1、大学英语四级分类模拟题 491 及答案解析(总分：182.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：20.00)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below. You should start you essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on Cultural exchanges. You should write a
2、t least 120 words but no more than 180 wordy. （分数：20.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Declining mental function is often seen as a problem of old age, but certain aspects of brain function actually begin their decline in young adulthood, a new study suggests. The s
3、tudy, which followed more than 2,000 healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 60, found that certain mental functionsincluding measures of abstract reasoning, mental speed and puzzle-solving started to dull as early as age 27. Dips in memory, meanwhile, generally became apparent around age 37. On t
4、he other hand, indicators of a person“s accumulated knowledgelike performance on tests of vocabulary and general knowledgekept improving with age, according to findings published in the journal Neurobiology of Aging . The results do not mean that young adults need to start worrying about their memor
5、ies. Most people“s minds function at a high level even in their later years, according to researcher Timothy Salthouse. “These patterns suggest that some types of mental flexibility decrease relatively early in adulthood, but that the amount of knowledge one has, and the effectiveness of integrating
6、 it with one“s abilities, may increase throughout all of adulthood if there are no diseases,“ Salthouse said in a news release. The study included healthy, educated adults who took standard tests of memory, reasoning and perception at the outset and at some point over the next seven years. The tests
7、 are designed to detect subtle (细微的) changes in mental function, and involve solving puzzles, recalling words and details from stories, and identifying patterns in collections of letters and symbols. In general, Salthouse and his colleagues found, certain aspects of cognition (认知能力) generally starte
8、d to decline in the late 20s to 30s. The findings shed light on normal age-related changes in mental function, which could aid in understanding the process of dementia (痴呆), according to the researchers. “By following individuals over time,“ Salthouse said, “we gain insight in cognition changes, and
9、 may possibly discover ways to slow the rate of decline.“ The researchers are currently analyzing the study participants, health and lifestyle to see which factors might influence age-related cognitive changes.（分数：71.00）(1).What is the common view of mental function?（分数：14.20）A.It varies from person
10、 to person.B.It weakens in one“s later years.C.It gradually expands with age.D.It indicates one“s health condition.(2).What does the new study find about mental functions?（分数：14.20）A.Some diseases inevitably lead to their decline.B.They reach a peak at the age of 20 for most people.C.They are closel
11、y related to physical and mental exercise.D.Some of them begin to decline when people are still young.(3).What does Timothy Salthouse say about people“s minds in most cases?（分数：14.20）A.They tend to decline in people“s later years.B.Their flexibility determines one“s abilities.C.They function quite w
12、ell even in old age.D.Their functioning is still a puzzle to be solved.(4).Although people“s minds may function less flexibly as they age, they _.（分数：14.20）A.may be better at solving puzzlesB.can memorize things with more easeC.may have greater facility in abstract reasoningD.can put what they have
13、learnt into more effective use(5).According to Salthouse, their study may help us _.（分数：14.20）A.find ways to slow down our mental declineB.find ways to boost our memoriesC.understand the complex process of mental functioningD.understand the relation between physical and mental health五、Passage Two(总题
14、数：1，分数：71.00)For anyone who is set on a career in fashion it is not enough to have succeeded in college. The real test is whether they can survive and become established during their early 20s, making a name for themselves in the real world where business skills can count for as much as flair (天赋) a
15、nd creativity. Fashion is a hard business. There is a continuous amount of stress because work is at a constant breakneck speed to prepare for the next season“s collections. It is extremely competitive and there is the constant need to cultivate good coverage in newspapers and magazines. It also req
16、uires continual freshness because the appetite for new ideas is insatiable (不知不足的). “We try to warn people before they come to us about how tough it is“, says Lydia Kemeny, the Head of Fashion at St. Martin“s School of Art in London, “and we point out that drive and determination are essential.“ Thi
