every day. Incomplete proteins do not have all the essential amino acids. The proteins in vegetables and grains, for instance, are incomplete proteins. Two ways
28、to form complete proteins from incomplete proteins are:(1)to mix vegetables and grains correctly, or(2)to add a small amount of meat or milk to a large amount of grains. The body can then use the complete proteins which result from the mixtures.E)Extra protein in the body can be changed to fat and s
29、tored as body fat. It can also be changed to carbohydrates and used for energy. If people do not eat enough carbohydrates and fats for the energy that they need, their body uses proteins for energy. Then the body does not have the proteins that it needs to build and repair tissues. A nutritious diet
30、 includes carbohydrates and fats for energy, and proteins for growth.MineralsF)The fourth group of nutrients is minerals. More than twenty different minerals are in the body. Three of the most important minerals are calcium(钙), phosphorus(磷), and iron. Calcium and phosphorus work together. The bones
31、 and the teeth have 99 percent of the calcium in the body. If people have enough calcium and phosphorus, their bones and teeth will be strong and hard. In addition, their muscles, nerves, and heart will work correctly. Milk and hard cheeses are the best sources of calcium. After the age of 19, peopl
32、e need 400 to 500 milligrams of calcium a day. People who do not drink three glasses of milk daily can eat 50 hamburgers or 56 apples to get the calcium they need.G)Iron is the mineral that makes blood look red. All lean meats have iron: liver is an especially good source of iron. Whole grains, nuts
33、, some vegetables, and dried fruits also have iron. If there is not enough iron in their diets, people will get a disease that is commonly called anemia(贫血症). Anemia is found all over the world. People with anemia do not have enough iron in their blood. Because iron carries oxygen, people who do not
34、 have enough iron do not get enough oxygen for their normal activities. Their hearts beat faster so their bodies can get more oxygen. People who have anemia often get tired easily. Sometimes their skin looks white: it does not look pink and healthy.VitaminsH)Nutritionists think there are thirteen vi
35、tamins that humans need. Vitamins are important because they prevent diseases and help control body processes. Vitamin A is important for healthy skin and eyes. People who do not have enough vitamin A may have night blindness. Some automobile accidents happen in the evening because people who lack v
36、itamin A do not see the road well after they look at the bright headlights of a car. Vitamin A in the diet comes from deep yellow fruits and vegetables, dark green leafy vegetables, and whole milk.I)When people have enough B vitamins, their appetite is good and their nerves are calm. B vitamins in t
37、he diet come from some meats and vegetables, milk, cottage cheese, and whole grains. When a grain is processed, it loses vitamins. For example, there is a big difference between brown and white rice. When rice is processed, the brown outside is lost. The brown outside of rice has an important B vita
38、min which white rice lacks. In short, brown rice has more B vitamins than processed rice.J)Vitamin C keeps the cells of the body together. It helps skin tissue recover from cuts and burns. Vitamin C in the diet comes from tomatoes, citrus(柑橘类植物)fruits like lemons and oranges, and some vegetables suc
39、h as cabbage and green peppers. Vitamin D is called the “ sunshine“ vitamin. When people sit outside, ultraviolet(紫外线的)rays from the sun change a fat in their skin to vitamin D. Vitamin D is also in cod(鳕鱼)liver oil and the yellow of eggs. It is sometimes added to milk. Vitamin D helps the body abso
40、rb calcium. It helps build strong bones, and it prevents a disease in children that is called rickets(佝偻病). When children have this disease, their bones bend because they do not become hard. Rickets is seldom found in sunny, tropical countries. Rickets is more common in countries that have long wint
41、ers with little sunshine, in cities that have pollution that keeps the sun out, and in towns surrounded by mountains that keep the sun out. There is no one food that is essential, but there are nutrients that are necessary for good health. .If people want to be healthy and active, they need to get a
42、ll the essential nutrients. A healthy body needs carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals and vitamins.（分数：20.00）(1).The body will use protein for energy if there are not enough carbohydrates and fats to consume.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).If people have enough Vitamin C, they can get recovered fast from cut
43、s and burns.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Sugar, in and of itself, is the pure energy and contains no other nutritional value.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Vegetable protein sources are often lacking in essential amino acids, as opposed to animal proteins which are generally considered complete proteins.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:
44、_(5).Without enough vitamin A in the diet, people are more likely to develop vision problems.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(6).Milk and hard cheeses are high in calcium which contributes to healthy bones and teeth.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).If you have a poor diet consisting of too many carbohydrates and fats, your body
45、 will store more fat than the average adult.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(8).Those who do not have enough Vitamin B will suffer from lack of appetite.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(9).Rickets is seldom found in tropical countries because in such countries there is enough sunshine.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(10).Nutrients are classified into five major groups: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals and vitamins.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_11.Section C_In London, over half of the homes built between 1919 and 1980 had one garage. But many are becoming needless. Between 2002 and 2012 the proportion of vehicles
