1、专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷213及答案解析 (总分:120.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数:4,分数:120.00)1.PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION(分数:30.00)_2.SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-f
2、illing task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.(分数:30.00)_Resolving Conflic
3、t in a Multicultural EnvironmentI. Definition of culture Culture is a group which shapes a persons【T1】 1【T1】 2 Cultural identities originate from race,【T2】 3, gender, etc.【T2】 4II. Cultural assumptions Cause of cultural conflicts:differences in values and【T3】 5【T3】 6Example A: Women wrote excellent
4、proposal but they failed in interview part They preferred to have【T4】 7 before being questioned【T4】 8Example B: A city in Alaska celebrated 200th year of fur Russian trader Native Indian tribe was offended The activity implied there was no【T5】 9 before【T5】 10III. Identifying cultural conflictsThree
5、dimensions of cultural conflictsA. contentB.【T6】 11 issues【T6】 12C. clash of valuesThree signs of identifying conflicts complex combinations of【T7】 13 about behaviors【T7】 14 If the previous two dimensions do not resolve the conflict, then cultural differences are the root cause【T8】 15 still causes c
6、onflict and emotion【T8】 16IV. Resolving cultural conflictsResolution 1:【T9】 17 the cultural dimension【T9】 18 acknowledgment that the conflict contains a cultural dimension all sides are【T10】 19 to deal with all conflict dimensions【T10】 20 systematic phased work is needed Four phases:A.【T11】 21 of ea
7、ch others【T11】 22B. Understand cultural perception of both sidesC. Know how problems are handled【T12】 23【T12】 24D. Develop conflict solutions Resolution 2: Learning about other cultures Knowledge could be obtained from training programs,reading, talking and【T13】 25【T13】 26 Acquiring a broad knowledg
8、e of【T14】 27, not stereotyping【T14】 28Resolution 3: Altering practices and procedures in the organizations【T15】 29 change is necessary to make system culturally sensitive【T15】 30(分数:30.00)(1).【T1】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(2).【T2】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(3).【T3】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(4).【T4】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(5).【T5】(分数:2.00)填空项
9、1:_(6).【T6】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(7).【T7】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(8).【T8】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(9).【T9】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(10).【T10】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(11).【T11】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(12).【T12】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(13).【T13】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(14).【T14】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(15).【T15】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_Four Characteristics of CultureI. Culture is shared Reg
10、ion, climate and【T1】 1 form a set of values and beliefs【T1】 2 Culture does not belong to a single individualII. Culture is learned Culture is not born or【T2】 3【T2】 4 Culture is【T3】 5【T3】 6Example: People【T4】 7【T4】 8People invent better technologies People learn from the past generationIII. Cultures
11、change Example:【T5】 9vs. primitive【T5】 10 Causes of cultural changes: the regular【T6】 11 of cultural traits【T6】 12 Different rates of cultural changes among nationse.g. Germans are【T7】 13to adopt new words, while【T7】 14French people are resistant to it Two ways of cultural changesa)Inventions within
12、 a societyb)【T8】 15 cultural traits from one society to another【T8】 16 Impact of changes: a changed trait will affect anotherReason: cultural traits are functionally【T9】 17【T9】 18Example: resisted【T10】 19 opportunities for women【T10】 20in North America and Europe IV. Cultures are【T11】 21【T11】 22 Exa
13、mples:a)Tribes in New Guinea and upper Amazon Basinwere【T12】 23【T12】 24b)Tribal people now buy clothes and【T13】 25produced【T13】 26by multinationals Consequence:a)Societies are【T14】 27 cultural traits from the economic powers【T14】 28b)Small indigenous cultures have disappeared due to the shared globa
