1、英语翻译高级口译-高级阅读(一)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSECTION 1 READI(总题数：4，分数：50.00)Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, A. B. C. or D. to each question.“They treat us like mules,“ the guy installi
2、ng my washer tells me, his eyes narrowing as he wipes his hands, I had just complimented him and his partner on the speed and assurance of their work. He explains that its rare that customers speak to him this way. I know what hes talking about. My mother was a waitress all her life, in coffee shops
3、 and fast-paced chain restaurants. It was hard work, but she liked it, liked “being among the public“, as she would say. But that work had its sting, toothe customer who would treat her like a servant or, her biggest complaint, like she was not that bright.Theres a lesson here for this political sea
4、son: the subtle and not-so-subtle insults that blue-collar and service workers endure as part of their working lives. And those insults often have to do with intelligence.We like to think of the United States as a classless society. The belief in economic mobility is central to the American Dream, a
5、nd we pride ourselves on our spirit of egalitarianism. But we also have a troubling streak of aristocratic bias in our national temperament, and one way it manifests itself is in the assumptions we make about people who work with their hands. Working people sense this bias and react to it when they
6、vote. The common political wisdom is that hot-button social issues have driven blue-collar voters rightward. But there are other cultural dynamics at play as well. And Democrats can be as oblivious to these dynamics as Republicansthough the Grand Old Party did appeal to them in St. Paul.Lets go back
7、 to those two men installing my washer and dryer. They do a lot of heavy lifting quicklymine was the first of 15 deliveriesand efficiently, to avoid injury. Between them there is ongoing communication, verbal and nonverbal, to coordinate the lift, negotiate the tight fit, move in rhythm with each ot
8、her. And all the while, they are weighing options, making decisions and solving problemsas when my new dryer didnt match up with the gas outlet.Think about what a good waitress has to do in the busy restaurant: remember orders and monitor them, attend to a dynamic, quickly changing environment, prio
9、ritize tasks and manage the flow of work, make decisions on the fly. Theres the carpenter using a number of mathematical conceptssymmetry, proportion, congruence, the properties of anglesand visualizing these concepts while building a cabinet, a flight of stairs, or a pitched roof.The hairstylists p
10、ractice is a mix of technique, knowledge about the biology of hair, aesthetic judgment, and communication skill. The mechanic, electrician, and plumber are troubleshooters and problem solvers. Even the routinized factory floor calls for working smarts. When has any of this made its way into our poli
11、tical speeches? From either party. Even on Labor Day.Last week, the GOP masterfully invoked some old cultural suspicions: country folk versus city and east-coast versus heartland education. But these are symbolic populist gestures, not the stuff of true engagement. Judgments about intelligence carry
12、 great weight in our society, and we have a tendency to make sweeping assessments of peoples intelligence based on the kind of work they do.Political tributes to labor over the next two months will render the muscled arm, sleeve rolled tight against biceps. But few will also celebrate the thought br
13、ight behind the eye, or offer an image that links hand and brain. It would be fitting in a country with an egalitarian vision of itself to have a truer, richer sense of all that is involved in the wide range of work that surrounds and sustains us.Those politicians who can communicate that sense will
14、 tap a deep reserve of neglected feeling. And those who can honor and use work in explaining and personalizing their policies will find a welcome reception.（分数：12.50）(1).To illustrate the intelligence of the working class, the author cites the examples of all of the following EXCEPT _. A. hairstylis
15、t and waitress B. carpenter and mechanic C. electrician and plumber D. street cleaner and shop assistant（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).In the sentence “we pride ourselves on our spirit of egalitarianism“ (para. 3), the word “egalitarianism“ can be replaced by _. A. individualism B. enlightenment C. equality D
16、. liberalism（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).We can conclude from the passage that _. A. in America, judgments about peoples intelligence are often based on the kind of work they do B. the subtle and not-so-subtle insults towards blue-collars are a daily phenomenon in America C. the United States is a classless
17、 society D. the old cultural suspicions of country folk versus city and east-coast versus heartland education show the Republicans true engagement（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(4).One of the major groups of targeted readers of the author should be _. A. blue-collar American workers B. middle-class American busin
