1、大学英语四级综合-18 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Short Answer Questio(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Icebergs are among natures most spectacular creations, and yet most people have never seen one. A vague air of mystery envelops them. They come into being- somewhere-in faraway, frigid (寒冷的) waters, amid thunderous noise an
2、d splash- ing turbulence, which in most cases no one hears or sees. They exist only a short time and then slowly Waste away just as unnoticed.Objects of sheerest beauty, they have been called. Appearing in an endless variety of shapes, they may be dazzlingly white, or they may be glassy blue, green
3、or purple, tinted faintly or in darker hues. They are graceful, stately, inspiring in calm, sunlit seas.But they are also called frightening and dangerous, and that they are-in the night, in the fog and in storms. Even in clear weather one is wise to stay a safe distance away from them. Most of thei
4、r bulk is hidden below the water, so their underwater parts may extend out far beyond the visible top. Also, they may roll over unexpectedly, churning the waters around them.Icebergs are parts of glaciers that break off, drift into the water, float about awhile, and finally melt. Icebergs afloat tod
5、ay are made of snowflakes thai have fallen over long ages of time. They embody snows that drifted down hundreds, or many thousands or some cases maybe a million years ago. The snows fell in Polar Regions and on cold mountains, where they melted only a little or not at all, and so collected to great
6、depths over the years and centuries.As each years snow accumulation lay on the surface, evaporation and melting caused the snowflakes slowly to lose their feathery points and become tiny grains of ice. When new snow fell on the top of the old, it turned to icy grains. So blankets of snow and ice gra
7、ins mounted layer upon layer and were of such great thickness that the weight of the upper layers compressed the lower ones. With time and pressure from above, the many small ice grains joined and changed to larger crystals, and eventually the deeper crystals merged into a solid mass of ice.（分数：20.0
8、0）(1).Why is it rare to see icebergs?（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_(2).Why are the icebergs frightening and dangerous?（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_(3).What do icebergs originate from?（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_(4).Snowflakes slowly become grains of ice because of_.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_(5).The author considers the icebergs to be_and also_.（分数
9、：4.00）填空项 1:_二、Cloze(总题数：1，分数：60.00)Modem people wear many masks that keep their reality confined and un- known, even to (1) . The possibility of encountering ones (2) , learning about ones self, is frightening and (3) . Many people expect to discover the (4) . A hidden fear (5) in the fact that the
10、y may also discover the best.To discover the worst is to face the decision of (6) or not to continue in the same pattern. To learn the best is to face the decision of whether or not to live up (7) it. (8) discovery may involve change and (9) causes anxiety. (10) , this can be a creative anxiety whic
11、h may be thought of as excitement-the excitement of enhancing ones (11) for being a winner.Transactional analysis (相互作用 分析) is a(n) (12) you can use to know yourself, to know how you relate to others, and to discover the dramatic (13) your life is taking. The unit of personality structure is the ego
12、 state. By becoming (14) of your ego state, you can (15) between your various sources of thoughts, feelings, and behavior pattern. You can be more aware of the choices available to you.The unit of measure in inter- personal relationships is the (16) . By analyzing your transactions, you can gain a (