14、l culturec)Major cultures will survive because of【T15】 29 and ethnocentrism【T15】 30(分数:30.00)(1).【T1】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(2).【T2】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(3).【T3】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(4).【T4】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(5).【T5】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(6).【T6】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(7).【T7】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(8).【T8】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(9).【T9】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_
15、(10).【T10】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(11).【T11】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(12).【T12】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(13).【T13】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(14).【T14】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(15).【T15】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷213答案解析 (总分:120.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数:4,分数:120.00)1.PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION(分数:30.00)_解析:2.SECTION A MINI-LECTU
16、REIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and s
17、emantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.(分数:30.00)_解析:Resolving Conflict in a Multicultural EnvironmentI. Definition of culture Culture is a group which shapes a persons【T1】 1【T1】 2 Cultural identities originate from
18、 race,【T2】 3, gender, etc.【T2】 4II. Cultural assumptions Cause of cultural conflicts:differences in values and【T3】 5【T3】 6Example A: Women wrote excellent proposal but they failed in interview part They preferred to have【T4】 7 before being questioned【T4】 8Example B: A city in Alaska celebrated 200th
19、 year of fur Russian trader Native Indian tribe was offended The activity implied there was no【T5】 9 before【T5】 10III. Identifying cultural conflictsThree dimensions of cultural conflictsA. contentB.【T6】 11 issues【T6】 12C. clash of valuesThree signs of identifying conflicts complex combinations of【T
20、7】 13 about behaviors【T7】 14 If the previous two dimensions do not resolve the conflict, then cultural differences are the root cause【T8】 15 still causes conflict and emotion【T8】 16IV. Resolving cultural conflictsResolution 1:【T9】 17 the cultural dimension【T9】 18 acknowledgment that the conflict con
21、tains a cultural dimension all sides are【T10】 19 to deal with all conflict dimensions【T10】 20 systematic phased work is needed Four phases:A.【T11】 21 of each others【T11】 22B. Understand cultural perception of both sidesC. Know how problems are handled【T12】 23【T12】 24D. Develop conflict solutions Res
22、olution 2: Learning about other cultures Knowledge could be obtained from training programs,reading, talking and【T13】 25【T13】 26 Acquiring a broad knowledge of【T14】 27, not stereotyping【T14】 28Resolution 3: Altering practices and procedures in the organizations【T15】 29 change is necessary to make sy
23、stem culturally sensitive【T15】 30(分数:30.00)(1).【T1】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:values and identity)解析:解析:本题考查文化的定义。讲座提到,文化塑造了个人的价值观与身份。故填values and identity。(2).【T2】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:ethnicity)解析:解析:本题考查文化认同的来源。录音提到,文化认同来源于以下几点:种族、民族、性别、阶级、宗教、出生地和地理区域。根据提纲提示,本题应填入ethnicity。(3).【T3】(分数:2.00)填空项
24、1:_(正确答案:正确答案:norms of behavio(u)r)解析:解析:本题考查文化冲突的原因。文化冲突发生的原因是不同文化的人们有不同的价值观和行为准则。因此本题填入norms of behaviorbehaviour。(4).【T4】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:casual conversation)解析:解析:由“女士们会因政府官员没有留出时间闲谈就直接提问而感到不舒服”,可推知女士们喜欢闲聊(casual conversation)之后再进入提问环节。(5).【T5】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:civilization)解析:解
25、析:根据讲座,200周年的庆典活动会使当地的印第安部落觉得被冒犯,因为活动暗示着在俄国人来到这片区域之前当地没有文明。故填civilization。(6).【T6】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:relational)解析:解析:本题是细节题,考查文化冲突的三个维度,分别是内容、关系和文化价值观的冲突。故答案为relational。(7).【T7】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:expectations)解析:解析:本题考查识别文化冲突的第一个标志。讲座中提到文化差异往往会产生复杂的行为期待组合。故填expectations,注意用复数。(8).【T8】
26、(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:Insignificant disagreement)解析:解析:本题是原文“即使分歧微不足道,冲突也会再现或激起更强烈的情绪”的同义转换,考查综合理解能力。答案为Insignificant disagreement。(9).【T9】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:probing for)解析:解析:本题考查解决文化冲突的第一个办法探索文化维度。因此,结合下面对应的提纲内容,应填入probing for。(10).【T10】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:willing)解析:解析:本题涉及探索文化维度
27、的第二个步骤,即各方都必须有意愿去处理冲突的各个维度。此处需将willingness转换为willing。(11).【T11】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:Identify offensive behaviorsDescribe offensive behaviors)解析:解析:根据原文describe what they find offensive in each others behavior,此处需要考生进行归纳,填Identify offensive behaviors或Describe offensive behaviors均可。(12).【T12】(分数:
