1、专业八级-557 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、American Group Dynam(总题数：1，分数：10.00)填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_四、SECTION B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Questions 1 to 5 are(总题数：1，分数：5.00)A.engineering.B.finance.C.manage
2、ment.D.accounting.A.Employees are in face of fierce competition.B.Salaries of engineering grads are lower than the average.C.Starting salaries have been increased this year.D.There might be another hiring surge next year.A.it is not a good job searching strategy.B.not all job vacancies are available
3、 on it.C.grads cannot have a direct contact with employers.D.many grads dont have access to the Internet.A.It enables grads to get a job more easily.B.It enables grads to get a better-paid job.C.It allows grads to get a few contacts.D.It allows grads to know more about the industry.A.To encourage th
4、em to be confident.B.To support them financially.C.To urge them to be dependent.D.To keep an eye on their emotions.六、SECTION C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Questions 6 and 7 ar(总题数：1，分数：2.00)A.more than one hundred miners died 4n a disaster.B.black miners have been calling for a wage rise.C.miners wanted to mour
5、n over colleagues deaths.D.miners wanted to better their working conditions.A.The strike has resulted in a great loss to the mining industry.B.A few reporters were allowed to approach the mine.C.Half the countrys black miners were on strike.D.White church leader called the strike action.八、Question 8
6、 is based (总题数：1，分数：1.00)A.annoyed.B.ecstatic.C.surprised.D.gloomy.九、Question 9 is based (总题数：1，分数：1.00)A.Australia.B.Maharashtra.C.France.D.Austria.十、Question 10 is based(总题数：1，分数：1.00)A.a better treatment of the US detainees at Guantanamo Bay.B.an independent judicial body to bring the detainees t
7、o trial.C.the immediate closure of the detention camp at Guantanamo Bay.D.the implementation of international human rights law at Guantanamo Bay.十一、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十二、TEXT A(总题数：4，分数：4.00)4.It can be inferred from the passage that the author was all EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.compassionate
8、.B.dauntless.C.docile.D.dexterous.5.The best title for the passage is probably _.（分数：1.00）A.The Wretched Life.B.The Orphanage Bullies.C.The Deaf Kid.D.The Whale Sound.6.It can be inferred that the deaf boys life in the orphanage was _.（分数：1.00）A.simple and tranquil.B.monotonous and hard.C.quiet and
9、enigmatic.D.boisterous and hard.7.The author was _ when he tried to protect the deaf kid against the two bullies.（分数：1.00）A.about ten years oldB.not quite about tenC.in his late teensD.in his twenties十三、TEXT B(总题数：5，分数：5.00)8.Which of the following statements is NOT true of knowledge?（分数：1.00）A.Both
10、 individuals and companies need to acquire it.B.It is a key factor to the performance of a company.C.Executives in business overlooked knowledge.D.It is more difficult to obtain knowledge than share it.9.It can be inferred from the first paragraph that _.（分数：1.00）A.some corporations are doomed to go
11、 bankrupt.B.executives have been trying to acquire knowledge.C.there are still some political disputes in the world.D.the economy is undergoing a revival.10.According to the passage, distance learning is considered to _.（分数：1.00）A.completely change the way people acquire knowledge.B.be of little val
12、ue for peoples acquisition of knowledge.C.be useful in some aspects for the acquisition of knowledge.D.have great potential in guiding people to acquire knowledge.11.Employees are unwilling to share knowledge with others because _.（分数：1.00）A.they are afraid to be blamed by their boss.B.they, are afr
13、aid to be outdone by their colleagues.C.they consider it a waste of time to do it.D.they want to spend time, acquiring more knowledge.12.We can conclude that the passage is possibly _.（分数：1.00）A.the preface of a book.B.the interview of some publications.C.an academic paper.D.a magazine article.十四、TE
14、XT C(总题数：6，分数：6.00)13.If there is another paragraph following the passage, it might talk about _.（分数：1.00）A.what the results of Dr. Gils research on Riau Indonesian.B.what the results of linguists research on Riau Indonesian.C.how Dr. Gil carries out his research on Riau Indonesian.D.how linguists c
15、arry out their research on Riau Indonesian.14._ cannot serve as evidence of Noam Chomskys theory of “deep grammar“.（分数：1.00）A.“He never forgaved her for teasing him.“B.“She beganed to feel a sense of panic.“C.“Sheeps were grazing on the hillside.“D.“There are a desk and two chairs here.“15.The word
16、“pitfalls“ in the last paragraph probably means _.（分数：1.00）A.problems.B.grievance.C.puns.D.knowledge.16.It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _.（分数：1.00）A.linguists tend to choose a better way to explain unfamiliar languages.B.Riau Indonesian belongs to the Indo-European language family.C
