1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 118及答案与解析 Section C 0 The new US health-insurance rules are designed to help those caught in Medicares “doughnut hole“, offer seniors more preventative(预防性的 )care, and limit how much of their customers money health-insurance companies can keep for overhead and profit. The new rule
2、s include: A provision that limits what health insurers can do with the money their customers send in as premiums(保险金 ). The rule requires that insurers spend at least 80 percent of this money on the customers themselves. The companies must either spend this money to pay insurance claims or use it f
3、or activities that improve customers health. For policies that are sold to large groups instead of small companies and individuals, the number is even higher: 85 percent. The remaining 15 or 20 percent of the money can be used for a companys salaries, marketing and overhead -or kept as profit. Previ
4、ously, there was no federal restrictions on insurance companies spending. The federal government says some insurers kept 30 or even 50 percent. Insurance companies say this could cause them to cut back on the services they offer, or even pull out of states where administrative costs are higher. Stat
5、e officials also worry that the companies might cut the fees they pay to insurance brokers. That, they fear, would eliminate key middlemen who help individuals navigate a complicated insurance system. A provision that provides prescription-drug discounts for seniors in Medicares “doughnut hole“. The
6、 doughnut hole is a controversial gap in the Medicare prescription-drug benefit passed in 2003. In 2010, for instance, Medicare paid for part of the cost of drugs, until the total cost of the drugs hit $2 830. After that, seniors were responsible for 100 percent of the cost of their drugs, until the
7、y had spent $3 610 of their own money. That was the other side of the doughnut hole, and federal insurance kicked in again. This provision will give Medicare recipients stuck in the doughnut hole a 50 percent discount on the price of brand-name prescription drugs. Health-care activists are worried,
8、however, that drugmakers will jack up their prices. In that case, customers would receive 50 percent off that higher number, which might not be much less than what they were paying before. 1 What is the purpose of designing the new US health-insurance rules? （ A） To limit customers amount of money.
9、（ B） To help those who have trouble in finance. （ C） To give old people more preventative care. （ D） To help companies keep more customers money for overhead. 2 Insurers should spend 85% of the premiums on_. （ A） the individuals （ B） large groups （ C） small companies （ D） medium companies 3 Why does
10、 the federal government begin to restrict insurance companies spending? （ A） There were no federal restrictions on such an issue before. （ B） The federal government wants companies to cut back on the services. （ C） The federal government wants to eliminate key middlemen. （ D） The federal government
11、wants to limit some companies spending. 4 Who can enjoy prescription-drug discounts? （ A） The old people in Medicares “doughnut hole“. （ B） The old people in Medicare. （ C） The old people in federal government. （ D） The old people in federal insurance. 5 What can we learn from the last paragraph? （
12、A） After 2010, seniors were responsible for 100 percent of the cost of their drugs. （ B） Federal insurance began to take part in and asked for more potential profits. （ C） Customers will get a 50 percent discount except those stuck in the doughnut hole. （ D） Health-care activists are worried that dr
13、ugmakers will increase relevant drugs prices. 5 Sushi(寿司 )is no longer the sole preserve of the adventurous diner. These days, grabbing a pack for lunch is almost as common as picking up a cheese and sandwich. The Japanese dish can be bought from every major supermarket(where sales have risen an ast
14、onishing 88 percent in the past two years). Indeed, the British sushi industry of which Tesco has a 60 percent market share is worth more than 56 million annually. The main reason for its surge in popularity is its reputation as a healthy meal. Japanese women are among the healthiest in the world, w
15、hile slender celebrities such as Victoria Beckham, Cheryl Cole and Keira Knightley are all fans of the raw fish dish. But do sushis nutrition credentials(证书 ) especially the Western version stack up? Not always, according to dietitian(营养学家 )Rachel Beller. In her book Eat To Lose, Eat To Win, she say
16、s a “light lunch“ of sushi may mean you overdose on calories and carbohydrates(碳水化合物 ). “A typical sushi roll contains 290 to 350 calories and has the carbohydrate equivalent of two-and-a-half to four slices of bread,“ says Ms Beller. Bear in mind a sushi lunch contains two or three of these rolls,
17、a total of up to 1 050 calories, and its easy to see how were conning ourselves that were enjoying a low-calorie, healthy lunch. Many of us believe eating sushi is a good way to get the officially recommended two portions of fish each week, but heres the problem: most sushi contains very little prot