13、17) conscious control of how you operate with other people and how they operate with you. Transactional analysis is a practical (18) from which you can (19) old decisions and behavior and change (20) you decide is desirable for you to change.（分数：60.00）A.herselfB.themselvesC.ourselvesD.himselfA.maskB
14、.armorC.realityD.factA.frustratingB.excitingC.interestingD.encouragingA.bestB.worstC.betterD.worseA.reliesB.liesC.basesD.accordingA.howB.whyC.whatD.whetherA.toB.onC.withD.inA.BothB.EitherC.OneD.NeitherA.thereforeB.howeverC.evenD.butA.ThereforeB.MoreoverC.ThenD.HoweverA.possibilityB.patternC.anxietyD
15、.decisionA.instrumentB.applianceC.equipmentD.toolA.courseB.processC.trackD.directionA.bewareB.awareC.awakeD.unconsciousA.chooseB.changeC.distinguishD.compareA.transactionB.transitionC.transmissionD.transformationA.muchB.moreC.fewD.littlcA.desireB.frameC.stageD.stepA.evaluateB.changeC.makeD.decideA.w
16、hichB.thatC.whetherD.what三、Translation(总题数：5，分数：20.00)1.The workers of this factory had to have two days holiday 1(由于发动机出现故障).（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_2. 1(正如不懂失败的人根本不懂成功一样), a person who has not experienced suffering or sadness never knows what happiness means.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_3.Traffic accidents occur with
17、alarming frequency, 1 (造成国家财产和生命的巨大损失).（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_4. 1(要是我来做这件事), I would do it in a different way.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_5. 1(不是我不想帮你); its just that I dont have the time.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_大学英语四级综合-18 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Short Answer Questio(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Icebergs are among natures most specta
18、cular creations, and yet most people have never seen one. A vague air of mystery envelops them. They come into being- somewhere-in faraway, frigid (寒冷的) waters, amid thunderous noise and splash- ing turbulence, which in most cases no one hears or sees. They exist only a short time and then slowly Wa
19、ste away just as unnoticed.Objects of sheerest beauty, they have been called. Appearing in an endless variety of shapes, they may be dazzlingly white, or they may be glassy blue, green or purple, tinted faintly or in darker hues. They are graceful, stately, inspiring in calm, sunlit seas.But they ar
20、e also called frightening and dangerous, and that they are-in the night, in the fog and in storms. Even in clear weather one is wise to stay a safe distance away from them. Most of their bulk is hidden below the water, so their underwater parts may extend out far beyond the visible top. Also, they m
21、ay roll over unexpectedly, churning the waters around them.Icebergs are parts of glaciers that break off, drift into the water, float about awhile, and finally melt. Icebergs afloat today are made of snowflakes thai have fallen over long ages of time. They embody snows that drifted down hundreds, or
22、 many thousands or some cases maybe a million years ago. The snows fell in Polar Regions and on cold mountains, where they melted only a little or not at all, and so collected to great depths over the years and centuries.As each years snow accumulation lay on the surface, evaporation and melting cau
23、sed the snowflakes slowly to lose their feathery points and become tiny grains of ice. When new snow fell on the top of the old, it turned to icy grains. So blankets of snow and ice grains mounted layer upon layer and were of such great thickness that the weight of the upper layers compressed the lo
