1、专业八级-205 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Dangers of Using Computer Terminals Undoubtedly, the computer has greatly increased human beings working capacity and intellectual capacity, but it also poses dangers to its users. The problems caused by the use of computers: a.
2、more frequent incidence of abnormity during (1)_ (1)_ b. increased stress and (2)_to vision: worsening short sight (2)_ and an itching of the face. To solve this problem, one should take a rest from time to time and place computers at a location where there is (3)_ (3)_ light and something else to l
3、ook at. c. constipation resulting from long periods of sedentary (4)_ (4)_ d. (5)_due to crouching over an inconveniently positioned (5)_ keyboard. e. a sense of (6)_owing to having puzzled over a problem too (6)_ long. Precautions computer users are advised to take: Firstly, to make sure that there
4、 is an alternative source of light from that of the (7)_itself. (7)_ Secondly, to rest their eyes frequently. In addition, to make sure the screen is properly (8)_ (8)_ Finally, to make sure that you are sitting in a comfortable position, to get up (9)_and go out into the fresh air occasionally. Sit
5、ting still for (9)_ hours is likely to cause thrombosis and (10)_ (10)_（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).According to Allan, who will look after the interest of foreign students at universities?（分数：1.00）A.The Welfare Offi
6、ce of the Student Union.B.A counselor for overseas students.C.Overseas students societies and organizations.D.Local education authorities.(2).One must register with the police within seven days of arrival in Britain_.（分数：1.00）A.if he is from the European CommunityB.if he is from the CommonwealthC.if
7、 he intends to stay in UK for more than six monthsD.if he plans to travel in UK for one week(3).When one is to register with the police, he has to take the following EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.25 poundsB.passportC.two passport-sized photographsD.the form OWl(4).Which of the following is NOT TRUE according t
8、o the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Non-resident students are not entitled to work.B.One will be prosecuted if he works without permission.C.Working without permission is regarded as a criminal offence in Britain.D.Overseas students have to fill out the OWl if they want to get permission to work.(5).To search
9、for work experience or practical learning, one must get（分数：1.00）A.forms OWl and OW5B.forms OW21 and OW22C.forms OWl and OW21D.forms OW5 and OW22三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：5.00)(1).Which country was accepted as a member of the European Union on Saturday?（分数：1.00）A.Turkey.B.The southern part of Cyprus.C.
10、The northern part of Cyprus.D.The whole country of Cyprus.(2).When did the country officially enter the European Union?（分数：1.00）A.On May 1.B.On October 1.C.On May 4.D.On January 1.(3).Wharfs the former Cypriot Presidents attitude towards Cyprus entry into the European Union?（分数：1.00）A.Optimistic.B.P
11、essimistic.C.Critical.D.Suspicious.I Questions 9 to 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question. Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).During his talk with King Abdullah, President Bush_.（分数：1.00）A.denied that U. S. soldiers w
12、ere to blame for their abuse of prisoners in IraqB.refused to admit that it was an error to launch the war on IraqC.made an apology for American soldiers abuse of prisoners in IraqD.required Jordan to give help in fighting against terrorism(2).According to the news report, President Bush was sorry f
13、or the following EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.the abuse of Iraqi prisonersB.the Iraqi prisoners humiliationC.that many people didnt understand AmericaD.that those responsible for the abuse were not brought to justice四、BPART READING (总题数：5，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BLong before “crossover“ and “eclectic“ became part of
14、 the journalistic vernacular, Dinah Washington defied categorization and embraced any and every type of song. Her delivery was instantly identifiable, and she prided herself on crystal-clear diction, precise pitch and spontaneity. Washington made brilliant recordings, beginning with her days as a pi
15、anist accompanying gospel pioneer Sallie Martin, through swing and R now it has little. Unexpected supply interruptions (sabotage in Iraq, civil war in Nigeria) boost prices.Verleger says prices could go to $60 next year or even $80 if adverse supply conditions persist. No one really knows. Analyst
16、Adam Sieminski of Deutsche Bank thinks prices may retreat to the low $30s in 2005. A slowing Chinese economy could weaken demand. But the uncertainties cannot obscure two stubborn realities. First, world oil production cant rise forevers dwindling reserves will someday cause declines. And, second, b
