1、专业英语八级13及答案解析 (总分：76.99，做题时间：120分钟)一、PART I LISTENING (总题数：1，分数：1.00)Marslows Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs, which can be arranged in order of importance. Physiological needs: the most【1】ones for survival. They include such needs as food, water, etc.
2、And there is usually one way to satisfy these needs. 【2】needs: needs for a) physical security; b)【3】security. The former means no illness or injury, while the latter is concerned with freedom from【4】, misfortunes, etc. These needs can be met through a variety of means, e. g. job security,【5】plans, a
3、nd safe working conditions. Social needs: human requirements for a) love and affection; b) a sense of belonging. There are two ways to satisfy these needs: a) formation of relationships at workplace; b) formation of relationships outside workplace. Esteem needs: a) self-esteem, i. e. ones sense of a
4、chievement; b) esteem of others, i.e. others respect as a result of ones【6】These needs can be fulfilled by achievement, promotion, honours, etc. Self-realization needs: need to realize ones potential. Ways to realize these needs are individually【7】. Features of the hierarchy of needs: a) Social, est
5、eem and self-realization needs are exclusively【8】need. b) Needs are satisfied in a fixed order from the bottom up. c)【9】for needs comes from the lowest un-met level, d) Different levels of needs may【10】when they come into play. （分数：1.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_二、S
6、ECTION B INTERVI(总题数：1，分数：1.00)(1).What strikes the woman most about the male robber is his （分数：0.20）A.clothes.B.age.C.physique.D.appearance.(2).The most detailed information about the woman robber is her（分数：0.20）A.manners.B.talkativeness.C.height.D.jewelry.(3).The interviewee is believed to be a ba
7、nk（分数：0.20）A.receptionist.B.manager.C.customer.D.cashier.(4).Which of the following about the two robbers is NOT true?（分数：0.20）A.Both were wearing dark sweaters.B.Neither was wearing glasses.C.Both were about the same age.D.One of them was marked by a scar.(5).After the incident the interviewee soun
8、ded（分数：0.20）A.calm and quiet.B.nervous and numb.C.timid and confused.D.shocked and angry.三、SECTION C NEWS BR(总题数：2，分数：1.00)1.The news item is mainly about（分数：0.50）A.a call for research papers to be read at the conference.B.an international conference on traditional Tibetan medicine.C.the number of p
9、articipants at the conference and their nationalities.D.the preparations made by the sponsors for the international conference.(1).According to the UN Human Development Report, which is the best place for women in the world? （分数：0.17）A.Canada.B.The US.C.Australia.D.Scandinavia.(2)._ is in the 12th p
10、lace in overall ranking.（分数：0.17）A.BritainB.FranceC.FinlandD.Switzerland(3).According to the UN report, the least developed country is（分数：0.17）A.Ethiopia.B.Mali.C.Sierra Leon.D.Central African Republic.四、PART II GENERAL K(总题数：10，分数：10.00)2. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northea
11、st, U. S. ?（分数：1.00）A.Huston.B.Boston.C.Baltimore.D.Philadelphia.3. _is the state church in England.（分数：1.00）A.The Roman Catholic ChurchB.The Baptist ChurchC.The Protestant ChurchD.The Church of England4. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of_.（分数：1.00）A.reference.
12、B.meaning.C.antonymy.D.context.5. Which of the following is NOT a romantic poet?（分数：1.00）A.William Wordsworth.B.George Elliot.C.George G. Byron.D.Percy B. Shelley.6. _is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen lines. _.（分数：1.00）A.Free verseB.SonnetC.OdeD.Epigram7.
