1、专业八级-302 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)B Techniques for Oral Presentation/B In your university work, you will be expected to give oral presentations, in the form of reports or simply in the form ofU (1) /U. There are several things you can do to make your oral present
2、ations clear and easy to understand. The essential point to realize is that speech and writing are different. The first principle to keep in mind when youre planning to speak in public is that you have to help theU (2) /U. In an oral report, the rate of delivery has to be slower. One of the best way
3、s to help your audience is simply toU (3) /UBeyond the simpleU (4) /U, there are ways of organizing your presentation that can help the listener recognize and understand your main points. The organization of your talk should allow enoughU (5) /Ufor the listener to think both before and after each ne
4、w idea. The purpose of the time before the new information is to give the audience a chance to understand theU (6) /Uclearly. The purpose of the time after the new information allows listeners to fit the idea into theirU (7) /Uknowledge of the subject. Thinking time gives the listener a chance to ma
5、ke sure the idea was understood before going on to the next new idea. There are three common ways to give the listener time for thinking after a point of new information. One way is simply toU (8) /UA second method is to useU (9) /U. A third way to give the listener time to think is to useU (10) /U.
6、 In summary, then, we know that oral language should deliver information at a slower rate than you can use in written language. New information should be presented more gradually. Thinking time should be provided both before and after each important new item. There are three most common ways to allo
7、w this thinking time. I hope that these suggestions will help make your oral presentation a great success.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).What will Peter focus on when he takes over his fathers business?（分数：1.00）A.Techn
8、ical researchB.Investing more money in new machinery.C.Finding out what customers want.D.Exporting more manufactured goods.(2).According to Peter, how can they increase the competitive power in business?（分数：1.00）A.Increase more goods per worker.B.Decrease the consumption of raw materials.C.Get rid o
9、f strikes by increasing wages and decreasing working hours.D.Make the factory work more interesting.(3).Which is NOT the reason leading to the poor growth of economy, according to Peter?（分数：1.00）A.Machinery in factories is too old.B.Management in some industries appears out-of-date.C.Trade unions di
10、sagree with each other and they are incompetent in controlling their own members.D.Manufacturing industries are awkward in finding out effective ways of exporting goods.(4).Why is Peter optimistic about the future of the British business when facing fierce competition nowadays?（分数：1.00）A.The British
11、 boast of reputation for honesty and fair dealing in business.B.The British are inventive and there are many skilled workers in the industries.C.Economic globalization promotes the development off economy in almost all countries, and of course Britain is one of them.D.Both A and B.(5).Which can be i
12、nferred from the conversation?（分数：1.00）A.The foreign exchange earned from tourism and banking industry is one of British most important exports.B.“Not bad!“ in English often means “Just so so, thank you!“C.Though fewer strikes have ever taken place in Britain than many other countries, there is not
13、a way out of the awkward situation between workers, trade unions and management.D.Coal-mining and cotton textile industry were and are still the pride and strength of the British.三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：5.00)(1).According to the news, the five Chinese crewmen lost their lives（分数：1.00）A.because they
14、cleaned the ship with lethal liquid.B.as a result of loading poisonous ores.C.as a result of too much exposure to the poisonous gas.D.because of the leakage of lethal gas at the port.(2).Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?（分数：1.00）A.The ship was carrying minerals to Thailand.B.The only s
15、urvivor was being treated in a hospital far away.C.The survivor was the youngest of the six crewmen.D.The Chinese Embassy was very concerned about the accident.I Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question. Now
16、listen to the news./I（分数：3.00）(1).According to the news, US will not send peacekeeping troops to Afghanistan but it will（分数：1.00）A.provide a British-led force with information and materials.B.help a British-led armed force in military training.C.help to train new soldiers only in a. British-led forc
17、e.D.provide the new Afghan army with military information.(2).Which of the following in NOT true about the air crash yesterday irt Afghanistan7（分数：1.00）A.There were 24 passengers in the helicopter.B.More than half of the passengers were hurt.C.The helicopter made a wrong landing.D.The helicopter att
