1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 205及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)
2、 you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 Questionnaire Design I. Clarify your study goal Write down your study goal before【 T1】 _【 T1】 _ Ask questions that directly ad
3、dress the goals II. Keep your questionnaire short Long questionnaires get less response Eliminate questions if they will not be used in the【 T2】 _ process【 T2】_ III. Make the envelope unique 【 T3】 _【 T3】 _ Hand-addressed Use a(n)【 T4】 _ postage stamp【 T4】 _ Provide a well-written cover letter IV. Cl
4、ear and concise instructions Avoid long sentences and【 T5】 _ words【 T5】 _ Print the【 T6】 _ on the questionnaire【 T6】 _ V. Begin with a few non-threatening and interesting items Boring or threatening items will put off people VI. Use【 T7】 _ language【 T7】 _ Make items brief Emphasize crucial words by
5、using bold, italics or【 T8】 _【 T8】 _ VII. Leave adequate space for comments Space for comments will provide valuable information Leaving【 T9】 _ space will increase response【 T9】 _ VIII. Hold the respondents interest Provide variety in the type of items used Vary the【 T10】 _ format【 T10】 _ Group item
6、s into【 T11】 _【 T11】 _ IX.【 T12】 _【 T12】 _ Attach a dollar bill Offer a(n)【 T13】 _【 T13】 _ X. Pre-test your questionnaire Try it on representatives of【 T14】 _【 T14】 _ Be present, while they are filling in the questionnaire Tell them its OK to ask you to【 T15】 _ any item【 T15】 _ 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T
7、3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 11 【 T11】 12 【 T12】 13 【 T13】 14 【 T14】 15 【 T15】 15 How to Prepare for a Scholarship Interview? I. Before the interview Preparation is a must Read as much as possible about the program and prepare for questions you want to ask a)Subjects
8、b)Freedom c)【 T1】 _【 T1】 _ d)Professors e)Size of the department f)【 T2】 _【 T2】 _ g)Accommodation h)Outside classroom activities Re-read the announcement a)Think of reasons and examples that【 T3】 _【 T3】 _ b)Dont exaggerate or【 T4】 _【 T4】 _ c)Prepare to answer some direct questions d)【 T5】 _ will inc
9、rease your chances【 T5】 _ Find out information about the interview a)How long it will last b)Who are【 T6】 _【 T6】 _ c)Topics of their interests d)Topics that will show up in the interview e)Find some【 T7】 _ in their website【 T7】 _ f)Get in contact with previous interviewees II. During the interview B
10、ring a copy of all the documents and an【 T8】 _【 T8】 _ Dress formally 【 T9】 _ when you enter and salute【 T9】 _ Chit-chat with the interviewers Ask questions you have prepared Ask for【 T10】 _【 T10】 _ Dos and donts a)Dont【 T11】 _the interview【 T11】 _ b)Criticizing others will make you less【 T12】 _【 T12
11、】 _ c)Dont engage【 T13】 _ in the discussion【 T13】 _ d)Avoid【 T14】 _ in the discussion, unless its necessary【 T14】 _ III. After the interview Write a “thank-you“ note on the day of the interview and in【 T15】 _ paragraphs maximum【 T15】 _ 16 【 T1】 17 【 T2】 18 【 T3】 19 【 T4】 20 【 T5】 21 【 T6】 22 【 T7】 2
12、3 【 T8】 24 【 T9】 25 【 T10】 26 【 T11】 27 【 T12】 28 【 T13】 29 【 T14】 30 【 T15】 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 205答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEE
13、T ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 【听力原文】 Questionnaire Design Good morning, everyone
14、. Today we will continue our lecture on research methodology, particularly on questionnaire design. Most problems with questionnaire analysis can be traced back to the design phase of the project. Well-defined goals are the best way to assure a good questionnaire design. When the goals of a study ca
15、n be expressed in a few clear and concise sentences, the design of the questionnaire becomes considerably easier. The questionnaire is developed to directly address the goals of the study. And I am going to present to you ten tips, which might help you design better questionnaires. Let me begin with
16、 the first tip. One of the best ways to clarify your study goals is to decide how you intend to use the information.1You should do this before you begin designing the study. This sounds obvious, but many researchers neglect this task. Why do we do research if the results will not be used? Be sure to
17、 commit the study goals to writing. Whenever you are unsure of a question, refer to the study goals and a solution will become clear. Ask only questions that directly address the study goals. Avoid the temptation to ask questions because it would be “interesting to know“. Tip 2: Keep your questionna