17、.Riau Indonesian might not fit into an existing mould.D.Dr. Gils argument has been criticized by other linguists.17.The authors attitude towards Dr. Gils contentions is one of _.（分数：1.00）A.disbelief.B.deprecation.C.corroboration.D.ambiguity.18.Which of the following statements is NOT true of Riau In
18、donesian?（分数：1.00）A.It is quite different from standard Indonesian.B.It shares some features with western languages.C.There are no distinct features between nouns and verbs.D.It is hard for western linguists to differentiate verb tenses.十五、TEXT D(总题数：5，分数：5.00)19.Which of the following statements is
19、 NOT true of robots?（分数：1.00）A.Its difficult to prevent robots from contacting people.B.The behavior of robots will be more unforeseeable.C.Robots in the future will be more intelligent than those today.D.Programming robots through a cramped room is the most difficult task20.It can be inferred from
20、the second paragraph that _.（分数：1.00）A.Isaac Asimov will make new laws to replace the old ones.B.the Three Laws of Robotics have been invalidated.C.the book I, Robot was published in Hollywood.D.Isaac Asimov has shifted his attention to films.21.According to the passage, domestic robots will _.（分数：1
21、.00）A.be welcomed by housewives.B.surely go into every household.C.help people a lot with their housework.D.help people with manual and mental work.22.The word “astounding“ in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to _.（分数：1.00）A.gullible.B.awesome.C.gruesome.D.stupendous.23.Blay Whitby thinks
22、that “safety-critical computing“ _.（分数：1.00）A.is in its infancy.B.has its heyday,C.undergoes rapid development.D.can hardly be improved.十六、PART GENERAL KNOWL(总题数：10，分数：10.00)24.Literary _ and the novel became the dominant theme and form of literature in Victorian Period.（分数：1.00）A.idealismB.romantic
23、ismC.realismD.heroism25.The Naming Theory is advanced by _.（分数：1.00）A.Plato.B.Bloomfield.C.Geoffrey Leech.D.Firth.26.Who were the first known inhabitants of Britain?（分数：1.00）A.The Iberians.B.The Beaker FolkC.The Celts.D.The Romans.27.The most serious potential natural disasters in New Zealand are _.
24、（分数：1.00）A.storms and earthquakes.B.volcanoes and floods.C.earthquakes and volcanoes.D.floods and storms.28.Chomsky defines _ as the ideal users knowledge of the rules of his language.（分数：1.00）A.performanceB.langueC.paroleD.competence29.Which of the following is NOT Mark Twains works?（分数：1.00）A.The
25、Innocents AbroadB.The Adventures of Tom SawyerC.The Prince and the PauperD.Daisy Miller30._ is one of the greatest English poets, whose masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales, was one of the most important influences on the development of English literature.（分数：1.00）A.Geoffrey ChaucerB.Jonathan SwiftC.Wa
26、lter ScottD.Samuel Taylor Coleridge.31.Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language?（分数：1.00）A.Arbitrariness.B.Displacement.C.Duality.D.Meaningfulness.32.The United States of America is the _ country in the world.（分数：1.00）A.largestB.second-largestC.third-largestD.fourth largest33
27、.The Hundred Years War is the intermittent conflicts between _ that lasted from 1337 to 1453.（分数：1.00）A.France and EnglandB.England and IrelandC.England and RomeD.England and Scotland十七、PART PROOFREADDING(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十八、The ocean bottom-a (总题数：10，分数：10.00)34.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_35.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_36.（
28、分数：1.00）填空项 1:_37.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_38.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_39.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_40.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_41.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_42.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_43.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_十九、PART TRANSLATION(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二十、SECTION A CHINESE TO(总题数：1，分数：10.00)44.她还清楚地记得，1941 年，她刚刚在耀华中学上了半年高中，因交不起学费而中途辍学。妈妈卖掉最后一件首饰，送她到上海去自谋生路。上海，这个灯红酒绿的花花
29、世界，对于一个初上舞台的青年女演员，处处都有是陷阱。她几次回到天津，想找个安定一些的职业，但迫于自己和朋友伞兵生计，又不得不重返舞台。往来于京沪道上，她目睹大雪封道时，躺在雪地上被鞭打的同胞。日本宪法兵在隆冬腊月，拿水龙浇散抢着登车的难民。她在茫茫的生活大海中浮沉，寻找着新的生路。在苦闷彷徨之中，党向她伸出了手，她投身于党所领导的进步文化事业。从演丽人行开始，她的生活道路发生了转折。（分数：10.00）_二十一、SECTION B ENGLISH TO(总题数：1，分数：10.00)45.None of them knew the color of the sky. Their eyes gl
30、anced level, and were fastened upon the waves that swept toward them. These waves were of the hue of slate, save of the tops, which were 6f foaming white, and all of the men knew the colors of the sea. The horizon narrowed and widened, and dipped and rose, and at all times its edge was jagged with w
31、aves that seemed thrust up in points like rocks.Many a man ought to have a bath-tub larger than the boat which here rode upon the sea. These waves were most wrongfully and barbarously abrupt and tail, and each froth-top was a problem in small boat navigation.The cook squatted in the bottom and looke
