1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 274 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Section C（分数：10.00）_People appear to be born to compute. The numerical skills of children develop so early and so inexorably (坚定地) that it is easy to imagine an interna
2、l clock of mathematical maturity guiding their growth. Not long after learning to walk and talk, they can set the table with impressive accuracyone plate, one knife, one spoon, one fork, for each of the five chairs. Soon they are capable of noting that they have placed five knives, five spoons, and
3、five forks on the table and, a bit later, that this amounts to fifteen pieces of silverware. Having thus mastered addition, they move on to subtraction. It seems almost reasonable to expect that if a child were secluded on a desert island at birth and retrieved seven years later, he or she could ent
4、er a second-grade mathematics class without any serious problems of intellectual adjustment. Of course, the truth is not so simple. In this century, the work of cognitive psychologists has illuminated the subtle forms of daily learning on which intellectual progress depends. Children were observed a
5、s they slowly graspedor, as the case might be, bumped intoconcepts that adults take for granted, as they refused, for instance, to concede that quantity is unchanged as water pours from a short stout glass into a tall thin one. Psychologists have since demonstrated that young children, when asked to
6、 count the pencils in a pile, readily report the number of blue or red pencils, but must be coaxed (说服) into finding the total. Such studies have suggested that the rudiments (基本原理) of mathematics are mastered gradually, and with effort. They have also suggested that the very concept of abstract num
7、bersthe idea of a oneness, a twoness, a threeness that applies to any class of objects and is prerequisite (先决条件) for doing anything more mathematically demanding than setting a table-is itself far from innate.（分数：10.00）(1).After children have helped to set the table with impressive accuracy, they_.
8、（分数：2.00）A.are able to help parents serve dishesB.tend to do more complicated houseworkC.are able to figure out the total piecesD.can enter a second-grade mathematics class(2).It is _ to believe that the quantity of water keeps unchanged when it is contained in two different glasses.（分数：2.00）A.easy
9、to persuade childrenB.hard for most childrenC.the innate of most childrenD.difficult for both adults and children(3).It can be inferred from the passage that children are likely to _ when they are asked to count all the balls of different colors.（分数：2.00）A.give the accurate answerB.count the balls o
10、f each colorC.be too confused to do anythingD.make minor mistakes(4).According to this passage, _ is mastered by birth.（分数：2.00）A.the ability to survive in a desert islandB.the way of setting tablesC.the basic principles of mathematicsD.the concept of oneness(5).Whats the authors attitude towards “c
11、hildrens numerical skills“?（分数：2.00）A.Critical.B.Approving.C.Questioning.D.Objective.Teenage boys, regardless of race, are more likely to die from gunshot wounds than from all natural causes combined. By the time the average American child leaves elementary school, he or she will witness 8,000 murde
12、rs and more than 100,000 acts of violence on television. Youth are becoming involved in violence at an alarming rate. In fact, the youth arrest rate for murder doubled, from 6 arrests per 100,000 youth age 10 to 17 to over 12 per 100,000. The American Psychological Association Commission on Violence
13、 and Youth reported on a study of first and second graders in Washington D.C.: 45% said they had witnessed muggings (行凶抢劫), 31% said they had witnessed shootings, and 39% said they had seen dead bodies. For the many youth who have not been directly exposed to violence in their own communities, the e
14、ntertainment media(television, movies, music and video games, provides many opportunities for children to see and hear violent exchanges. Research shows that there are about 5-6 violent acts per hour on prime time and 20-25 violent acts on Saturday morning childrens programming. In its report, Psych
15、ology and You: Violence on Television, the American Psychological Association(APA) reported that viewing violence on television hurts children in many ways. In particular, the APA concludes that children may become less sensitive to the pain and suffering of others, be more fearful of the world arou
16、nd them, be more likely to behave in aggressive or harmful ways toward others, and gradually accept violence as a way to solve problems. The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry also cautions that children may imitate the violence they observe on television. Another form of violence i