17、arring miraculous discoveries, more will come from unstable regions-especially the Middle East.We need to face these realities neither George Bush nor John Kerry does. Their energy plans are rival fantasies. Kerry pledges to make us “independent“ of Middle East oil, mainly through conservation and a
18、n emphasis on “renewable“ fuels (biomass, solar, wind). Richard Nixon was the first president to promise energy “independence“. It couldnt happen then- and cant now. The United States imports about 60 percent of its oil. A fifth of imports come from the Persian Gulf. Even if we eliminated Persian Gu
19、lf imports, wed still be vulnerable. Oil scarcities and prices are transmitted worldwide. The global economy-on which we depend-remains hugely in need of Persian Gulf oil.Bushes pitch is that we can produce our way out of trouble. No such luck. Drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, with p
20、ossible reserves of 10 billion barrels, might provide 1 million barrels a day, or 5 percent of present U.S. demand. Fine. But the practical effect would be to offset some drop in production elsewhere. American oil output peaked in 1970; its down 34 percent since then.A groundbreaking study from the
21、consulting company PFC Energy illuminates our predicament. The world now uses 82 million barrels of oil a day; thats 30 billion barrels a year. To estimate future production, the study examined historical production and discovery patterns in all the worlds oil fields. The conclusion The world alread
22、y uses about 12 billion more barrels a year than it finds. “In almost every mature oil basin, the world has been producing more than its finding for close to 20 years,“ says PFCs Mike Rodgers. That cant continue indefinitely.The study is no doomsday exercise. Rodgers says that future discovery and r
23、ecovery rates could be better or worsen-than assumed. With present rates, he expects global oil supply to peak before 2020 at about 100 million barrels a day. Whatever happens, the world will probably depend more on two shaky regions: the Persian Gulf and the former Soviet Union. The Gulf now suppli
24、es a quarter of the worlds oil; PFC projects that to rise to a third in a decade.Although the future is hazy, what we ought to do isnt. We need to dampen oil use, expand production and-if oil prices recede-significantly increase the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. These steps can t end our vulnerabilit
25、y to global price surges or the effects of a catastrophic loss of oil supplies from, say, war or terrorism. But they can reduce it. Most important, Americans should curb gasoline use. The Energy Information Administration reports the following: Gasoline represents about 45 percent of U. S. oil deman
26、d; since 1991 the explosion of SUVs and light trucks has meant no gains in average fuel mileage efficiency; and over the same period, typical drivers travel almost 1,000 miles more annually:We should be promoting fuel-efficient vehicles, particularly “hybrids“. Combining gasoline and electric power,
27、 they get 20 percent to 40 percent better mileage than conventional vehicles, says David Greene of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. They also cost from $3,000 to $4,000 more than conventional cars, he says, mainly because they have two power sources. But Greene plausibly asserts that if production
28、 expanded, the cost gap would shrink. The way to expand demand would be to adopt a gasoline tax of $1 to $2 a gallon. Americans would know that fuel prices would stay high. Theyd have reason to economize.Of course, a fuel tax is a political showstopper. It isnt in Bushs or Kerrys plan. They promote
29、hydrogen-powered cars. These sound great but-given the technical obstacles- wont become widespread for many years, if ever. This captures our choice: taking modestly unpleasant preventive steps; or running greater future risks by clinging to our fantasies. History favors our fantasies.（分数：5.00）(1).T
30、he writer of the passage is critical of _ energy plans.（分数：1.00）A.George BushsB.John KerrysC.neither George Bushes nor John KerrysD.both George Bushs and John Kerrys(2).It can be inferred from the passage that_.（分数：1.00）A.futures contractors have made profits out of price surgesB.Americans havent le
31、arned to think realistically about oilC.greedy oil companies have conspired to raise oil pricesD.hydrogen-powered cars would have better mileage(3).This passage is most probably written by someone who works for a_.（分数：1.00）A.newspaperB.consulting firmC.research instituteD.government agency(4).Accord
32、ing to the passage, preventive steps mentioned in the last paragraph may include all the following EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.restraining and limiting gasoline useB.promoting fuel-efficient vehiclesC.becoming independent of Middle East oilD.increasing the Strategic Petroleum Reserve(5).According to the pass
