1、公共英语四级-118 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Listening (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Scotland Scotland has an area of 1 square kilometers. 1 Two thirds of Scotland is 2. 2 The highest mountain of Scotland is 3 meters high. 3 Which city is the capital city of Scotland? 4 Glasgow is the 4 c
2、ity of Scotland. 5 （分数：5.00）填空项 1:_三、Part B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）(1). What is the function of incisors? （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2). What do our teeth need to fuel? （分数：1.00）(3). What are the best sources of vitamin C? （分数：1.00）(4). Vitamin C contributes a lot to 1. （分数：1.00）(5). We had better choose food
3、 that contains little or no 1 to protect teeth. （分数：1.00）四、Part C(总题数：3，分数：10.00)Questions 1113 are based on the following passage. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 1113. （分数：3.00）(1).In the USA, how many children smoke every day?（分数：1.00）A.two fifthsB.63 percentC.About one in fiveD.63,000(
4、2).Why should children be educated about the harm of smoking at an early age?（分数：1.00）A.Because small children are more curious about cigarettes.B.Because smoking is difficult to give up for children.C.Because the early age is the time to form values.D.Because children“s health is more venerable to
5、the hurt of cigarette.(3).What can be inferred from the passage?（分数：1.00）A.11 percent of boys in America smoke before their fourth grade.B.Nicotine is a part of cigarette.C.Children form values in the fourth grade.D.Parents who cannot stop smoking should force their children to stay away from it.Que
6、stions 1416 are based on the following talk on a dialogue between a man and a woman. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 1416. （分数：3.00）(1).What is the value of work for Mr. Smith?（分数：1.00）A.Making contribution.B.Gaining self-esteem.C.Making a living.D.Realizing ideal.(2).According to the dial
7、ogue, which of the following is true for the woman?（分数：1.00）A.She doesn“t agree with that money is a badge for success.B.She believes that money and status can not be separated.C.She hardly likes her profession.D.She thinks making money is the most important factor as for work.(3).What can be inferr
8、ed from the dialogue?（分数：1.00）A.Mr. Smith is not good at his work.B.The boss doesn“t trust Mr. Smith.C.Mr. Smith is keen on his job.D.The two speakers are employer and employee.Questions 1720 are based on the following passage. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 1720. （分数：4.00）(1).Why does th
9、e speaker say that radiation is similar to radio waves?（分数：1.00）A.Because both of them can be detected by human senses.B.Because both of them can be sensed by a radio receiver.C.Because both of them are harmful.D.Because both of them can only be detected by devices.(2).According to the passage, why
10、does the cancer increase?（分数：1.00）A.Because people expose too much to the computer.B.Because people don“t care about the low levels of radiation.C.Because the cells are killed by radiation.D.Because the cells produce themselves in an unusual way.(3).Which of the following is true according to the pa
11、ssage?（分数：1.00）A.Radiation at low levels is harmless.B.Radiation produces cells in a strange way.C.Radiation can lead to cancer.D.Radiation“s damage is obvious.(4).Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Cancer can be passed on to the next generation.B.Senior citizens are
12、more vulnerable to the hurt of radiation.C.The impact of radiation can be accessible over generations.D.Scientists have found out solutions to radiation.五、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Electricity plays an essential part in our life. No one can deny that electric light is necessary for people“s
13、life. However, can you imagine such a world where there is no 1 of electric light? As darkness falls over, children read in the light given by oil lamps and candies. Youths 2 time only by talking instead of watching TV. Everything is surrounded by 3 shadows. 4 , we have a man named Edison. He create
14、d bulb that 5 for two days before burning out. He also developed successfully a system for 6 electricity from a central powerhouse. It is he that gives us electric light, gramophone, moving picturesall those we take 7 granted. After the invention of electricity, manufacturers increasingly applied th
15、e findings of invention to their businesses, 8 generating new industrial growth. Development of electricity leads to the 9 creations of new products and materials. In the past century and a half, electricity has steadily 10 . At first, it is scientific curiosity, then to a luxurious part of the 11 ,
16、 and then to being necessary in every one“s life. Electricity has been common in the latest fifty years. Simple tasks, such as setting alarm clock to wake up at a 12 time or enjoying a piece of music, are accomplished via electronic means. We live with the benefits of electricity every day. As a res