18、ein, despite its expense. Health experts say a portion of fish should weigh 140g, but on average, the fish in a California roll(round rolled sushi, containing a small piece of fish)or piece of nigiri(rice with fish balanced on the top)weighs just 5g. Youd need to eat 28 pieces of sushi to reach your
19、 140g portion or more, if you choose a mixed sushi box containing vegetarian varieties. Even “fish“ sushi boxes dont contain much. Marks & Spencer Fish Sushi Selection(191g, 4.68)has just 36g of fish, meaning you would have to eat four boxes and consume 1 184 calories to get one of your recommended
20、fish portions. 6 What can we infer from the first paragraph? （ A） Sushi makes a hit in the UK nowadays. （ B） Tesco is a giant supermarket selling Sushi only. （ C） British people prefer sushi to sandwiches and cheese. （ D） Sushi enjoys popularity only among adventurous diners. 7 What is the main reas
21、on that sushi is becoming popular according to the passage? （ A） Because it is made of raw fish. （ B） Because it is regarded as a healthy food. （ C） Because Japanese women eat it. （ D） Because world-famous stars follow it. 8 According to Rachel Beller, a “light lunch“ of sushi_. （ A） contains enough
22、 nutrients for the human body （ B） contains too many rolls in a box （ C） is actually deceiving the dieters themselves （ D） is providing as equal calories and carbohydrates as bread 9 As a matter of fact, taking in the officially recommended portions of fish is equal to_. （ A） eating sushi in various
23、 types bought mainly from Tesco （ B） eating a “light lunch“ of sushi and four slices of bread （ C） eating a mixed sushi box containing vegetarian varieties （ D） eating 56 pieces of California roll or nigiri 10 Which of the following is the best title of this passage? （ A） How Sushi Can Make Us Fat （
24、 B） Sushi Is Popular in Britain （ C） Sushi Is Dangerous to Humans （ D） What Sushi Is A Japanese Dish 10 At school our children are taught to add up and subtract but, extraordinarily, are not shown how to open a bank account let alone how to manage their finances in an increasingly complex and demand
25、ing world. Today the parenting website Mumsnet and the consumer campaigner Martin Lewis have joined forces to launch an online petition(请愿 )to make financial education a compulsory element of the school curriculum in England. Children from 5 to 16 should be taught about everything from pocket money
26、to pensions, they say. And that was exactly the plan enshrined(铭记 )in the Children, Schools and Families Bill that was shelved by the government in the so-called “wash-up“ earlier this monththe rush to legislation before parliament was dissolved. Consumer and parent groups believe financial educatio
27、n has always been one of the most confusing omissions of the curriculum. As the Personal Finance Education Group(PFEG)points out, the good habits of young children do not last long. PFEG predicts that these young people will “find it much harder to avoid the serious pitfalls that have befallen many
28、of their parents generation unless they receive good quality financial education while at school. “ The UK has been in the grip of the worst financial recession for generations. It does seem odd that unless parents step in young people are left in the dark until they are cruelly introduced to the wo
29、rld of debt when they turn up at university. Chris Tapp, from money education charity Credit Action, puts it succinctly(言简意赅地 ):“Its like weve been sending out people to drive without first giving them instruction and then being shocked when they crash. Its a no-brainer. Everybody needs to manage mo
30、ney and use financial products wisely and I wholeheartedly support this call to the next governmentwhatever colour it may be to ensure that giving every child the opportunity to learn about finance is of the utmost priority after the election.“ In a recent poll of over 8 000 people, 97% supported fi
31、nancial education in schools, while 3% said it was a job for parents. I am in favor of the majority. And what do you think is it up to parents to encourage good habits or should financial education be entrusted to schools? 11 From the first paragraph, we can draw the conclusion that_. （ A） children
32、at school dont focus their attention upon studies （ B） children at school dont do well in their mathematics （ C） children at school dont get their finances education （ D） children at school cant adjust to the complex and demanding world 12 According to Martin Lewis, we can infer that_. （ A） financia
33、l education should be carried out in every country （ B） it is essential to teach students money management （ C） children should save their pocket money to pay for their tuition fees （ D） it is effective for consumer campaigners to launch an online petition 13 According to the Personal Finance Educat
34、ion Group, _. （ A） children ought to receive excellent financial education at school （ B） consumers and parents file complaints with education authorities （ C） parents should be to blame for spoiling their children （ D） young children can not form the good habits 14 What is Chris Tapps purpose of re
