1、专业英语八级（改错）-试卷206及答案解析 (总分：80.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：80.00)1.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE（分数：20.00）_When asked how they define the American Dream, most people will say, Success. The dream of individual opportunity has been at home in 1America when Europeans discovered a new world in the We
2、stern 2Hemisphere. Early immigrants like Hector St. Jean de Crevecoeurspoke highly the freedom and opportunity to be found in this new 3land. His glowing descriptions of a classless society where anyonecould attain success through honesty and hard work has fired the 4imaginations of many European re
3、aders. In Letters from an American Farmer(1782)he wrote, We are all excited at the spirit of anindustry which is unfettered and restrained, because each person 5works for himself. We have no princes, for which we toil, starve, 6and bleed; we are the most perfect society now existing in theworld. The
4、 promise of a land where the awards of a mans 7industry follow with equal steps the progress of his labor drew poor immigrants from Europe and fueled national expansion into the western territories. Our national mythology is full of illustrations of the American success story. Theres Benjamin Frankl
5、in, the very model of the self-educated, self-made man, who rose from modest origins to become a well-known scientist, philosopher, and statesman. The notion of success haunts us; we spent millions every year reading 8about rich and famous, learning how to make a fortune in real 9estate with no mone
6、y downward, and dressing for success. The 10myth of success has even invaded our personal relationships; today its as important to be successful in marriage or parenthood as it is to come out on top in business.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_Conventional wisdom
7、 about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little conflict breeds apathy and stagnation. Too much conflict leads to divisiveness and hostility. Moderate levels ofconflict, so, can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy 1and competitive way. Recent research by Professor Charles R
8、. Schwenk, however,suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be complex to 2determine than these simple generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizations and others for non-profit organizations. Some
9、what surprised, Schwenk found that opinions about 3conflict varied systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in non-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their organizationsand that they promoted higher quality decision-making t
10、han might be 4achieved at the absence of conflict. 5 Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that conflict generally was damaging and usually ledto good quality decision-making in their organizations. Schwenk 6interpreted these results in the terms of the criteria
11、 for effective 7decision-making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seekingorganizations, decision-making effectiveness was mostly often 8assessed in financial terms. The executives believed that consensusother than conflict enhanced financial indicators. 9 In the non-profit organizations, de
12、cision-making effectivenesswas defined from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Giving 10the complexities and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents, executives perceived that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:
13、_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project. Sadly to say
14、, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level 1findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes,combining with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what 2in world those readers really want. 3 But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world
15、 through a set of standard templates(patterns)which they plug each days events. In other words, there is a 4conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news. There is a social and cultural disconnection between
16、 journalistsand their readers, which help explain why the standard templates 5of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recently survey, 6questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Thenresidents in these communities w
17、ere phoned at randomly and asked 7the same questions. Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, ownMercedes, and trade stocks, and theyre more likely to go to 8church, do volunteer work, or put up roots in a community.
18、9 Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isnt rootedin inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills and in the daily clash of world 10views between reporters a
19、nd their readers.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_专业英语八级（改错）-试卷206答案解析 (总分：80.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：80.00)1.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE（分数：20.00）_解析：When asked how they define the American Dream, most people will say, Success. The dream of individual
20、 opportunity has been at home in 1America when Europeans discovered a new world in the Western 2Hemisphere. Early immigrants like Hector St. Jean de Crevecoeurspoke highly the freedom and opportunity to be found in this new 3land. His glowing descriptions of a classless society where anyonecould att
21、ain success through honesty and hard work has fired the 4imaginations of many European readers. In Letters from an American Farmer(1782)he wrote, We are all excited at the spirit of anindustry which is unfettered and restrained, because each person 5works for himself. We have no princes, for which w
22、e toil, starve, 6and bleed; we are the most perfect society now existing in theworld. The promise of a land where the awards of a mans 7industry follow with equal steps the progress of his labor drew poor immigrants from Europe and fueled national expansion into the western territories. Our national
23、 mythology is full of illustrations of the American success story. Theres Benjamin Franklin, the very model of the self-educated, self-made man, who rose from modest origins to become a well-known scientist, philosopher, and statesman. The notion of success haunts us; we spent millions every year re
24、ading 8about rich and famous, learning how to make a fortune in real 9estate with no money downward, and dressing for success. The 10myth of success has even invaded our personal relationships; today its as important to be successful in marriage or parenthood as it is to come out on top in business.