18、empted to land in a difficult terrain.(3).From the news, we know that Bin Laden（分数：1.00）A.went to a Pakistani hospital for his kidney disease.B.committed 6 militants to fight in a hospital in Kandahar.C.was still somewhere in the southern city of Kandahar.D.went to a Pakistani hospital for a regular
19、 medical check.四、BPART READING (总题数：6，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BThe age of gilded youth is over. Todays under-thirties are the first generation for a century who can expect a lower living standard than their parents.Research into the lifestyle and prospects of people horn since 1970 shows that they are like
20、ly to face a lifetime of longer working hours, lower job security and higher taxes than the previous generation. When they leave work late in the evening they will be more likely to return to a small rented flat than to a house of their own. When, eventually, they retire it will be on pensions far l
21、ower in real terms than those of their immediate forebears.The findings are revealed in a study of the way the ageing of Britains population is affecting different generations, Anther Tinker, professor of social gerontology at Kings College London, who carried out much of the work, said the growth o
22、f the proportion of people over 50 had reversed the traditional flow of wealth from older to younger generations, “Todays older middle-aged and elderly are becoming the new winners,“ she said. “They made relatively small the last three to four decades face the prospect of handing over more than a th
23、ird of their lifetimes earnings (in taxes) to care for them.“She revealed that between 1993 and 2000 the proportion of under-25s who owned their own property fell from 21% to 19% and it is still declining. The number of 25 to 29-year-old men living with their parents rose from 18% in 1978 to 23% in
24、1998. But perhaps the most telling figures are for people living without a companion or spouse. In 1973 just 2% of 25 to 35-year-olds lived this way; by 2000 the figure was 12%.Rachel Thomson, a social science researcher at South Bank University, has studied social mobility. “Working-class youngster
25、s can still expect to do better than their parents provided they live in the right area,“ she said. “but for many with middle-class backgrounds, downward mobility is increasingly likely.“The two biggest financial blows for under-thirties are student loans and property prices. Marie-Claire Smith, 28,
26、 a civil servant in London earning just over 30,000 a year, said: “At my age my parents had a home and were starting a family. I graduated five years ago with 6,000 in student loans, a 2,000 overdraft and a postgraduate loan of 3,000 which I have to pay off. Im getting paranoid that by the time my b
27、oyfriend and I can afford a home and a family Ill be less fertile.“One refuge is futile optimism. Thomson said: “The studies found people refuse to talk about downward mobility even when it is clearly happening to them. Doing worse than your parents is the great modern anxiety and they hate to face
28、up to it.“The under-thirties can, however, take consolation in being much more widely travelled. Cheap air fares and wider acceptance of taking years out before or after university have allowed many to go far afield before starting a career.（分数：3.00）(1).Tinker believes that the major cause for the l
29、ower living standard of todays under-thirties is that_.（分数：1.00）A.they have to face lower job securityB.they are living in an ageing societyC.they have to take care of the oldD.their expectations go beyond their abilities(2).We can learn from Tinkers and Thomsons study that_.（分数：1.00）A.there may be
30、more and more under-thirties women living with their parentsB.there may be more and more about: thirties remaining singleC.working-class youngsters are likely to live better than middle-class youngstersD.the under-thirties tend to avoid downward mobility by travelling(3).It may be advised to the und
31、er-thirties that_.（分数：1.00）A.they seek help from their parentsB.they hold an optimistic attitudeC.they start a career overseasD.No advice is offeredBTEXT B/BMost interpreters agree that their really unsettling moments come when the speaker makes a joke involving an untranslatable-play on words. “The
32、re is hardly anything people are more sensitive about than the jokes .they tell,“ Miss Seleskovitch says, “and it is very uncomfortable for everyone when the speaker is overcome with laughter at his own humour and everyone stares at him blankly.“In an extreme instance, she once solved this problem b
33、y quietly informing the delegates, “The speaker has just made a pun which cannot be translated. Please laugh. It would please him very much.“ To her enormous relief, they did.Not every contretemps ends so happily. Victore Sukhodrev was constantly tested by Khrushchevs earthy style. His personal Wate