17、nvolving youth is physical punishment in the schools. This form of discipline still remains legally supported in 23 of our nations states. The Office for Civil Rights in the Department of Education reported that 555,000 students were physically punished in the schools during this school year. Althou
18、gh such punishment has been regarded as an effective method of discipline by those who apply it, the findings are obvious that physical punishment does not work and that children who are victims of physical punishment are subject to potential long-term physical and emotional damage.（分数：10.00）(1).Acc
19、ording to the passage, the American teenage boys lives are most threatened by_.（分数：2.00）A.gun murdersB.natural diseasesC.TV violenceD.physical punishment(2).The author tends to use the fourth paragraph to support the idea that_.（分数：2.00）A.many youth have watched much violence on TVB.youth violence i
20、n Washington D.C. is very seriousC.fights may be the most widely-seen youth violenceD.American youth have been exposed to much violence(3).The APA.indicates that too much TV violence may change children_.（分数：2.00）A.to become isolated from the worldB.to remain indifferent to others painC.to solve pro
21、blems only by violenceD.to be fearful of aggressive behaviors(4).The passage does NOT discuss that many youth become victims of_.（分数：2.00）A.murdersB.family violenceC.TV violenceD.school violence(5).The author may most probably agree that physical punishment is _.（分数：2.00）A.acceptable, though ineffec
22、tiveB.illegal, though effectiveC.harmful, though legalD.reasonable, though harmfulWomen are on the verge of outnumbering men in the workforce for the first time, a historic reversal caused by long-term changes in womens roles and massive job losses for men during this recession. Women held 49.83% of
23、 the nations 132 million jobs in June and theyre gaining the vast majority of jobs in the few sectors of the economy that are growing, according to the most recent numbers available from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Thats a record high for a measure thats been growing steadily for decades and acc
24、elerating during the recession. At the current pace, women will become a majority of workers in October or November. “Women have struggled long and hard to get to this point,“ says labor economist Heidi Hartmann, president of the Institute for Womens Policy Research. The change reflects the growing
25、importance of women as wage earners, but it doesnt show full equality, Hartmann says. On average, women work fewer hours than men, hold more part-time jobs and earn 77% of what men make, she says. Men also still dominate higher-paying executive ranks. Women have been a growing share of the once heav
26、ily male labor force for nearly a century, recording big bumps during epoch-making events such as World War n. This time, the boost came from a severe recession that has been brutal on male-dominated professions such as construction and manufacturing. The only parts of the economy still growinghealt
27、h care, education and governmenthave traditionally hired mostly women. That dominance has increased in part because federal stimulus funding directed money to education, health care and state and local governments. The gender transformation is especially remarkable in local governments 14.6 million-
28、person workforce. Cities, schools, water authorities and other local legal power have cut 86,000 men from payrolls during the recessionwhile adding 167,000 women, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Equality in workforce numbers reflects a long-term cultural change, says Maureen Honey, auth
29、or of Creating Rosie the Riveter, a book about the governments campaign to persuade women to work outside the home during World War II. “The image that the man has to be the breadwinner has changed,“ Honey says.（分数：10.00）(1).What happens to the workforce during this recession?（分数：2.00）A.Women take t
30、he most jobs in the economy.B.Women outnumber men in few sectors.C.Men become substantially unemployed.D.Men make up the most profitable sectors.(2).What does Hartmann think of women working fewer hours than men?（分数：2.00）A.Its one of the reasons why women have to do part-time jobs.B.Its resulted fro
31、m mens domination of higher-paying jobs.C.It reflects womens financial importance in their family.D.It reflects women are still regarded as unequal to men.(3).During World War II, the women workforce _.（分数：2.00）A.increased sharplyB.decreased suddenlyC.took over the male-dominated professionsD.brough
32、t about record-high employment rate(4).The federal stimulus funding is intended to _.（分数：2.00）A.encourage more women to take up a careerB.help women to be confident of their careerC.finance the development of health care, education and governmentsD.enable women to dominate health care, education and
