1、职称英语综合类 C级-43 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Everybody was glad to see Mary back.A. sorry B. sadC. angry D. happy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The boy always looks through his homework before handing it in.A. write B. does C. finishes D. examines（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.A new system of qua
2、lity control was brought in to overcome the defects in the firms products.A. invested B. introduced C. installed D. insisted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The most crucial problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce resources.A. puzzling B. difficultC. terrifying D. urgent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Maria
3、 Chapman, abolitionist and close associate of William Lloyed Garrison, wrote many brochures condemning slavery.Aslogans Bshort poemsCsentiments Dshort pamphlets（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The nursery is bright and cheerful.A. pleasant B. colorfulC. fashionable D. different（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Their sole fault
4、was a failure to recognize all the factors involved.Amaximum Busual Cinitial Donly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.These are the motives for doing it.A. reasons B. excusesC. answers D. replies（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Smoking is banned in public places in big cities.A. restricted B. confinedC. criticized D. forbidden（分数
5、：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.They converted the spare bedroom into an office.A. reduced B. turned C. moved D. reformed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.He succeeded because he is both diligent and intelligent.A. ambitious B. lazy C. hardworking D. clever（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Practically all species of animals communicate eithe
6、r through sounds or through soundless codes.A. Simultaneously B. Almost C. Absolutely D. Basically（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.They only have a limited amount of time to get their points across.,A. large B. totalC. small D. similar（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The stories of Sarah Orne Jewett are considered by many to
7、 be more authentically regional than those of Bret Harte.A. elegantly B. genuinely C. intentionally D. thoroughly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.On the brink of matrimony, he fled to a desert island.Aship Bproposal Cedge Devasion（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Why do people become too fatIt is indee
8、d unfortunate that in our modern era of technologic and scientific achievement, there is no adequate explanation for a seemingly simple question: “why do people become too fat and what can be done to prevent it?“ about 50 million men and 60 million women between the ages of 18 and 79 are “too fat“ a
9、nd need to reduce excess weight. This amount to about 377 million kg of excess fat for men and 667 million kg for women, or a total of t044 million kg (2297 million 1b) for the United States adult population! If the overfat men and women dieted by consuming 600 fewer calories each day to reduce to a
10、 “normal“ value of body fat (achievable in 68 days for men and 101 days for women), the reduced caloric intake would equal 5.7 trilling calories. Translating this into fossil fuel energy and considering such factors as the energy required to plant, cultivate, harvest, feed, process, transport, whole
11、sale, retail, acquire, store and cook the food, the annual energy savings would be equal to that required to supply the residential electric demands of Boston, Chicago, san Francisco and Washington DC, or 13 billion gallons of gasoline to fuel 900,000 autos per year. Until recently, the major cause
12、of obesity was believed to be overeating. However, if gluttony (贪食) and overindulgence were the only factors associated with an increase in body fat, the easiest way to permanently reduce would surely to be cut back on food. Of course, if it were that simple, obesity would soon be eliminated as a ma
13、jor health problem. There are obviously other factors operative such as genetic, environmental, and social influences. However, these causes probably overlap. It seems fairly certain that the treatment procedures devised so far, whether they be diets, surgery, drugs, psychologic methods, or exercise
14、, either alone or in combination, have not been particularly successful in solving the problem on a long-term basis. There is nonetheless, optimism that as researchers continue to investigate the many facets of. obesity, as well as to test and quantify various treatment modes, significant progress c
15、an be made to conquer this major health problem.（分数：7.00）(1).The percentage of the excess fat for women of the total amount of excess fat is roughly 50%.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).Less than 5.7 trillion calories would equal the energy required annually to supply the residen
16、tial electric demands of Boston, Chicago, San Francisco, and Washington DC.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(3).Indulgence in drinking, the genetic, environmental, social factors and overeating should be considered in evaluating the cause of an overfat person.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not
17、 mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).Do more physical exercises will help persons to build our bodies.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).The writer finally says there is optimism for the treatment of obesity, because significant progress will be made to conquer this major health problem th
18、rough the researchers efforts.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(6).People fail to solve the important problem of obesity and weight control in our modern era.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(7).Only young persons face such a problem that they are too fat.A. Right B.