17、ult, we always think that whenever we 13 our gadgets into the wall socket, the power will be there. For most modern people, the loss of power means the complete loss of 14 . Their lifestyle is so dependent upon the grid“s constancy 15 they do not know how to live without it. How do you cook a meal w
18、ithout electricity if your gas stove has an electric ignition? Please imagine the life without electricity further. What do you do with a freezer full of food in a hot day? How do you find out what is happening in your area with the TV and radio off? These are questions which should be seriously con
19、sidered. Let us imagine the 16 of a short power outage together. Factories close down; phones and computers go dead; food 17 in refrigerators. What a disordered life that would be! All the convenience which electricity has brought to our life should owe to Edison. When Edison died at has home in New
20、 Jersey in 1931, the whole United States were switched off to mark his passing, and in 18 of the man whose discoveries had so changed and improved the life of people everywhere. For a moment, all was 19 as the world had always been before, until Edison 20 on the light.（分数：20.00）A.powerB.strengthC.fo
21、rceD.vigorA.killB.wasteC.expendD.takeA.bouncingB.flickingC.runningD.flyingA.ButB.ThereforeC.HoweverD.ThereforeA.firedB.glowedC.manipulatedD.bestowedA.diffusingB.transmittingC.transitingD.deliveringA.forB.onC.withD.toA.otherwiseB.neverthelessC.thusD.sinceA.numerousB.monstrousC.tremendousD.industrious
22、A.improveB.evolveC.mountD.ascendA.affluentB.producersC.civilianD.pauperA.destinedB.reservedC.designatedD.fixedA.castB.hustleC.plugD.dartA.normalcyB.restrictionC.balanceD.regularityA.whichB.muchC.thatD.asA.affectionB.consequenceC.causationD.procedureA.collapsesB.spoilsC.flustersD.transmutesA.placeB.f
23、avorC.needD.honorA.faintB.vagueC.darkD.paleA.shiftB.switchC.swirlD.swipe六、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)We often hear advice from the dermatologists, “You should keep using sunscreen creamjust to be safe“. More and more people are questioning about su
24、nscream. Can sunscreen cream help protect me against melanomas? How safe are we in applying these chemical cocktails? Does it actually stop melanomas, the most dangerous type of skin cancer, from forming? As is known to all, sunscreen cream can protect the skin from the harmful effects of sun. The m
25、ost important function of it is the prevention of skin cancer. A great number of American people like to use it. Surprisingly, this kind of cancer is increasing in incidence faster than any other cancer in the United States. It seems that sunscreen actually increases the risk of skin cancer. More an
26、d more health experts are taking a discommendable attitude to the application of sunscreen. Researchers show that the earlier finding has many flaws and is unable to prove the exact function because they fail to take into account many exceptional cases. For instance, some people prefer to use sunscr
27、een cream while going out. However, sunscreen cream users suffer from cancer more often. In fact, sunscreen cream allows people to remain exposed in the sun longer. People are likely to get skin problem under the sunshine for a long time. Besides, many people use the sunscreen cream in an inappropri
28、ate way. The sunscreen cream should be applied about half an hour before going outside, so the time is enough for the sunscreen to soak in and take effect. In fact, the protection of sunscreen will not last indefinitely. It should be reapplied at least every two hours when people stay outdoors for a
29、 prolonged period. After swimming, bathing, perspiring heavily, or drying off with a towel or handkerchief, you had better reapply it, too. Millions of gallons of sunscreen cream are consumed each year. Only 5% of products overall met the criteria for safety and sunscreen effectiveness. Three of fiv
30、e brand name products can not protect the skin from sun damage sufficiently or they contain hazardous chemicals, according to a report by Environmental Working Group (EWG). It is time to change our misunderstanding now. In fact, besides the sunshine-preventing function, it also has the function of p
31、rotecting our skin. We all know that the sun impacts collagen production in the skin, and without collagen, skin won“t naturally maintain that plump, moist, youthful, wrinkle-free look. Without the protection of sunscreen cream, just a few minutes of daily sun exposure over the years can cause notic
32、eable changes in skin. Sunscreen cream can protect our skin from these damaging rays, so that even if we do spend time outdoors, our face is less likely to give away our age.（分数：5.00）(1).What can we learn from the first paragraph?（分数：1.00）A.Sunscreen cream is essential in people“s life.B.The dermato
33、logists prefer to attribute the skin problems to sunshine.C.People agree with the dermatologists“ opinion on using sunscreen cream.D.Sunscreen cream actually increases the risk of skin cancer.(2).Which of the following is true according to the passage?（分数：1.00）A.People could get skin problems using