33、 governments(5).The passage mainly illustrates the point that_.（分数：2.00）A.equality in workforce number is a cultural issueB.women will soon become a majority of workersC.women should not be restrained inside the homeD.the recession has severely changed the workforceA friend of mine, in response to a
34、 conversation we were having about the injustices of life, asked me the question: “Who said life was going to be fair, or that it was even meant to be fair?“ Her question was a good one. It reminded me of something I was taught as a youngsterlife isnt fair. Its a disappointment, but its absolutely t
35、rue. One of the mistakes many of us make is that we feel sorry for ourselves, or for others, thinking that life should be fair, or that someday it will be. Its not and it wont One of the nice things about surrendering to the fact that life isnt fair is that it keeps us from feeling sorry for ourselv
36、es by encouraging us to do the very best we can with what we have. We know its not “lifes job“ to make everything perfect; its our own challenge. Surrendering to this fact also keeps us from feeling sorry for others because we are reminded that everyone is dealt a different hand (一手牌); everyone has
37、unique strengths and problems in the process of growing up, facing the reality and making decisions, and everyone has those times that they feel victimized or unfairly treated. The fact that life isnt fair doesnt mean we shouldnt do everything in our power to improve our own lives or the world as a
38、whole. To the contrary, it suggests that we should. When we dont recognize or admit that life isnt fair, we tend to feel pity for others and for ourselves. Pity, of course, is a self-defeating emotion that does nothing for anyone, except to make everyone feel worse than they already do. When we do r
39、ecognize that life isnt fair, however, we feel sympathy for others and for ourselves. And sympathy is a heartfelt emotion that delivers loving kindness to everyone it touches. The next time you find yourself thinking about the injustices of the world, try reminding yourself of this very basic fact Y
40、ou may be surprised that it can push you out of self-pity and into helpful action.（分数：10.00）(1).The author thought of his friends question as a good one because _.（分数：2.00）A.he also wanted to know who held such an opinionB.it made him recall something during his childhoodC.like his friend, he also t
41、hought life was unfairD.he learned something from the question as a youngster(2).Surrendering to the fact that life isnt fair will _.（分数：2.00）A.keep us from making everything perfectB.keep us from doing everything in our powerC.make us face challenges in the life bravelyD.make us know its our duty t
42、o perfect things(3).The second paragraph of the passage mainly discusses_.（分数：2.00）A.its nice to accept the injustice of lifeB.its nice to surrender to the lifeC.we should not surrender to the lifeD.we should not feel sorry for ourselves(4).In the last paragraph, “this very basic fact“ refers to the
43、 fact that_.（分数：2.00）A.you should not pity for othersB.life isnt and wont be fairC.sympathy is a heartfelt emotionD.pity is a self-defeating emotion(5).From the passage, we can learn that the authors attitude to life is _.（分数：2.00）A.positiveB.negativeC.self-pityD.indifferent大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 274 答案
44、解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Section C（分数：10.00）_解析：People appear to be born to compute. The numerical skills of children develop so early and so inexorably (坚定地) that it is easy to imagine an internal clock of mathemati
45、cal maturity guiding their growth. Not long after learning to walk and talk, they can set the table with impressive accuracyone plate, one knife, one spoon, one fork, for each of the five chairs. Soon they are capable of noting that they have placed five knives, five spoons, and five forks on the ta
46、ble and, a bit later, that this amounts to fifteen pieces of silverware. Having thus mastered addition, they move on to subtraction. It seems almost reasonable to expect that if a child were secluded on a desert island at birth and retrieved seven years later, he or she could enter a second-grade ma
47、thematics class without any serious problems of intellectual adjustment. Of course, the truth is not so simple. In this century, the work of cognitive psychologists has illuminated the subtle forms of daily learning on which intellectual progress depends. Children were observed as they slowly graspe
48、dor, as the case might be, bumped intoconcepts that adults take for granted, as they refused, for instance, to concede that quantity is unchanged as water pours from a short stout glass into a tall thin one. Psychologists have since demonstrated that young children, when asked to count the pencils in a pile, readily report the number of blue or red pencils, but must be coaxed (说服) into finding the total. Such studies h