32、d with both eyes at the six inches of gunwale which separated him from the ocean. His sleeves were rolled over his fat forearms, and the two flaps of his unbuttoned vest dangled as he bent to bail out the boat. Often he said: “Gawd! That was a narrow clip.“ As he re marked it he invariably gazed eas
33、tward over the broken sea.The oilier, steering with one of the two oars in the boat, sometimes raised himself suddenly to keep clear of water that swirled in over the stern. It was a thin little oar and it seemed often ready to snap.（分数：10.00）_二十二、PART WRITING(总题数：1，分数：20.00)46. Nowadays, children a
34、re apt to spend a lot of time playing computer games. Many parents point out that computer games have little educational value, so children should be prevented from computer games. What is your opinion? Write an essay of about 400 words to state your view.In the first part of your writing you should
35、 state your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to foll
36、ow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your composition on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.（分数：20.00）_专业八级-557 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、American Group Dynam(总题数：1，分数：10.00)填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Private/Personal）解析：听力原文1-10Good morning
37、, everyone. Today Im going to talk about group work done in Western research institutes and university. In fact, much work in Western research institutes and university department is done as a team project. If you want to function well in these settings you need to have an understanding of American
38、group dynamics. I would like to break up my lecture into 4 main categories.The first is the way Americans view professional and private relationships. Americans separate these two re lationships and it is common for them not to fix the two. No one expects you to have a private friendship with the pe
39、ople you work with. This means it is not necessary to develop friendly relationships before people can work together. You dont even have to be friends. Once you meet some people in a working relationship you are not expected to socialize with them after hours. This is not discouraged, but no one is
40、encouraging it either. The most important thing is to accomplish the work which needs to be done. As long as this is happening, authorities are not concerned with what goes outside the office. They only become concerned when outside personal activities affect your performance at work. It is also pos
41、sible that you may not like the person you are working with. You are expected to put these feelings aside and accomplish the tasks related to the project.Sometimes scientists have conflicting personalities or ego conflicts. Both parties know from past experience that they would not get along sociall
42、y, but they know they must work together to complete the project. Because of this they would still work together effectively. Of course, its much nicer when you do like the person you work with but you cant have this expectation when being assigned to a group project.The most important thing in the
43、office or on a project is that people do their jobs. Everyone in the group has a responsibility and must complete it. This attitude of working together to complete some specific goal carries through with students and professors who may have different social standings. No one has the final word unles
44、s he/she has been given that responsibility by the groups. Therefore, a full professor and an undergraduate student are expected to work together effectively when placed on the same team.This brings up my second category: equality and participation. Not only are people of different ages expected to
45、work together but everyone in a group is treated as an equal. Everyone has the right to express his/her opinion. This means that whoever is appointed as leader should not dominate the group. The leader is not the most important person.The leaders role is to make sure everyone participates. Leaders a
46、re there to ensure that the ideas and opinions of all the team members are expressed. They do not dominate the discussion; they merely guide it along and make sure the group does not get stuck on any one point. The leader acts more like a servant rather than a boss. The leader also makes sure the di
47、scussion stays on topic. This helps the group accomplish its goals in the limited time it is giver.It can be said that the best leader gets the most out of each person in the group. He or she recognizes the different abilities of the team members and uses the variety of abilities to accomplish the best results.With this attitude of leadership in America it is important that people talk to each other, not jus