18、essmen C. American politicians D. American company leaders（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following summarizes the main idea of the passage? A. The Democratic Party and the Republican Party should stop symbolic populist gestures. B. Political tributes should mind the subtle bias against the intell
19、igence of the working class. C. The ruling party should acknowledge the working smarts of blue-collars. D. The whole American society should change the attitude towards the blue-collar workers.（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.To most people the human face is a compelling object fraught with meaning. But for autisti
20、c children, who cant get a read on other peoples emotions, eye contact is terrifying. When they do look at faces, they tend to stare at the mouth. Fortunately, researchers now think that technology can help overcome the barrier that isolates these kinds. Software that enables robots to respond to a
21、childs feelings a little bitbut not too muchcan help train him or her to interact more freely with people. “The beauty of a robot or software is that its not human,“ and therefore not as intimidating, says Stephen Porges, an autism expert at the University of Illinois in Chicago.Computer-generated f
22、aces are already having an impact in the classroom. Psychologist Dominic Massaro at the University of California, Santa Cruz, has created Baldi, a lively computer character, as a stand-in for human teachers. For three years, Baldi and his female counterpart, Baldette, have been giving autistic kids
23、in the Bay School in Santa Cruz lessons in vocabulary and in understanding facial expressions. The character has been so successful that hes spawned imitatorsBaldini in Italian, Baldir in Arabic and Bao in Chinese.Porges thinks that the real role of cartoon personas is not so much to teach patients
24、as to calm them. Autistic kids live in a state of hyperalertness, as if they were constantly suffering stage fright. If technology can put them at ease, Porges argues, social skills will develop naturally. In a recent study, Porges exposed 20 autistic people, ranging from 10 to 21 years old, to engi
25、neered speech and music. He removed low frequency sounds, which the body tends to interpret as indicating danger, and exaggerated vocal intonations, much as people dramatize emotions when speaking to infants. After 45 minutes, all but one of the subjects began looking at the eyes of a person on a vi
26、deo screen just as a normal viewer would. The improvement persisted at least a week, but had faded after six months. Porges is now developing headphones that reduce low frequencies. He also hopes to test whether ongoing exposure to the engineered sounds can lead to long-term improvement.Other techno
27、logy may be effective for less severely autistic children. Whereas normal babies learn from caretakers to mirror emotionssmile at a smile, frown at a frownautistic children often lack this basic skill. Cognitive scientists Javier Movellan and Marian Stewart Bartlett at the University of California,
28、San Diego, have built a robot that can “read“ faces. They hope that playing with the robot and watching it interact with others will inspire autistic children to return the smiles of humans.Commercial emotion-reading software about to hit the market could be a boon for some high functioning autistic
29、 and Aspergers patients in dealing with social situations. Affective Media, a firm near Edinburgh, Scotland, has created a prototype phone that “hears“ the emotion in voice messages and conveys it explicitly to the owner. A person checking messages would hear something like this: “You have two bored
30、 calls, one surprised call, and one angry call.“ “Three years ago this was science fiction,“ says Christian Jones, co-founder of Affective Media. Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have built a similar voicemail system, called Emotive Alert, that evaluates a callers intonation,
31、 speed and volume. It identifies whether a call sounds urgent, informal or formal, and whether the speaker was happy or sad.Emotion-reading software might improve the way we all interact with machines. Computers at call centers may soon be able to alert employees to an irate caller who might need sp
32、ecial handling. Scientists at Affective Media, Stanford and Toyota are developing a system for cars that responds to cues in the drivers voice and face, perhaps turning on appropriate music if a driver seems sad. Its another barrier emotionally adept software might help overcome.（分数：12.50）(1).When a
33、utism expert Stephen Porges says “The beauty of a robot or software is that its not human“ (para. 1), he implies that _. A. the beauty of a robot or software is quite apparent B. a robot or software has its unique beauty in shape C. a robot or software can never function as a human D. unlike a robot
34、 or software, humans can be rather threatening（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage, which of the following is NOT characteristic of autistic children? A. They have difficulty in understanding the facial expressions of others. B. They are often unable to maintain eye contact with others. C.