17、s may seem far removed from the popular image of trendy and dilettante (业余艺术爱好的) young people spending their time designing pretty dresses. That may well be what they do in their first year of study but a good college won“t be slow in introducing students to commercial realities. “We don“t stamp on
18、the blossoming flower of creativity but in the second year we start introducing the constraints of price, manufacturability, marketing and so on.“ Almost all fashion design is done to a brief. It is not a form of self-expression as such, although there is certainly room for imagination and innovatio
19、n. Most young designers are going to end up as employees of a manufacturer or fashion house and they still need to be able to work within the characteristic style of their employer. Even those students who are most avant-garde (先锋派) in their own taste of clothes and image may need to adapt to produc
20、e designs which are right for the mainstream Marks and Spencer type of market. They also have to be able to work at both the exclusively expensive and the cheap end of the market and the challenge to produce good design inexpensively may well be more demanding than where money is no object.（分数：71.00
21、）(1).To be successful as a fashion designer you must _.（分数：14.20）A.have excellent academic qualificationsB.be able to handle marketing businessC.be well established before you are 20D.have taken an intensive commercial course(2).Why is fashion a continuously stressful business according to the passa
22、ge?（分数：14.20）A.There is always the next season“s hard work to come.B.There is always the need to maintain popularity by ads.C.There is always the requirement to keep freshness.D.There is always the warning of the hardness of fashion.(3).How does St. Martin“s School of Art train her students of fashi
23、on?（分数：14.20）A.Students are always warned of the harshness of fashion industry.B.Students are required to design freely with their imagination the first year.C.Students are taught to design with commercial constraints all the time.D.Students are told not to design clothes on their own taste.(4).The
24、word “brief“ (Line 1, Para. 4) can be replaced by _.（分数：14.20）A.dictateB.employeeC.styleD.simplicity(5).The views on fashion design expressed in this article _.（分数：14.20）A.present an encouraging pictureB.contain some innovative ideasC.dispel some common illusionsD.discount the creative elements六、Par
25、t Translation(总题数：1，分数：20.00)2.新中国成立后，中国政府一直致力于提高女性的社会地位。经过多年的努力，女性群体在社会各个领域产生了不可忽视的力量。近年来，越来越多的女性在政府部门任职，参与的国家政务活动也明显增多。据最近的一份调查数据显示，大约每 3 位企业中高层管理者中就有 1 位是女性。此外，女性在家庭决策中也扮演着越来越重要的角色。 （分数：20.00）_大学英语四级分类模拟题 491 答案解析(总分：182.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：20.00)1.Directions: For this part, you
26、 are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below. You should start you essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on Cultural exchanges. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 wordy. （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：As is vividly portrayed in the cartoon
27、 above, wearing a formal black suit and a stripe tie, a boss is sitting in front of a desk and speaking to his female secretary with a report in her hands. It is obvious that the implication of the drawing is to show us that the cultural exchanges among different nations have reached a rather deep l
28、evel. The fact that people from different countries are attracted to many other cultures indicates that to some extent a culture can be accepted, respected, appreciated and shared internationally. In other words, a nation“s distinctive culture can become international through worldwide economic and
29、cultural exchanges. Since the trend of globalization becomes irresistible, the increasing cultural exchanges can effectively improve mutual understanding and friendship among different cultures. It is my view that a national culture as a priceless spiritual treasure should be preserved and cherished
30、. Meanwhile, there are good reasons to advocate international cultures, for those ideas from other cultures can provide a different perspective for us to observe the world in the long run.二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Declining mental function is often seen as a pro
31、blem of old age, but certain aspects of brain function actually begin their decline in young adulthood, a new study suggests. The study, which followed more than 2,000 healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 60, found that certain mental functionsincluding measures of abstract reasoning, mental sp
32、eed and puzzle-solving started to dull as early as age 27. Dips in memory, meanwhile, generally became apparent around age 37. On the other hand, indicators of a person“s accumulated knowledgelike performance on tests of vocabulary and general knowledgekept improving with age, according to findings
33、published in the journal Neurobiology of Aging . The results do not mean that young adults need to start worrying about their memories. Most people“s minds function at a high level even in their later years, according to researcher Timothy Salthouse. “These patterns suggest that some types of mental