18、ire short. As a general rule, with only a few exceptions, long questionnaires get less response than short questionnaires. Response rate is the single most important indicator of how much confidence you can place in the results. A low response rate can be devastating to a study. Therefore, you must
19、do everything possible to maximize the response rate. One of the most effective methods of maximizing response is to shorten the questionnaire. If your survey is over a few pages, try to eliminate questions. Many people have difficulty knowing which questions could be eliminated. For the elimination
20、 round, read each question and ask, “How am I going to use this information?“2If the information will be used in a decision-making process, then its important to keep the question. If not, throw it out. Tip 3: Make the envelope unique. We all know how important first impressions are. The same holds
21、true for questionnaires. The respondents first impression of the study usually comes from the envelope containing the survey.3The best envelopes, i.e., the ones that make you want to see whats inside, are colored,4hand-addressed and use a commemorative postage stamp. Envelopes with bulk mail permits
22、 or gummed labels are perceived as unimportant. This will generally be reflected in a lower response rate. Provide a well-written cover letter. The respondents next impression comes from the cover letter. The importance of the cover letter should not be underestimated. It provides your best chance t
23、o persuade the respondent to complete the survey. Tip 4: Include clear and concise instructions on how to complete the questionnaire.5These must be very easy to understand, so use short sentences and basic vocabulary.6Be sure to print the return address on the questionnaire itself, since questionnai
24、res often get separated from the reply envelopes. Tip 5: Begin with a few non-threatening and interesting items. If the first items are too threatening or boring, there is little chance that the person will complete the questionnaire. People generally look at the first few questions before deciding
25、whether or not to complete the questionnaire. Make them want to continue by putting interesting questions first. Tip 6:7Use simple and direct language. The questions must be clearly understood by the respondent. The wording of a question should be simple and to the point. Do not use uncommon words o
26、r long sentences. Make items as brief as possible. This will reduce misunderstandings and make the questionnaire appear easier to complete.8One way to eliminate misunderstandings is to emphasize crucial words in each item by using bold, italics or underlining. Tip 7: Leave adequate space for respond
27、ents to make comments. One criticism of questionnaires is their inability to retain the “flavor“ of a response. Leaving space for comments will provide valuable information not captured by the response categories.9Leaving white space also makes the questionnaire look easier and this increases respon
28、se. Tip 8: Hold the respondents interest. We want the respondent to complete our questionnaire. One way to keep a questionnaire interesting is to provide variety in the type of items used.10Varying the questioning format will also prevent respondents from falling into “response sets“. At the same ti
29、me,11it is important to group items into coherent categories. All items should flow smoothly from one to the next. Tip 9:12Provide incentives as a motivation for a properly completed questionnaire. What does the respondent get for completing your questionnaire? Altruism is rarely an effective motiva
30、tor. Attaching a dollar bill to the questionnaire works well.13If the information you are collecting is of interest to the respondent, offering a free summary report is also an excellent motivator. Whatever you choose, it must make the respondent want to complete the questionnaire. Tip 10: Pre-test
31、your questionnaire.14The final test of a questionnaire is to try it on representatives of the target audience. If there are problems with the questionnaire, they almost always show up here.15If possible, be present while a respondent is completing the questionnaire and tell her that it is okay to as
32、k you for clarification of any item. The questions she asks are indicative of problems in the questionnaire i.e., the questions on the questionnaire must be without any ambiguity because there will be no chance to clarify a question when the survey is mailed. OK. I think I have covered the important
33、 tips for designing an effective questionnaire and how to present it to the targeted audience. Next time, we shall discuss how to sort out and classify data collected from the questionnaire. 【知识模块】 听力填空 1 【正确答案】 designing the study/questionaire 【试题解析】 此空格涉及第一个提示：明确研究目标。讲座提到我们需要明确研究目标，然后再设计问卷。因此，这里填的
