1、专业八级-570 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：15.00)What Can We Learn from Art?. Introduction A. Differences between general history and art history Focus general history: 1 art history: political values, 2 , everyday life, etc. B. Significance of study
2、More information and better understanding of human society and 3 . Types of information A. Information in history books is 4 facts, but no opinions B. Information in art history is subjective 5 and opinions e.g. Spanish painter“s works: 6 of governmental power Mexican artists“ works: attitudes towar
3、ds social problems . Art as a reflection of religious beliefs A. Europe: 7 in pictures in churches B. Middle East: pictures of flowers and patterns in mosques, palaces Reason: human and 8 are not seen as holy C. Africa and the Pacific Islands: masks, headdresses and costumes in special 9 Purpose: to
4、 seek the help of 10 to protect crops, animals and people . Perceptions of Art How people see art is related to their cultural background. A. Europeans and Americans 11 B. People in other places part of everyday life 12 use . Art as a reflection of social changes A. Cause of changes: 13 of different
5、 cultures B. Changes tribal people: effects of 14 on art forms European artists: influence of African traditional art in their works American and Canadian artists: study of Japanese 15 . （分数：15.00）填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)（分数：10.00）A.It is satisfactory.B.It is encouragingC.It is hopeless.D.
6、It is imperfect.A.Inner-city children.B.Minority children.C.Handicapped children.D.Rural children.A.It will pass the Congress the next year.B.It is to help disadvantaged children in education.C.It is to provide food for African children.D.It is put forward by the Children Association.A.Children can“
7、t choose a suitable school for them.B.There are too few schools for disadvantaged children.C.The government invests too little in education.D.Education is not regarded as a social priority.A.Public schools may fail to meet their expectations.B.Private schools are too religious.C.They are teachers th
8、emselves.D.They cannot afford their children“s education.A.Private schools are more suitable for rich children.B.Low-income children have stronger study motivation.C.Low-income children benefit from private schools.D.Children in public schools are more obedient.A.He likes the challenging job.B.He fi
9、nds his job very difficult.C.He suffers too much pressure.D.He needs confidence in himself.A.Inadequate political support.B.Shortage of funds.C.Improper beliefs.D.Lack of security.A.Ensuring the security of the children.B.Cultivating children“s creativity.C.Making education chances equal.D.Providing
10、 help to poor children.A.Reticent.B.Positive.C.Well-informed.D.Optimistic.四、PART READING COMPR(总题数：1，分数：22.00)SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested ans
11、wers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO. PASSAGE ONE It“s often dangerous to generalize, but under threat, I would say that Americans are more “down the line.“ They don“t hide their hopes and fears. They applaud ambition a
12、nd openly reward success. Brits are more comfortable with life“s losers. We embrace the underdog until it“s no longer the underdog. We like to bring authority down a peg or two. Just for the hell of it. Americans say, “have a nice day“ whether they mean it or not. Brits are terrified to say this. We
13、 tell ourselves it“s because we don“t want to sound insincere but I think it might be for the opposite reason. We don“t want to celebrate anything too soon. Failure and disappointment lurk around every comer. This is due to our upbringing. Americans are brought up to believe they can be the next pre
14、sident of the United States. Brits are told, “It won“t happen for you.“ There“s a received wisdom in the U.K. that Americans don“t get irony. This is of course not true. But what is true is that they don“t use it all the time. It shows up in the smarter comedies but Americans don“t use it as much so
15、cially as Brits. We use it as liberally as prepositions in every day speech. We tease our friends. We use sarcasm as a shield and a weapon. We avoid sincerity until it“s absolutely necessary. We mercilessly take the piss out of people we like or dislike basically. And ourselves. This is very importa
16、nt. Our brashness and swagger is laden with equal portions of self-deprecation. This is our license to hand it out. This can sometimes be perceived as nasty if the recipients aren“t used to it. It isn“t. It“s play fighting. It“s almost a sign of affection if we like you, and ego bursting if we don“t
17、 You just have to know which one it is. I guess the biggest difference between the U.S. version and the U.K. version of The Office reflected this. We had to make Michael Scott a slightly nicer guy, with a rosier outlook to life. He could still be childish, and insecure, and even a bore, but he coul