34、sunscreen cream.B.People had better not reuse sunscreen cream when they are outside.C.Sunscreen cream can not function after a long period.D.We should abandon handkerchiefs to deal with skin problems.(3).The word “met“ in Paragraph Three, Line Two probably refers to（分数：1.00）A.seeB.discoverC.reachD.a
35、ct(4).What is mainly discussed in the text?（分数：1.00）A.How to use sunscreen cream betterB.The different opinions on sunscreen creamC.Connection between cancer and sunscreenD.Research on the new functions of sunscreen cream(5).According to the text, what is not the attitude of the writer?（分数：1.00）A.Th
36、e writer has changed the prejudiced opinion on sunscreen cream.B.The writer advises people to use sunscreen cream regularly.C.The writer persuades the people to put the sunscreen to everyday use.D.The writer is supporting the new findings on sunscreen cream.九、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Bacteria are micros
37、copic organisms which live on the surface of objects. They are one of the most ancient living things, which exist on this planet for nearly 4,000 million years. Do you know the size of bacteria? It can only be measured in microns. Maybe you have not a standard in your mind how long a micron is. One
38、micron is a thousandth of a millimeter, which equals about the diameter of a pinhead. Therefore, even if we enlarged the rounded bacterium a thousand times, it would only be the size of a pinhead. We barely see bacteria by a magnification an ordinary microscope of 100 times, even if we try, we canno
39、t make out anything of their structure. There are normally millions of them together, for they can multiply really fast. Scientists have found that some bacteria have attached to wavy-looking “hairs“ called flagella. The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria through the water. Others can glide along
40、 over surfaces by some little-understood mechanism. Bacteria are so small that they are influenced by the movements of the chemical molecules around them. They are active all the time. Even the bacteria without flagella often bound about in the water. They are pushed here and there, colliding with t
41、he watery molecules. Bacteria cannot be detected because they don“t produce bad odor or change the color or texture of the food. Therefore, when people eat the food with many bacteria, they are likely to get hepatitis A, acute gastroenteritis and a host of other illnesses. Many households have refri
42、gerators to prevent from bacteria. Of course, freezing food slows or stops the growth of bacteria, however, when food is thawed, the bacteria will become reactivated. Bacteria can not be totally destroyed before the food is thoroughly cooked. We need to know that not all bacteria are in connection w
43、ith illness. Just some bacteria can cause disease. They are called pathogenic bacteria. Fortunately our immune system can protect us from them. Bacteria are prokaryotes (single cells that do not contain a nucleus). It may seem weird to classify organisms according to such details, but with or withou
44、t a nucleus is not trivial at all. The division between prokaryotes and eukaryotes (all organisms with a nucleus inside their cells) is of extreme importance in biology, and is the result of a major evolutionary breakthrough. Visit our program tomorrow if you want to know more, thank you.（分数：5.00）(1
45、).Which of the following is true according to the first paragraph?（分数：1.00）A.Bacteria are as big as a pinhead.B.Bacteria can not be seen by an ordinary microscope.C.Bacteria are hard to see because they often live together.D.Bacteria are very small so they can only be measured in microns.(2).Which s
46、tatement is not true about flagella?（分数：1.00）A.Flagella are part of bacteria.B.Flagella help bacteria to move.C.Flagella are always going round and round.D.Flagella are like waves.(3).What is the meaning of “collide“ in the second paragraph?（分数：1.00）A.strikeB.connectC.bounceD.mix(4).Which of the fol
47、lowing ways can help people prevent from bacteria?（分数：1.00）A.Smell and have a careful look at the food.B.Only eat the food stored in refrigerator.C.Ensure the food is totally heated before eating.D.Eat the food before they are thawed.(5).What can be inferred from the last paragraph?（分数：1.00）A.Whethe
48、r or not to have a nucleus is important in biology.B.The speaker will tell us how to distinguish bacteria tomorrow.C.Evolution will be the main topic of the program next time.D.Eukaryotes develop from prokaryotes.十、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：5.00)As the volcano erupts in Iceland, more and more people are begin
49、ning to concern about the damage volcanic eruption brings. Then, let us learn the influence of volcanic eruption together. We all know that air pollution has an effect on the world“s average air temperature. Scientists declare that volcanic eruption leads to weather changes, which is similar to air pollution. How will volcanic eruption impact on weather? Volcanic eruption throws hundreds of millions tons of ash into the stratosphere. The ash from a volcano spreads in a few days. However, this is not the end. The ash will remain in the air for ye