33、age, which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：1.00）A.Nobody knows for sure whether oil prices will go up or down in the future.B.Chinas increasing demand led OPEC to miscalculate production capacity.C.There has been little gains in average fuel mileage efficiency.D.The world will depend mor
34、e on the Persian Gulf in the future.BTEXT E/BThe Department of Homeland Security has filled the nations top cyber-security post after the previous chief abruptly resigned last week in a move that raised questions about the Bush administrations commitment to protecting U. S. computer networks from el
35、ectronic threats. Andy Purdy, who served as deputy cyber-security director under former National Cyber Security Division head and security industry entrepreneur Amit Yoran, will act as interim director, according to an email written by Robert P. Liscouski, the departments head of infrastructure prot
36、ection.Purdy has been a member of the cyber-security division since it was set up in 2003, and was the vice chairman and senior adviser on information technology issues for the Presidents Critical Infrastructure Protection Board. Purdy declined an interview request. Homeland Security spokeswoman Mic
37、helle Petrovich said that “Cyber- security will continue to be a priority of the Department of Homeland Security and we plan to move quickly to fill the position with someone who has demonstrated leadership in this important field.“Purdy moves into his new role at a time when many cyber-security aut
38、horities say the Bush administration has come up short in its commitment to protecting the nation from computer viruses and other electronic attacks. Industry officials and security experts said he is a good fit for the job, but that the position needs more authority in order to make a difference.“W
39、eve worked with Andy for a number of years Hes a very smart guy and very talented,“ said Harris Miller, president of the Information Technology Association of America, an Arlington, Va. -based lobbying firm. Nevertheless, Miller said, the job “needs to be elevated“.“Andy is a terribly nice guy and w
40、ill obviously try to do the best thing, but without authority and without the ability to reach up into the department and to reach out among other federal agencies as a more senior person, its going to be difficult for him to do the job,“ said Paul Kurtz, executive director of the Cyber Security Ind
41、ustry Alliance and a former White House computer-security official.This is a problem that industry executives and former government officials said contributed to Yorans decision to resign last week. Yoran became director of the cyber- security division in September 2003 after the previous White Hous
42、e adviser, Howard A. Schmidt, resigned in April to become the head of security at online auction company eBay Inc. Schmidt succeeded Richard A. Clarke, who had stepped down three months earlier, warning that the administration needed to take online security more seriously.Yoran, who declined to comm
43、ent for this story, was in charge of implementing the recommendations in the administrations national cyber-security plan, a document that received criticism from a variety of sources for failing to require the business community to strengthen its online security. He also oversaw the creation of the
44、 U.S. Computer Emergency Readiness Team, which coordinates efforts to fight online network attacks.Nevertheless, the problem with the position is that it is too far down he chain of command from Homeland Security Secretary Tom Ridge, said Rep. Mac Thornberry who sponsored a House bill to revamp the
45、nations intelligence structure and elevate the cyber- security position.（分数：4.00）(1).According to the passage, the National Cyber Security Division will be under the leadership of_.（分数：1.00）A.the Cyber Security Industry AllianceB.the Department of Homeland SecurityC.the Information Technology Associ
46、ationD.the Critical Infrastructure Protection Board(2).Andy Purdy will directly answer to_.（分数：1.00）A.Tom RidgeB.Michelle PetrovichC.Paul KurtzD.Robert Liscouski(3).Amit Yorans resignation may be accounted for mainly by the fact that_.（分数：1.00）A.he failed to protect US computer networks from electro
47、nic threatsB.he criticized the Bush administrations national cyber-security planC.his position as director of the cyber-security division lacked authorityD.his co-status as security industry entrepreneur undermined his authority(4).It can be inferred from the passage that_.（分数：1.00）A.Andy Purdys pos
48、ition should be elevated if he is to do a good jobB.Amit Yoran and Andy Purdy could not cooperate well in their workC.Howard Schmidt resigned in order to make big money at eBay Inc.D.Tom Ridge should have condescended to work with Richard Clarke五、BPART GENERAL (总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.The branch of linguistics which studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription is called_.（分数：1.