35、They always live in a state of over-alertness. D. They feel at ease only when interacting with computer teachers.（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).Stephen Porges concluded from his investigation that _. A. social skills will develop naturally in autistic kids when they are at ease B. the development of social sk
36、ills is an agonizing process C. social skills will be acquired naturally as autistic kids grow up D. the use of cartoon personas can eliminate stage fright in autistic kids（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(4).By saying “Three years ago this was science fiction“, (para. 5) Christian Jones means that the phone that “
37、hears“ the emotion in human voice _. A. first appeared in science fiction at that time B. could have been invented three years ago C. was considered simply impossible three years ago D. could not be imagined by humanity three years ago（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the last two paragraphs, emotio
38、n-reading software _. A. will be used to teach people how to interact with machines B. can be the major means to cure autistic patients C. can be most proficient and useful at call centers D. will probably be used to help reduce traffic accidents（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.Quick quiz: Who has a more vitriolic
39、relationship with the U.S.? The French or the British. If you guessed the French, consider this: Paris newspaper polls show that 72 percent of the French hold a favorable impression of the United States. Yet U.K. polls over the past decade show a lower percentage of the British have a favorable impr
40、ession of the United States.Britains highbrow newspaper, The Guardian, sets the U.K.s intellectual tone. On any given day you can easily read a handful of stories sniping at the U.S. and things American. The BBCs Radio 4, which is a domestic news and talk radio station, regularly laments Britains so
41、cial warts and follows them up with something that has become the national mantra, “Well, at least were not as bad as the Americans.“This isnt a new trend: British abhorrence of America antedates George W. Bush and the invasion of Iraq. On 9/11 as the second plane was slamming into the World Trade C
42、enter towers my wife was on the phone with an English friend of many years. In the background she heard her friends teenage son shout in front of the TV, “Yeah! The Americans are finally getting theirs.“ The animosity may be unfathomable to those raised to think of Britain as “the mother country“ fo
43、r whom we fought two world wars and with whom we won the cold war.So whats it all about?I often asked that during the years I lived in London. One of the best answers came from an Englishwoman with whom I shared a table for coffee. She said, “Its because we used to be big and important and we arent
44、any more. Now its America thats big and important and we can never forgive you for that.“ A detestation of things American has become as dependable as the tides on the Thames rising and falling four times a day. It feeds a flagging British sense of national self-importance.A new book documenting the
45、 virulence of more than 30 years of corrosive British animosity reveals how deeply rooted it has become in the U.K.s national psyche. “T here is no reasoning with people who have come to believe America is now a police state and the USA is a disgrace across most of the world,“ writes Carol Gould, an
46、 American expatriate novelist and journalist, in her book Dont Tread on Me.A brief experience shortly after George W. Bushs invasion of Iraq illustrates that. An American I know was speaking on the street in London one morning. Upon hearing his accent, a British man yelled, “Take your tanks and bomb
47、ers and go back to America.“ Then the British thug punched him repeatedly. No wonder other American friends of mine took to telling locals they were from Canada. The local police recommended prosecution. But upon learning the victim was an American, crown prosecutors dropped the case even though the
48、 perpetrator had a history of assaulting foreigners.The examples of this bitterness continue:I recall my wife and I having coffee with a member of our church. The woman, who worked at Buckingham Palace, launched a conversation with, “Have you heard the latest dumb American joke?“ which incidentally
49、turned out to be a racial slur against blacks. Its common to hear Brits routinely dismiss Americans as racists (even with an African-American president), religious nuts, global polluters, warmongers, cultural philistines, and as intellectual Untermenschen.The United Kingdoms counterintelligence and security agency has identified some 5,000 Muslim extremists in the U.K. but not even they are denounced with the venom di