13、The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is written by_.（分数：1.00）A.Scott Fitzgerald.B.William Faulkner.C.Eugene ONeill.D.Ernest Hemingway.8. The Prime Minister in Britain is head of_.（分数：1.00）A.the Shadow Cabinet.B.the Parliament.C.the Opposition.D.the Cabinet.9. The speech act theory was first put forward
14、 by_.（分数：1.00）A.John Searle.B.John Austin.C.Noam Chomsky.D.M. A. K. Halliday.10. Which of the following writers is a poet of the 20th century?（分数：1.00）A.T.S.Eliot.B.D. H.Lawrence.C.Theodore Dreiser.D.James Joyce.11. Who were the natives of Australia before the arrival of the British settlers?（分数：1.0
15、0）A.The Aborigines.B.The Maori.C.The Indians.D.The Eskimos.五、PART III READING (总题数：4，分数：4.00)Cooperatbive competition. Competitive cooperation. Confused? Airline alliances have travellers scratching their heads over whats going on in the skies. Some folks view alliances as a blessing to travellers,
16、offering seamless travel, reduced fares and enhanced frequent-flyer benefits. Others see a conspiracy of big businesses, causing decreased competition, increased fares and fewer choices. Whatever your opinion, theres no escaping airline alliances: the marketing hype is unrelenting, with each of the
17、two mega-groupings, Oneworld and Star Alliance, promoting itself as the best choice for all travellers. And, even if you turn away from their ads, chances are they will figure in any of your travel plans. By the end of the year, Oneworld and Star Alliance will between them control more than 40% of t
18、he traffic in the sky. Some pundits predict that figure will be more like 75%in 10 years. But why, after years of often ferocious competition, have airlines decided to band together? Lets just say the timing is mutually convenient. North American airlines, having exhausted all means of earning custo
19、mer loyalty at home, have been looking for ways to reach out to foreign flyers. Asian carriers are still hurting from the region-wide economic downturn that began two years ago just when some of the airlines were taking delivery of new aircraft. Alliances also allow carriers to cut costs and increas
20、e profits by pooling manpower resources on the ground (rather than each airline maintaining its own ground crew) and code-sharing the practice of two partners selling tickets and operating only one aircraft. So alliances are terrific for airlines but are they good for the passenger? Absolutely, say
21、the airlines: think of the lounges, the joint FFP (frequent flyer programme) benefits, the round-the-world fares, and the global service networks. Then theres the promise of seamless travel: the ability to, say, travel trom Singapore to Rome to New York to Rio de Janiero, all on one ticket, without
22、having to wait hours for connections or worry about your bags. Sounds utopian? Peter Buecking, Cathay Pacifics director of sales and marketing, thinks that seamless travel is still evolving. Its fair to say that these links are only in their infancy. The key to seamlessness rests in infrastructure a
23、nd information sharing. Were working on this. Henry Ma, spokesperson for Star Alliance in Hong Kong, lists some of the other benefits for consum ers: Global travellers have an easier time making connections and planning their itineraries. Ma claims alliances also assure passengers consistent service
24、 standards. Critics of alliances say the much-touted benefits to the consumer are mostly pie in the sky, that alliances are all about reducing costs for the airlines, rationalizing services and running joint marketing programmes. Jeff Blyskal, associate editor of Consumer Reports magazine, says the
25、promotional ballyhoo over alliances is much ado about nothing. I dont see much of a gain for consumers: alliances are just a marketing gimmick. And as far as seamless travel goes, Ill believe it when I see it. Most airlines cant even get their own connections under control, let alone coordinate with
26、 another airline. Blyskal believes alliances will ultimately result in decreased flight choices and increased costs for consumers. Instead of two airlines competing and each operating a flight on the same route at 70% capacity, the allied pair will share the route and run one full flight. Since fewe
27、r seats will be available, passengers will be obliged to pay more for tickets. The truth about alliances and their merits probably lies somewhere between the travel utopia presented by the players and the evil empires portrayed by their critics. And how much they affect you depends on what kind of t
28、raveller you are. Those whove already made the elite grade in the FFP of a major airline stand to benefit the most when it joins an alliance: then they enjoy the FFP perks and advantages on any and all of the member carriers. For example, if youre a Marco Polo Club goldmember of Cathay Pacifics Asia
29、 Miles FFP, you will automatically be treated as a valuable customer by all members of Oneworld, of which Cathay Pacific is a member even if youve never flown with them before. For those who havent made the top grade in any FFP, alliances might be a way of simplifying the earning of frequent flyer m
30、iles. For example, I belong to United Airlines Mileage Plus and generally fly less than 25,000 miles a year. But I earn miles with every flight I take on Star Alliance member All Nippon Airways and Thai Airways. If you fly less than I do, you might be smarter to stay out of the FFP game altogether.