18、dn“t be too mean. The irony is of course that I think David Brent“s dark descension and eventual redemption made him all the more compelling. But I think that“s a lot more palatable in Britain for the reasons already stated. Brits almost expect doom and gloom so to start off that way but then have a
19、 happy ending is an unexpected joy. Network America has to give people a reason to like you not just a reason to watch you. In Britain we stop watching things like Big Brother when the villain is evicted. We don“t want to watch a bunch of idiots having a good time. We want them to be as miserable as
20、 us. America rewards up front, on-your-sleeve niceness. A perceived wicked streak is somewhat frowned upon. Recently I have been accused of being a shock comic, and cruel and cynical. This is of course almost solely due to a few comments I made as host of last year“s Golden Globes. But nothing could
21、 be further from the truth. I never actively try to offend. That“s churlish, pointless and frankly too easy. But I believe you should say what you mean. Be honest. No one should ever be offended by truth. That way you“ll never have to apologize. I hate it when a comedian says, “Sorry for what I said
22、 You shouldn“t say it if you didn“t mean it and you should never regret anything you meant to do. As a comedian, I think my job isn“t just to make people laugh but also make them think. As a famous comedian, I also want a strict door policy on my club. Not everyone will like what I say or find it
23、funny. And I wouldn“t have it any other way. There are enough comedians who try to please everyone as it is. Good luck to them, but that“s not my game, I“m afraid. I“m not one of those people who think that comedy is your conscience taking a day off. My conscience never takes a day off and I can jus
24、tify everything I do. There“s no line to be drawn in comedy in the sense that there are things you should never joke about. There“s nothing that you should never joke about, but it depends what that joke is. Comedy comes from a good or a bad place. The subject of a joke isn“t necessarily the target
25、of the joke. You can make jokes about race without any race being the butt of the joke. Racism itself can be the butt, for example. When dealing with a so-called taboo subject, the angst and discomfort of the audience is what“s under the microscope. Our own preconceptions and prejudices are often wh
26、at are being challenged. I don“t like racist jokes. Not because they are offensive. I don“t like them because they“re not funny. And they“re not funny because they“re not true. They are almost always based on a falsehood somewhere along the way, which ruins the gag for me. Comedy is an intellectual
27、pursuit. Not a platform. As for cynicism, I don“t care for it much. I“m a romantic. From The Office, and Extras to The Invention Of Lying and Cemetery Junction , goodness and sweetness, honour and truth, love and friendship always triumph. For me, humanity is king. Oh and for the record I“d rather a
28、 waiter say, “Have a nice day“ and not mean it, than ignore me and mean it. PASSAGE TWO For office innovators, the unrealized dream of the “paperless“ office is a classic example of high-tech hubris (傲慢). Today“s office drone is drowning in more paper than ever before. But after decades of hype, Ame
29、rican offices may finally be losing their paper obsession. The demand for paper used to outstrip the growth of the US economy, but the past two or three years have seen a marked slowdown in salesdespite a healthy economic scene. Analysts attribute the decline to such factors as advances in digital d
30、atabases and communication systems. Escaping our craving for paper, however, will be anything but an easy affair. “Old habits are hard to break,“ says Merilyn Dunn, a communications supplies director. “There are some functions that paper serves where a screen display doesn“t work. Those functions ar
31、e both its strength and its weakness.“ In the early to mid-“90s, a booming economy and improved desktop printers helped boost paper sales by 6 to 7 percent each year. The convenience of desktop printing allowed office workers to indulge in printing anything and everything at very little effort or co
32、st. But now, the growth rate of paper sales in the United States is flattening by about half a percent each year. Between 2004 and 2005, Ms. Dunn says, plain white office paper will see less than a 4 percent growth rate, despite the strong overall economy. A primary reason for the change, says Dunn,
33、 is that for the first time ever, some 47 percent of the workforce entered the job market after computers had already been introduced to offices. “We“re finally seeing a reduction in the amount of paper being used per worker in the workplace,“ says John Maine, vice president of a pulp and paper econ