24、wer ones. With time and pressure from above, the many small ice grains joined and changed to larger crystals, and eventually the deeper crystals merged into a solid mass of ice.（分数：20.00）(1).Why is it rare to see icebergs?（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Because they exist only a short time）解析：解析 细节题。由第一段最后一句
25、exist only a short time and then slowly waste away just as unnoticed可知，冰山不容易被看到的原因。waste away意为“日益消瘦，日渐衰弱”。(2).Why are the icebergs frightening and dangerous?（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Because most of their bulk is hidden below the water）解析：解析 细节题。第三段主要介绍了为什么冰山是令人害怕和危险的，其中第三句 Most of their bulk is hidde
26、n below the water交代了具体原因，由此可知答案。(3).What do icebergs originate from?（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：They originate from glaciers）解析：解析 细节题。第四段主要交代冰山形成的过程，其中第一句指出“冰山是冰川的一部分”，由此可知，冰山来源于冰川。(4).Snowflakes slowly become grains of ice because of_.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：evaporation and melting）解析：解析 细节题。由最后一段第一句话可知
27、 evaporation(蒸发)and melting(融化)促使雪花变成冰。(5).The author considers the icebergs to be_and also_.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：spectacular，mysterious，beautiful/frightening and dangerous）解析：解析 细节题。第一段前两句指 Icebergsmost spectacular creationsA vague air of mystery envelops them，可以知道作者认为冰山是 spectacular和 mysterious的
28、，第二段中又用Objects of sheerest beauty，they have been called 描述冰山，在第三段中作者又提到 frightening and dangerous，由此可得出答案。二、Cloze(总题数：1，分数：60.00)Modem people wear many masks that keep their reality confined and un- known, even to (1) . The possibility of encountering ones (2) , learning about ones self, is frighten
29、ing and (3) . Many people expect to discover the (4) . A hidden fear (5) in the fact that they may also discover the best.To discover the worst is to face the decision of (6) or not to continue in the same pattern. To learn the best is to face the decision of whether or not to live up (7) it. (8) di
30、scovery may involve change and (9) causes anxiety. (10) , this can be a creative anxiety which may be thought of as excitement-the excitement of enhancing ones (11) for being a winner.Transactional analysis (相互作用 分析) is a(n) (12) you can use to know yourself, to know how you relate to others, and to
31、 discover the dramatic (13) your life is taking. The unit of personality structure is the ego state. By becoming (14) of your ego state, you can (15) between your various sources of thoughts, feelings, and behavior pattern. You can be more aware of the choices available to you.The unit of measure in
32、 inter- personal relationships is the (16) . By analyzing your transactions, you can gain a (17) conscious control of how you operate with other people and how they operate with you. Transactional analysis is a practical (18) from which you can (19) old decisions and behavior and change (20) you dec
33、ide is desirable for you to change.（分数：60.00）A.herselfB.themselves C.ourselvesD.himself解析：解析 逻辑衔接题，此处讲的是现代人，故用 himself或 herself都不对；由短文第一句中的keep their reality可知，短文采用的是第三人称，所以 B正确。A.maskB.armorC.reality D.fact解析：解析 逻辑衔接题。本题属于同义复现，短文第一句提到 keep their reality confined and unknown，所以 C正确，即“发现真实的自己”；mask 意
34、为“掩饰，面具”，armor 意为“装甲”，fact意为“事实”，均排除。A.frustrating B.excitingC.interestingD.encouraging解析：解析 词义辨析题。结合空格前的 frightening和 and可知，空格处应填入与 frightening感情色彩相近的词。frustrating 意为“沮丧的”，exciting 意为“令人兴奋的”，interesting 意为“有趣的”，encouraging 意为“奖励的”，结合句意可知，A 正确。A.bestB.worst C.betterD.worse解析：解析 逻辑衔接题。本题属于反义复现。下文指出 t
35、hey may also discover the best，由此可知，空格处应填入表示“最坏的”之意的词，所以 B正确。A.reliesB.lies C.basesD.according解析：解析 惯用搭配题。rely 和 base常与 on搭配使用，rely on 意为“依赖于”；base on 意为“以为基础”；according 常与 to连用，意为“根据”；lie in 是惯用搭配，意为“在于”。结合句意可知，B 正确。A.howB.whyC.whatD.whether 解析：解析 惯用搭配题。结合空格后的 or not可知，选项中只有 whether能与 or not搭配，意为“是