34、 flexibility decrease relatively early in adulthood, but that the amount of knowledge one has, and the effectiveness of integrating it with one“s abilities, may increase throughout all of adulthood if there are no diseases,“ Salthouse said in a news release. The study included healthy, educated adul
35、ts who took standard tests of memory, reasoning and perception at the outset and at some point over the next seven years. The tests are designed to detect subtle (细微的) changes in mental function, and involve solving puzzles, recalling words and details from stories, and identifying patterns in colle
36、ctions of letters and symbols. In general, Salthouse and his colleagues found, certain aspects of cognition (认知能力) generally started to decline in the late 20s to 30s. The findings shed light on normal age-related changes in mental function, which could aid in understanding the process of dementia (
37、痴呆), according to the researchers. “By following individuals over time,“ Salthouse said, “we gain insight in cognition changes, and may possibly discover ways to slow the rate of decline.“ The researchers are currently analyzing the study participants, health and lifestyle to see which factors might
38、 influence age-related cognitive changes.（分数：71.00）(1).What is the common view of mental function?（分数：14.20）A.It varies from person to person.B.It weakens in one“s later years. C.It gradually expands with age.D.It indicates one“s health condition.解析：解析 细节辨认题。定位部分指出，心智功能逐渐衰退经常被视作一种老年间题。由此可见，人们普遍认为晚年时
39、心智功能逐渐衰退，故答案为 B。(2).What does the new study find about mental functions?（分数：14.20）A.Some diseases inevitably lead to their decline.B.They reach a peak at the age of 20 for most people.C.They are closely related to physical and mental exercise.D.Some of them begin to decline when people are still you
40、ng. 解析：解析 细节辨认题。定位部分指出，一项新研究表明，其实某些大脑功能在成年初期就已经开始衰退了。该句中成年初期指的就是很年轻的时候，故答案为 D。(3).What does Timothy Salthouse say about people“s minds in most cases?（分数：14.20）A.They tend to decline in people“s later years.B.Their flexibility determines one“s abilities.C.They function quite well even in old age. D.T
41、heir functioning is still a puzzle to be solved.解析：解析 细节辨认题。定位句指出，根据研究者蒂莫西萨尔特豪斯的说法，大部分人的思维功能甚至在晚年都会处于较高的水平。C 中的 in old age 是对定位句中的 in their later years 的同义转述，故答案为 C。(4).Although people“s minds may function less flexibly as they age, they _.（分数：14.20）A.may be better at solving puzzlesB.can memorize t
42、hings with more easeC.may have greater facility in abstract reasoningD.can put what they have learnt into more effective use 解析：解析 推理判断题。定位段指出，这些模式表明，某些方面的思维灵活度在成年初期会相对下降，但只要一个人没有疾病，他具备多少知识，以及把这些知识和能力有效结合的能力，也许会在整个成年期随着年龄的增长而增强。D 的含义是他们能有效地应用所学到的知识，与定位段表述一致，故答案为 D。(5).According to Salthouse, their s
43、tudy may help us _.（分数：14.20）A.find ways to slow down our mental decline B.find ways to boost our memoriesC.understand the complex process of mental functioningD.understand the relation between physical and mental health解析：解析 推理判断题。定位段指出，通过长期追踪研究个体，我们在认知能力的变化方面有了一定的发现，同时也有可能发现减缓这种衰退速度的方法。A 的含义也是找到减缓
44、心智功能衰退的办法，故答案为 A。五、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：71.00)For anyone who is set on a career in fashion it is not enough to have succeeded in college. The real test is whether they can survive and become established during their early 20s, making a name for themselves in the real world where business skills can
45、count for as much as flair (天赋) and creativity. Fashion is a hard business. There is a continuous amount of stress because work is at a constant breakneck speed to prepare for the next season“s collections. It is extremely competitive and there is the constant need to cultivate good coverage in news
46、papers and magazines. It also requires continual freshness because the appetite for new ideas is insatiable (不知不足的). “We try to warn people before they come to us about how tough it is“, says Lydia Kemeny, the Head of Fashion at St. Martin“s School of Art in London, “and we point out that drive and
47、determination are essential.“ This may seem far removed from the popular image of trendy and dilettante (业余艺术爱好的) young people spending their time designing pretty dresses. That may well be what they do in their first year of study but a good college won“t be slow in introducing students to commerci
48、al realities. “We don“t stamp on the blossoming flower of creativity but in the second year we start introducing the constraints of price, manufacturability, marketing and so on.“ Almost all fashion design is done to a brief. It is not a form of self-expression as such, although there is certainly room for imagination and innovation. Most young designers are going to end up as employees of a manufacturer or fashion house and they still need to be able to work within the characteristic style of their employer. Even those students who are most avant-garde (先锋派