34、rloo came when his chief, finally realising that his expressions were being diplomatically tiding up, insisted, “I didnt say riffraff. I said bastards.“It was not until the turn of the century that the interpreting art came into its own. Previously, exchanges between nations were conducted by career
35、 diplomats, usually in secret and almost always in French. With the end of World War I, heads of state and heads of government met face to face at the peace conference in Versailles-and discovered they could communicate only with great difficulty. Conferences that should have ended in hours dragged
36、on for days.The League of Nations, abandoning secret diplomacy, opened a new era in international affairs; but it was as though the burden of language had been incorporated into the League charter. A delegate rose to speak in French. An interpreter took notes, When the delegate finished, the interpr
37、eter rose to repeat what had been said, this time in English. A one-hour speech that might have been merely tedious became a crashing bore when it took two, and those who said the League eventually talked itself to death had at least a point.Simultaneous translation changed all that, and the relativ
38、ely simple equipment that makes it possible is routinely used in 85% of all international meetings today. The speaker talks into a microphone linked to a sound-proof booth just off the assembly floor. There the interpreter, speaking into a second microphone, translates the speech for the benefit of
39、those who dont understand the original language, all of whom wear an ear-piece no bigger than a hearing aid. If the audience is multi-lingual, all that is needed to keep everyone abreast isan interpreter for each language, and additional booths and transmitting channels with the corresponding select
40、ion dials at each listeners post.Inside the little booth, however, the atmosphere is invariably charged with tension, and the stress is usually most severe in the German booth. Since the verb comes last in a German sentence, there is no way of anticipating what a speaker will say. If the sentence is
41、 long and involved, there is no chance of understanding it until many nerve-racking minutes have passed.There are those who believe that the age-old problem of how best to translate the thoughts of men from one language to another will yield to the magic of the electronic age. In 1996, the US Nation
42、al Research Council published its findings on the proficiency of a translating machine that took ten years to build and cost8 million. It was, said the report, 21%slower than a skilled human.Man v. s. Computer. When it comes to translating subtleties, the machine itself best emphasizes why the gifte
43、d professionals are in no danger of being replaced. In a demonstration once, the designers asked a statesman to feed the machine a phrase any phrase. The statesman chose, “The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak.“ In went the words in English to the accompaniment of blinking lights and whirrings
44、, and out came a slip of paper in French. “The vodka is strong,“ it said, “but the meat is rotten.“Winston Churchill once said: “Jaw jaw is better than war war .“ Only the anonymous little fraternity of conference interpreters, the real catalysts of international communication, makes this kind of ja
45、wing possible, and the world is just a little bit safer for them.（分数：4.00）(1).Miss Seleskovitchs case shows that an interpreter needs to_.（分数：1.00）A.have a sense of humourB.be quick-wittedC.have a good command of a foreign languageD.be able to play on words(2).What made simultaneous translation poss
46、ible?（分数：1.00）A.The League of Nations.B.International meetings.C.Technology advancement.D.Secret diplomacy.(3).The most likely trend for machine translation believed by the author is that_.（分数：1.00）A.it will take the place of human translatorsB.it wont work at allC.it may have an equal standing with
47、 human translatorsD.it may complement human translators(4).According to the passage, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.before World War I, the diplomat language was French rather than EnglishB.simultaneous translation is a demanding jobC.German is more difficult than Englis
48、hD.interpreters have played a role in preventing breakout of warBTEXT C/BIn the beginning, E. Mavis Hetherington was looking for as much pathology as the next person.It was the early 1970s, with the American family in free fall, and she fully expected that her just-launched study. of the impact of divorce would find dysfunction and plenty of it: parents unable to cope, maladjusted children with long-term difficulties. By almost any measure-emotional, social or ecademic-“we expected them to blow it.“Yet heres the surprising