28、2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:in the opponent)解析:解析:录音提到,系统的有步骤的工作是必要的。其中第三步讲述到,学习怎样在文化对立面上解决问题。因此本题应填入in the opponent。(13).【T13】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:past experiencesprevious experiences)解析:解析:本题是细节题,考查跨文化知识的获取途径,可通过培训课程、阅读、交流和过去经验获得知识。故填past experiences或previous experiences。(14).【T14】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正
29、确答案:正确答案:values and beliefs)解析:解析:录音提到,文化教育的重要方面是了解自己的文化,通过获取关于其他文化价值观和信仰的广泛知识来发展自己的文化意识。因此本题填入values and beliefs。(15).【T15】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:Structural)解析:解析:本题考查解决文化冲突的第三个方法,属于细节题。讲座中提到结构的改变是必须的,可以让体制对文化更敏感。故答案为Structural。Four Characteristics of CultureI. Culture is shared Region, climate
30、and【T1】 1 form a set of values and beliefs【T1】 2 Culture does not belong to a single individualII. Culture is learned Culture is not born or【T2】 3【T2】 4 Culture is【T3】 5【T3】 6Example: People【T4】 7【T4】 8People invent better technologies People learn from the past generationIII. Cultures change Exampl
31、e:【T5】 9vs. primitive【T5】 10 Causes of cultural changes: the regular【T6】 11 of cultural traits【T6】 12 Different rates of cultural changes among nationse.g. Germans are【T7】 13to adopt new words, while【T7】 14French people are resistant to it Two ways of cultural changesa)Inventions within a societyb)【
32、T8】 15 cultural traits from one society to another【T8】 16 Impact of changes: a changed trait will affect anotherReason: cultural traits are functionally【T9】 17【T9】 18Example: resisted【T10】 19 opportunities for women【T10】 20in North America and Europe IV. Cultures are【T11】 21【T11】 22 Examples:a)Tribe
33、s in New Guinea and upper Amazon Basinwere【T12】 23【T12】 24b)Tribal people now buy clothes and【T13】 25produced【T13】 26by multinationals Consequence:a)Societies are【T14】 27 cultural traits from the economic powers【T14】 28b)Small indigenous cultures have disappeared due to the shared global culturec)Ma
34、jor cultures will survive because of【T15】 29 and ethnocentrism【T15】 30(分数:30.00)(1).【T1】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:historical heritage)解析:解析:讲座提到,人们依赖于居住区域、气候条件和历史遗产,形成了自己的价值观和信仰。本题所缺失的信息点是历史遗产。(2).【T2】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:instinctive)解析:解析:本题考查文化的特点。讲座录音提到文化是需要学习的。正因为文化不是天生就有的,我们才没有在基因上程序化的设定为学
35、习某一特定语言。结合提纲内容,此题应填入instinctive。(3).【T3】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:cumulative)解析:解析:录音提到新的文化技能和知识是建立于前人获得的知识和经验之上的,因此文化是累积而成的。本题填入cumulative。(4).【T4】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:discover new things)解析:解析:根据原文,文化是累积而成的。每一代人都会发现新事物、发明更好的技术。这些新文化技术与知识将与先前几代人所学的东西融合一起。此处填discover new things。(5).【T5】(分数:2.00
36、)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:city dwellers)解析:解析:本题考查文化变迁的例子。讲座举了城市居民和原始人为例子,指出如今大部分城市居民都没有或者不需要在野外生存的技能。结合提纲,本题填入city dwellers。(6).【T6】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:addition and subtraction)解析:解析:本题考查文化变迁的起因。讲座提到文化特性的增减会导致文化变迁。故答案为addition and subtraction。(7).【T7】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:happy/willing)解析:解析:在谈到文
37、化的变迁速度时,文中加以举例说明。当代德国人通常都乐意(happy)采用其他语言的新词汇,而法国人对这一做法非常抵触。从题后“法国人持resistant态度”,也能推测出德国人与之相反的态度。(8).【T8】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:DiffusionSpread)解析:解析:本题考查文化变迁的两种方式。讲座提到,社会的新发明和社会之间文化特性的传播都会引起文化变迁。这里填Diffusion或spread均可。(9).【T9】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:interconnected)解析:解析:某一文化特性的改变会对其它特性产生影响,因为文化特
38、性是相互联系的。故答案为interconnected。(10).【T10】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:economic and political)解析:解析:讲座举例提出,在上个世纪很多北美和欧洲的男人反对女人有经济和政治上提升的机会。提纲要求填写的是形容词,故本题可以填入economic and political。(11).【T11】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:not isolated/not in isolation)解析:解析:本题考查文化特性的第四个特点。这里需对原文no longer exist in isolation进行归纳概括
39、,填not isolated或not in isolation均可。(12).【T12】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:discovered/known)解析:解析:录音提到,在南美洲的亚马逊上游盆地,一些印第安人部落直到20世纪50至60年代探险家进入他们的领地才被外部世界认识了他们。本题可填入discovered或known等相近意思的词均可。(13).【T13】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:household items)解析:解析:根据讲座,过去那些对外部世界一无所知的部落现在会买跨国公司生产的clothes and household items。故填household items。(14).【T14】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:acquiringadopting)解析:解析:根据原文“基本上所有社会都吸纳了经济强势社会的一些文化特性”,可知此处填acquiring或adopting。(15).【T15】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:language differences)解析:解析:讲座提到,全球共享文化的出现不会导致主流文化的消失,因为语言差异(language differences)和民族优越感阻止了这一现象的发生。