36、否”，而且由下一句也可推出 D正确。A.to B.onC.withD.in解析：解析 惯用搭配题。live up to 是惯用搭配，意为“达到，做到”，所以 A正确。A.BothB.Either C.OneD.Neither解析：解析 词义辨析题。both 指“两者都”，either 指“两者之一”，one 泛指“一个”，neither指“两者都不”。结合上下文可知，上面提到了最坏和最好的两种发现，发现任何一个都涉及改变，所以此处应指“两者之一”，故选 B。A.therefore B.howeverC.evenD.but解析：解析 逻辑衔接题。空格前句意为“发现任何一个都涉及改变”，空格后意为
37、“导致焦虑”，推知前后为因果关系，选项中只有 therefore表因果关系，故选 A。A.ThereforeB.MoreoverC.ThenD.However 解析：解析 逻辑衔接题。空格前句谈到焦虑，是负面影响，空格所在句谈到其积极的一面，两者之间为转折关系，所以 D正确。A.possibility B.patternC.anxietyD.decision解析：解析 词义辨析题。possibility 意为“可能性”，联系上文可知，本句是对 excitement的进一步说明，即“可能会激起一个人想要成功的激情”，故选 A；pattern 意为“样式”，anxiety 意为“焦虑”，decis
38、ion 意为“决定”，均排除。A.instrumentB.applianceC.equipmentD.tool 解析：解析 词义辨析题。instrument 意为“器械”，appliance 意为“用具，器具”，equipment 意为“装备，设备”，tool 意为“方法，手段”，结合句意“相互作用分析法是一种能用来了解自己的_”可知，D 正确。A.course B.processC.trackD.direction解析：解析 词义辨析题。course 意为“道路，路线”，结合上下文和句意“知道自己人生所走的富有戏剧性的_”可知，A 正确；process 意为“过程”，track 意为“轨迹”
39、，direction 意为“方向”，均排除。A.bewareB.aware C.awakeD.unconscious解析：解析 词义辨析题。beware 意为“小心，谨防”，是动词；aware 意为“意识到的”，是形容词；awake意为“醒的”，unconscious 意为“无意识的”。由于 become后面不能接动词，故排除 A；而后面能接 of的有 B、D 两项，再结合句意可知，B 正确。含“小心”之意的词组辨析：be aware of 意为“知道，意识到”，例如：I was not aware of the fire我没有意识到火。beware of 意为“注意，当心”，例如：We ha
40、d to beware of the icy patches on the road我们要小心路面上的冰。be unconscious of 意为“没有意识到”，例如：I was unconscious of her presence我不知道她在场。A.chooseB.changeC.distinguish D.compare解析：解析 惯用搭配题。选项中能与 beteen搭配的只有 distinguish，distinguish between 意为“区分，分辨”，所以 C正确；choose 意为“选择”，change 意为“改变”，compare 意为“比较”，均排除。A.transact
41、ion B.transitionC.transmissionD.transformation解析：解析 词义辨析题。transaction 意为“交流，沟通”，transition 意为“转变，转换”，transmission意为“播送，发射”，transformation 意为“变化，转化”，结合句意可知，A 正确。另外，本题下文紧接着出现了 transactions，空格处相当于它的同义复现，由此也可得出正确答案。A.muchB.more C.fewD.littlc解析：解析 逻辑衔接题。结合上下文和句意“通过分析你的人际沟通，你可以清醒地控制自己和他人的交往”可知，相互作用分析能帮助人们
42、了解自己的行为，从而进行控制。所以应该是更清醒地控制自己，故选 B。A.desireB.frame C.stageD.step解析：解析 词义辨析题。frame 有“形式”之意，结合句意“相互作用分析是一种有效的了解自身的_”可知，B 正确；desire 意为“愿望”，stage 意为“阶段”，step 意为“步骤”，均排除。A.evaluate B.changeC.makeD.decide解析：解析 词义辨析题。evaluate 意为“评价，估计”，结合空格后的 old decision可知，对之前的决定已经无法改变或重做决定，只能对其进行评价，故选 A；change 意为“改变”，make
43、 意为“制造，产生”，decide 意为“决定”，均排除。A.whichB.thatC.whetherD.what 解析：解析 语法结构题。空格处应填入的关系代词既要作前面 change的宾语，又要作后面句子的主语，所以只能用 what，故选 D。三、Translation(总题数：5，分数：20.00)1.The workers of this factory had to have two days holiday 1(由于发动机出现故障).（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：because of the breakdown of the engine）解析：解析 “由于”可译作
44、 due to/owing to/as a result of/because of等，后面接名词短语break-down of the engine。2. 1(正如不懂失败的人根本不懂成功一样), a person who has not experienced suffering or sadness never knows what happiness means.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Just as a person who does not know failure never knows success）解析：解析 “正如一样”译作 just as，从译文给
45、出的句式可看出从句最好也用 a person whonever knows句式，这样答案就出来了。3.Traffic accidents occur with alarming frequency, 1 (造成国家财产和生命的巨大损失).（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：resulting in heavy losses of both lives and state property）解析：解析 本题考查动词的现在分词短语作伴随状语的用法，“造成”即“导致”，译作 result in，“巨大损失”译作 great losses或 heavy losses。4. 1(要是我来做这件
46、事), I would do it in a different way.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：If were to do it）解析：解析 由句意可知本题考查虚拟语气的用法。此类句子通常用 if表假设，由于是虚拟条件句，句子为第一人称，谓语动词应为 were，即 if I were to do it。5. 1(不是我不想帮你); its just that I dont have the time.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Its not that I dont want to help you）解析：解析 本题考查 it作形式主语的用法。可以使用句型 its not that或 its not because，但空格后句子中用了 its just that句型，而且两个句子是用分号连接的，所以空格处也用 Itsthat的句型，故答案为 Its not that I dont want to help you。