19、Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Volts from the Sky1Lightning has caused awe and wonder since old times. Although Benjamin Franklin demonstrated lightning as an enormous electrical discharge more than 200 years ago, many puzzles still surround this powerful phenom
20、enon.2Lightning is generated when electrical charges separate in rain clouds, though processes are still not fully understood. Typically, positive charges build at the cloud top, while the bottom becomes negatively charged. In most instances of cloud-to-ground lightning, the negatively charged lower
21、 portion of the cloud repels negatively charged particles on the grounds surfaces, making it become positively charged, The positive charge on the ground gathers at elevated points.3A flow of electrons begins between the cloud and earth. When the voltage charge becomes large enough, it breaks throug
22、h the insulating barrier of air, and electrons zigzag earthward. We see the discharge as lightning.4Lightning can occur within a cloud, between clouds, or between clouds and the ground. The first variety, intra-cloud lightning, is the most frequent but is often hidden from our view. Cloud-to -ground
23、 lightning, making up about 20 percent of lightning discharges, is what we usually see lightning comes in several forms, including sheet, ribbon, and ball, Intra-cloud lightning can illuminate a cloud so it looks like a White sheet, hence its name. When cloud-to-ground lightning occurs during strong
24、 winds, they can shift the lightning channel sideways, so it looks like a ribbon. The average lightning strike is more than 3 miles long and can travel at a tenth of the speed of light. Ball lightning, the rarest and most mysterious form, derives its name from the small luminous ball that appears ne
25、ar the impact point, moves horizontally, and lasts for several seconds.5Thunder is generated by the tremendous heat released in a lightning discharge second. This sudden heating acts as an explosion, generating shock waves we hear as thunder.6About 2,000 thunderstorms are occurring in the world at a
26、ny time, generating about 100 lightning strikes every second, or 8 million daily. Within the United States, lightning strikes are estimated at 20 million a year, or about 22,000 per day. You have a 1-in-600,000 chance of being struck by lightning during your lifetime. Lightning can strike twice or m
27、ore in the same spot. The Empire State Building in New York is struck by lightning about two dozen times annually.7You can measure how far you are from a lightning strike by counting the seconds between viewing the flash and hearing the bang, and then dividing by five. This approximates the mileage.
28、（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraphs 2 and 3_ACloud-to-ground lightning occurring in the U. S.BTypes of lightningCCause of lightningDDifferences between thunder and thunderstormEFrequencies of thunderstorms occurring in the world and the U. S.FShock waves as thunder（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:
29、_(3).Paragraph 5_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).In most cases of cloud to-ground lightning the grounds surface_Aoccurs most infrequentlyBis shifted sideways by strong windsCis often hidden from our viewDis equipped with a good knowledge of various forms of lightningEis estimated
30、 at 20 millions a yearFis positively charged（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).One form of lightning that _is ball lightning.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Cloud-to-ground lightning looks like a ribbon when its lightning channel_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Although not fully understanding processes of lightning man_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四
31、、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Dancing in the StreetsIf there is one thing certain to get Brazilians on their feet, it is the Rio Carnival (狂欢节). Held in Rio de Janeiro, the countrys biggest city, the carnival began on February 20 when the mayor gave key of the city to Rei Momo-the L
32、ord of Misrule (无序之皇)On his orders, each year people turn the city into a paradise of dance and music. The following six days are so fun of parades, street dancing, fantastic clothes and partying (聚会) that many people forget about eating and sleeping.“It was the passion of the carnival that attracte
33、d me to Brazil and made me settle down in Rio. “ said Bob Nadkarni, a British man who has lived in the city for several years. For many Brazilians, the centerpiece of the carnival is samba (桑巴舞) , a typical Brazilian dance. Every year, tens of thousands of visitors and locals show off their passion
34、and energy in the streets, following the beat (节拍) of the Latin music.The climax to this street party is the float(彩车) parade, in which floats decorated with tons of fresh flowers by various samba schools and local communities move through the city. On the top of each float stands the candidate for