34、是 designing the studyquestionnaire。 【知识模块】 听力填空 2 【正确答案】 decision-making 【试题解析】 讲座提到，如果信息将被用于决策过程，则保留该问题。也就是说，如果不用于决策过程的话，便可删掉。因此，这里填 decision-making。 【知识模块】 听力填空 3 【正确答案】 Colo(u)red 【试题解析】 本题考查的是如何才能让信封独特。讲座提到了三个方法，第一个方法是上彩色。题目缺的是第一个方法，填 Colo(u)red。表举例之处是笔记重点。 【知识模块】 听力填空 4 【正确答案】 commemorative 【试题
35、解析】 讲座提到除了上颜色、手写地址，还可以使用纪念性的邮票来让信封看起来独特，有想要看里面内容的冲动，因此本题填入 commemorative。 【知识模块】 听力填空 5 【正确答案】 uncommon 【试题解析】 讲座提到，应该用简单的句子和基本的词汇使问卷容易理解。注意此处的题目设置，考生要从反面来考虑，填入一个与 basic含义相反的词，故填uncommon。 【知识模块】 听力填空 6 【正确答案】 return address 【试题 解析】 讲座提到，务必要把回信地址写在问卷上。因此本题可填入 return address。 【知识模块】 听力填空 7 【正确答案】 simp
36、le and direct 【试题解析】 本题考查设计优秀问卷的第六条建议，即问卷要使用简单直接的语言。因此本题填入 simple and direct。 【知识模块】 听力填空 8 【正确答案】 underlining 【试题解析】 本题询问用什么样的方法可以强调关键的词语。讲座中提到三种方法：使用粗体、斜体和下划线。这里填 underlining。此题根据常识也可作答。 【知识模块】 听力填空 9 【正确答案】 white 【试题解析】 本题询问如何能提高问卷的应答率。讲座提到，在问卷中留空白可以使问卷看起来更容易，从而使应答率提高。因此，这里填 white。 【知识模块】 听力填空 10
37、 【正确答案】 questioning 【试题解析】 本题询问如何才能让应答者保持兴趣。讲座提到，我们可以让提问的形式多样化。这里填 questioning。 【知识模块】 听力填空 11 【正确答案】 coherent categories 【试题解析】 讲座随后提到，我们要把问题组合成连贯的类别。因此，这里填coherent categories。 【知识模块】 听力填空 12 【正确答案】 Provide incentives 【试题解析】 本题考查设计优秀问卷的第九条建议。提供奖励能推动人们真正完成一份完整的问卷。因此本题填入 Provide incentives。这里的 incent
38、ive要使用名词的复数形式。 【知识模块】 听力填空 13 【正确答案】 free summary report 【试题解析】 本题考查奖励措施。讲座提到，如果应答者对你所收集的信息感兴趣，那么你可以给他一份免费的概要报告。因此。这里填 free summary report。 【知识模块】 听力填空 14 【正确答案】 the target audience 【试题解析】 讲座提到最后要提前测试你的问卷调查。问卷调查的最后一项测试要向目标受众的代表开展。因此本题填入 the target audience。 【知识模块】 听力填空 15 【正确答案】 clarify 【 试题解析】 讲座提到
39、，我们要跟应答的代表群体说：对任何问题都可以要求解释。原文给的是名词 clarification，不符合题目的句法，这里要变成动词 clarify。 【知识模块】 听力填空 15 【听力原文】 How to Prepare for a Scholarship Interview? Good morning, everyone. Today, we are going to talk about one very important topic: how to prepare for a scholarship interview. Whats an interview about? Well,
40、 being invited to one means your application documents are all right and that you made it over the first part of the application process. It also usually means that youre in a “now or never“ kind of situation. Hard but true, screw the interview and youre out, no matter how fine your application is.
41、This is why you definitely should prepare before the interview. And I am going to approach the topic in three aspects. First of all, before the interview. Preparation before an interview is a must. Before stepping into the interview room, you should document in detail about the program you are apply
42、ing to, the kind of question you expect to be asked, how long the interview will last, etc. First, try to read as much as possible about the scholarship program you have applied to.l/2Look at what subjects youll study, how many they will be, how much freedom you have in choosing the subjects, how yo
43、ur work will be assessed, professors, the size of the department, student-faculty ratio, accommodation, extracurricular activities. In short, try to get an as exact as possible image about what youll do if you get the scholarship. Write down whatever is of interest to you, what is not clear, or what
44、 youd like to find out more about. During the actual interview, theres almost always a time when its your turn to ask questions and youll want to have some useful questions to ask. Second, re-read the announcement. Examine the requirements,3think of reasons and examples that prove you can meet those
45、 requirements. Very probably, youll be asked questions about that during the interview.4Attention: dont exaggerate, youll seem overqualified, and dont lie, it may sound paranoid, but you never know how “they“ will be able to double check what you say. Look at the scholarship description: what recomm
46、ends you for that thing? Thats another probable question. In some interviews, the question will be even more direct: why are you the best for that place? Youd better have some answer here.5And be convinced that you are the best: it will show during the interview, and help increase your chances. Thir
47、d, try to find out how long the interview will last,6whos gonna be your interviewer, even, if possible, what topics are of most interest to him/her and will show up during the discussion. Of course, that is easier to do if you get the invitation by phone, but theres always a second option:7do some d
48、igging in their website, some useful material may show up, or get in contact with persons who have been through the interview before you. Secondly, during the interview. 8On the day of the interview, bring with you a copy of all your application documents, and an updated CV. The interviewer will very probably not accept new documents and have its own copy of those files, but you never know when an extra copy is needed during the discussion. Besides, youd better dress formally.