25、（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：at去掉at）填空项1:_（正确答案：whensince）填空项1:_（正确答案：highly一of）填空项1:_（正确答案：hashave）填空项1:_（正确答案：restrainedunrestrained）填空项1:_（正确答案：whichwhom）填空项1:_（正确答案：awardsrewards）填空项1:_（正确答案：spentspend）填空项1:_（正确答案：richthe）填空项1:_（正确答案：downwarddown）解析：解析：固定搭配错误。money down是固定用法，表示“现款支付”，这句话的意思是“学习如何在没有现金的
26、情况下利用不动产致富。”Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little conflict breeds apathy and stagnation. Too much conflict leads to divisiveness and hostility. Moderate levels ofconflict, so, can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy 1and competitive way. Recent
27、research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however,suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be complex to 2determine than these simple generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizations and others for
28、 non-profit organizations. Somewhat surprised, Schwenk found that opinions about 3conflict varied systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in non-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their organizationsand that they promoted h
29、igher quality decision-making than might be 4achieved at the absence of conflict. 5 Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that conflict generally was damaging and usually ledto good quality decision-making in their organizations. Schwenk 6interpreted these resul
30、ts in the terms of the criteria for effective 7decision-making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seekingorganizations, decision-making effectiveness was mostly often 8assessed in financial terms. The executives believed that consensusother than conflict enhanced financial indicators. 9 In t
31、he non-profit organizations, decision-making effectivenesswas defined from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Giving 10the complexities and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents, executives perceived that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions.（分
32、数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：so一however）填空项1:_（正确答案：be一more）填空项1:_（正确答案：surprisedsurprisingly）填空项1:_（正确答案：theyit）填空项1:_（正确答案：atin）填空项1:_（正确答案：goodpoor）填空项1:_（正确答案：the去掉the）填空项1:_（正确答案：mostlymost）填空项1:_（正确答案：otherrather）填空项1:_（正确答案：GivingGiven）解析：解析：动词形式错误。given在这里是介词，意思是“考虑到，鉴于，由于”，而giving只是动词give的动名词形式，没有这个
33、用法，此句的意思是“考虑到要使不同成员满意是复杂且不确定的，管理人员们认为争论会带来更加深思熟虑和可接受的决定。”Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility p
34、roject. Sadly to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level 1findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes,combining with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what 2in world those readers really want. 3 But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists le
35、arn to see the world through a set of standard templates(patterns)which they plug each days events. In other words, there is a 4conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news. There is a social and cultural d
36、isconnection between journalistsand their readers, which help explain why the standard templates 5of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recently survey, 6questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Thenresidents in
37、 these communities were phoned at randomly and asked 7the same questions. Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, ownMercedes, and trade stocks, and theyre more likely to go to 8church, do volunteer work, or put up ro
38、ots in a community. 9 Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isnt rootedin inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills and in the daily clash of world 10views
39、 between reporters and their readers.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：Sadly一Sad）填空项1:_（正确答案：combiningcombined）填空项1:_（正确答案：in一the）填空项1:_（正确答案：whichinto）填空项1:_（正确答案：helphelps）填空项1:_（正确答案：recentlyrecent）填空项1:_（正确答案：randomlyrandom）填空项1:_（正确答案：moreless）填空项1:_（正确答案：updown）填空项1:_（正确答案：andbut）解析：解析：连词误用。结合上下文，这句话的意思是“读者对新闻媒介惊人的不信任的根源并非是报道失实或报道技巧差，而是记者和读者之间世界观的冲突。”notbut指“不是而是”，所以此处应该用but。