34、omic consulting firm. “More information is being transmitted electronically, and more and more people are comfortable with the information residing only in electronic form without printing multiple backups.“ In addition, Mr. Maine points to the lackluster employment market for white-collar workersth
35、e primary driver of office paper consumptionfor the shift in paper usage. The real paradigm shift may be in the way paper is used. Since the advent of advanced and reliable office-network systems, data storage has moved away from paper archives. The secretarial art of “filing“ is disappearing from j
36、ob descriptions. Much of today“s data may never leave its original digital format. The changing attitudes toward paper have finally caught the attention of paper companies, says Richard Harper, a researcher at Microsoft. “All of a sudden, the paper industry has started thinking, “We need to learn mo
37、re about the behavioural aspects of paper use,“ he says. “They had never asked; they“d just assumed that 70 million sheets would be bought per year as a literal function of economic growth.“ To reduce paper use, some companies are working to combine digital and paper capabilities. For example, Xerox
38、 Corp. is developing electronic paper: thin digital displays that respond to a stylus, like a pen on paper. Notations can be erased or saved digitally. Another idea, intelligent paper, comes from Anoto Group. It would allow notations made with a stylus on a page printed with a special magnetic ink t
39、o simultaneously appear on a computer screen. Even with such technological advances, the improved capabilities of digital storage continue to act against “paperlessness“, argues Paul Saffo, a technology forecaster. In his prophetic and metaphorical 1989 essay, “The Electronic (彩罐),“ he suggests that
40、 the increasing amounts of electronic data necessarily require more paper. “The information industry today is like a huge electronic （分数：22.00）(1).In the author“s view, Brits don“t say “have a nice day“ because -|_|-.(Passage One)（分数：1.00）A.they dislike sounding insincereB.they hate this American ex
41、pressionC.they don“t like expressing themselvesD.they are not as optimistic as Americans(2).In Paragraph 2, the difference shown between Brits and Americans is that -|_|-.(Passage One)（分数：1.00）A.the latter lack any sense of irony in lifeB.the former direct their sarcasm towards othersC.the former em
42、ploy sarcasm as often as possibleD.the latter show irony to others and themselves(3).It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that Brits like the kind of TV play that -|_|-.(Passage One)（分数：1.00）A.makes fun of the vicious peopleB.advocates justice“s triumph over evilC.is led by a guy with a gloomy outloo
43、k of lifeD.has a gloomy scenario but a happy ending(4).What function does the second sentence in the first paragraph serve?(Passage Two)（分数：1.00）A.It further explains high-tech hubris.B.It confirms the effect of high-tech hubris.C.It offers a cause for high-tech hubris.D.It offers a contrast to high
44、tech hubris.(5).Which of the following is NOT a reason for the slowdown in paper sales?(Passage Two)（分数：1.00）A.Workforce with better computer skills.B.Slow growth of the US economy.C.Changing patterns in paper use.D.Changing employment trends.(6).What does the author mean by “irony of the informati
45、on age“?(Passage Two)（分数：1.00）A.The dream of the “paperless“ office will be realized.B.People usually prefer to have face-to-face meetings.C.More digital data use leads to greater paper use.D.Some people are opposed to video-conferencing.(7).What is the author“s attitude towards “paperlessness“?(Pas
46、sage Two)（分数：1.00）A.He reviews the situation from different perspectives.B.He agrees with some of the people quoted in the passage.C.He has a preference for digital innovations.D.He thinks airlines benefit most from the digital age.(8).What happened to the four remaining lawyers after Patrick“s disa
47、ppearance?(Passage Three)（分数：1.00）A.They all wanted to divorce their wives.B.They were all heavily involved in debts.C.They were all recovering from drinking.D.They had bought new homes, yachts, etc.(9).Which of the following statements contains a metaphor?(Passage Three)（分数：1.00）A.His name came off
48、 the letterhead as the debts piled up.Bthey could see it, almost touch it when their dead partner.C.attached unwillingly at the hip by the bondage of mortgages.Dand for this he had received no small amount of grief.(10).The lawyers were described as being all the following EXCEPT -|_|-.(Passage Thre
49、e)（分数：1.00）A.greedyB.extravagantC.quarrelsomeD.bad-tempered(11).Which of the following implies a contrast?(Passage Three)（分数：1.00）A, and it would be impossible to hide that kind of money in Biloxi, population fifty thousand.B.They had been joint defendants in several unwinnable lawsuits; thus the bankruptcy.C.There had even been talk of a firm jet, a six-seater.D.His name came off the letterhead as the debts piled up.(12).According to the author, the Universities of Virginia and Penn Stat