35、ferring to drive crash? （ A） To stress the importance of financial education. （ B） To tell us how terrible the traffic in the UK is. （ C） To tell us the importance of financial ideas for a country. （ D） To explain what an important role the government plays. 15 Whats the authors attitude towards fin
36、ancial education? （ A） Neutral. （ B） Doubted. （ C） Supportive. （ D） Indifferent. 15 Brain-training software may be a waste of time. People who played “mind-boosting“ games made the same modest cognitive gains as those who spent a similar amount of time surfing the web. “It didnt really make any diff
37、erence what people did,“ says Adrian Owen of the Medical Research Council Cognition, who tested brain-training software on volunteers recruited through a BBC television program. Owen and his colleagues asked 11 000 volunteers to take tests to measure their reasoning ability and verbal and spatial(空间
38、的 )memory. Participants then spent six weeks playing on one of two computer programs, or just surfing the web for pleasure. In one program, which imitates commercial brain-training software, the volunteers solved simple mathematics problems and puzzles that tested their memories. The other was desig
39、ned specifically to boost cognitive abilities such as reasoning and planning. After six weeks, the participants underwent a second round of cognitive tests. Both groups who played the games made modest improvements, yet so did the web surfers. Skills learned via the programs didnt transfer to the co
40、gnitive tests, even when they relied on similar abilities, says Owen. For instance, people who played a game in which they had to find a match for a briefly overturned card struggled at a similar test that used stars “hidden“ in boxes. “Even when the tests were conceptually quite similar we didnt se
41、e any improvement,“ says Owen. He concludes that brain-training software only makes people better at the specific tasks they have been practicing. Yet Klingberg, who founded a cognitive-training firm called Cogmed, is indignant at the conclusion that all brain training is bunk. The participants in O
42、wens study didnt practise for long enough and there was no quality control over what practice people did, he says. “Asking subjects to sit at home and do tests online, perhaps with the TV on or other distractions around, is likely to result in noisy data,“ he says. “This paper does in no way disprov
43、e that the brain is plastic or that cognitive functions can be improved by training.“ Owen counters that his teams research took place in settings similar to the ones people are likely to practice in. “This is what people are doing. Theyre sitting at home on their computers doing brain training.“ 16
44、 The purpose of Owen recruiting volunteers to do the first round of tests is to_. （ A） test their reasoning ability and verbal and spatial memory （ B） support the BBC television program in his way （ C） prove how much information participants can remember （ D） detect differences among people in memor
45、izing information 17 How many groups were the participants divided into in Owens test? （ A） Two. （ B） Three. （ C） Four. （ D） Five. 18 From the second round of cognitive tests, Owen concludes that_. （ A） all participants have made much recognizable improvement dramatically （ B） participants have deve
46、loped reasoning ability to solve complicated problems （ C） participants can make greater improvement in solving very similar problems （ D） participants do a better job in specific tasks they have been practicing 19 Whats the meaning of “indignant“(Line 1, Para. 4)? （ A） Satiric. （ B） Agreeable. （ C）
47、 Mad. （ D） Dishonest. 20 Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole? （ A） There is a doubt about whether brain-training software is effective. （ B） We should concentrate on brain-training software in our daily life. （ C） Brain-training software is useless to every person. （ D） It i
48、s important to improve reasoning ability and spatial memory. 大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 118答案与解析 Section C 【知识模块】 篇章阅读 1 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节辨认题。由定位段可知，美国新出台的医疗保险制度的目的有三个方面：一是帮助那些陷入医疗保险制度面 包圈漏洞中的人；二是为老年人提供更多的预防性的关照；三是限制保险公司使用保险人的投保金来作为公司的日常开支和利润来源，故正确答案为 C)。 【知识模块】 篇章阅读 2 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节辨认题。由定位句可知，针对大型保险团体
49、而不是小型保险团体或个人，保险公司需要将 85的保费用于投保人，故答案为 B)。 【知识模块】 篇章阅读 3 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 推理判断题。定位句主要讲述联邦政府对保险公司费用采取限制的原因，即联邦政府认为有的保险公司截留投保人 30到 50的保险金。题干针对联邦政府对保险公司费用的限制原因提问，故 D)为正确答案。 【知识模块】 篇章阅读 4 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 细节辨认题。由定位段可知，此项条款旨在为那些陷入面包圈漏洞中的老人提供处方药品优惠折扣，故正确答案为 A)。 【知识模块】 篇章阅读 5 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 推理判断题。由定位段及选项可知，四个选项从不同的角度来考查对整个段落的理解。定位段倒数第二句指出一些积极分子所担心的问题，即害怕制药商提高药品价格， D)中 increase是对文中 jack up的同义转述，由此可以推断正确答案为 D)。 【知识模块】 篇章阅读 【知识模块】 篇章阅读 6 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 推理判断题。由定位段可知，本段用三个例证表明当今英国寿司的盛行：它与奶酪、三明治一样成为普遍的