35、the Drum Queen, who is chosen at the end of the party.While most people are free to enjoy the celebrations. Rios police officers have to keep a clear head. Following the murder of three officers in a gunfight early last week, the Brazilian Government has tightened security in Rio. The street fightin
36、g, robbery and sex crimes that accompany the carnival are very difficult to police.Carnivals began in ancient Rome as a celebration at which people fed wild wolves, in honor of the citys founder who was said to have been raised by a she-wolf. Brazil gave new life to this tradition and so despite the
37、 troubles, the carnival will remain a symbol of the countrys culture.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the passage, during the Carnival people in Rio did all of the following EXCEPTAdancing in the streets.Bputting on colorful clothes.Ceating a lot of food.Dholding exciting parades.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).How
38、long does the carnival last?ASix days. BA whole week.CEight days. DThe whole of February.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “centerpiece“ in the 3rd paragraph means _. Athe most important partBthe middle partCthe central part of the cityDthe most attractive decoration（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the
39、 passage, Bob Nadkami is _. Aa Brazilian who has come back from BritainBa British man who visits Rio for the carnivalCa British man who has come to live in BrazilDa Brazilian who is attracted by the carnival（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?AThe earliest carnivals w
40、ere held in ancient Rome.BCarnivals were originally a tradition of the Brazilians.CCarnivals were originally a tradition of the Romans.DThe Brazilians have integrated the Roman carnival into their culture.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Dont Count on Dung“Conservationists(自然保护主义者)may be miscal
41、culating the numbers of the threatened animals such as elephants, “ say African and American researchers. The error occurs because of a flaw in the way they estimate animal numbers from the piles of dung(粪)the creatures leave behind. The mistake could lead researchers to think that there are twice a
42、s many elephants as there really are in some regions according to Andrew Plumptre of the Wildlife Conservation Society(WCS) in New York. Biologist Katy Payne of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, agrees. “We really need to know elephant numbers and the evidence that we have is quite indirect, “
43、says Payne, who electronically tracks elephants Counting elephants from planes is impossible in the vast rainforests of Central Africa. So researchers often estimate elephant numbers by counting dung piles in a given area. They also need to know the rate at which dung decays because its extremely di
44、fficult to determine these rates. However, researchers counting elephants in one region tend to rely on standard decay rates established elsewhere. “But researchers at the WCS have found that this decay rate varies from region to region depending on the climate and environment. Using the wrong value
45、s can lead the census astray(离开正道),“ says Plumptre. He and his colleague Anthony Chifu Nchanji studied decaying elephant dung in the forests of Cameroon. They found that the dung decayed between 55 and 65 per cent more slowly than the dung in the rainforests of neighbouring Gabon. If researchers use
46、 decay rates from Gabon to count elephants in Cameroon, they would probably find more elephants than are actually around. “This could mean estimates in Cameroon are at least twice as high as those derived from decay rates calculated locally,“ says Plumptre “However accurate your dung density estimat
47、e might be the decay rate can severely affect the result.“ Plumptre also says that the dung-pile census should be carried out over a region similar in size to an elephants natural range. The usual technique of monitoring only small, protected areas distorts numbers because elephants move in and out
48、of these regions, he says“ If the elephant population increases within the protected area, you can not determine whether it is a real increase or whether it is due to elephants moving in because they are being poached(入侵偷猎)outside. “ Plumptre says that similar problems may also affect other animal c
49、ensus studies that rely on indirect evidence such as nests, tracks or burrows(地洞).（分数：15.00）(1).The word “threatened“ in the first sentence of the first paragraph could be best replaced by A. “endangered“. B. “frightened“. C. “killed“. D. “angered“.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Why do researchers estimate elephant numbers in an area by counting dung piles? A.