31、Hunt for bargains when booking flights and you might be able to save enough to take that extra trip anyway. The only real benefit infrequent flyers can draw from an alliance is an inexpensive round-the-world fare. The bottom line: for all the marketing hype, alliances arent all things to all people
32、but everybody can get some benefit out of them. （分数：1.00）(1).Which is the best word to describe air travellers reaction to airline alliances?（分数：0.20）A.Delight.B.Indifference.C.Objection.D.Puzzlement.(2).According to the passage, setting up airline alliances will chiefly benefit（分数：0.20）A.North Amer
33、ican airlines and their domestic travellers.B.North American airlines and their foreign counterparts.C.Asian airlines and their foreign travellers.D.Asian airlines and their domestic travellers.(3).Which of the following is NOT a perceived advantage of alliances?（分数：0.20）A.Baggage allowance.B.Passen
34、ger Comfort.C.Convenience.D.Quality.(4).One disadvantage of alliances foreseen by the critics is that air travel may be more expensive as a result of （分数：0.20）A.less convenience.B.higher operation costs.C.less competition.D.more joint marketing.(5).According to the passage, which of the following ca
35、tegories of travellers will gain most from airline alliances? （分数：0.20）A.Travellers who fly frequently economy class.B.Travellers who fly frequently business class.C.Travellers who fly occasionally during holidays.D.Travellers who fly economy class once in a while.A magazines design is more than dec
36、oration, more than simple packaging. It expresses the magazines very character. The Atlantic Monthly has long attempted to provide a design environment in which two disparate traditions - literary and journalistic - can co-exist in pleasurable dignity. The redesign that we introduce with this issue
37、- the work of our art director, Judy Garlan - represents, we think, a notable enhancement of that environment. Garlan explains some of what was in her mind as she began to create the new design:I saw this as an opportunity to bring the look closer to matching the elegance and power of the writing wh
38、ich the magazine is known for. The overall design has to be able to encompass a great diversity of styles and subjects - urgent pieces of reporting, serious essays, lighter pieces, lifestyle-oriented pieces, short stories, poetry. We dont want lighter pieces to seem too heavy, and we dont want heavi
39、er pieces to seem too pretty. We also use a broad range of art and photography, and the design has to work well with that, too. At the same time, the magazine needs to have a consistent feel, needs to underscore the sense that everything in it is part of one Atlantic world. The primary typefaces Gar
40、lan chose for this task are Times Roman, for a more readable body type, and Bauer Bodoni, for a more stylish and flexible display type (article titles, large initials, and so on). Other aspects of the new design are structural. The articles in the front of the magazine, which once flowed into one an
41、other, now stand on their own, to gain prominence. The travel column, now featured in every issue, has been moved from the back to the front. As noted in this space last month, the word Monthly rejoins The Atlantic on the cover, after a decade-long absence. Judy Garlan came to the Atlantic in 1981 a
42、fter having served as the art director of several other magazines. During her tenure here The Atlantic has won more than 300 awards for visual excellence, from the society of illustrators, the American Institute of Graphic Arts, the Art Directors Club, Communication Arts, and elsewhere. Garlan was i
43、n various ways assisted in the redesign by the entire art-department staff. Robin Gilmore, Betsy Urrico, Gillian Kahn, and Lisa Manning. The artist Nicholas Gaetano contributed as well. he redrew our colophon (the figure of Neptune that appears on the contents page) and created the symbols that will
44、 appear regularly on this page (a rendition of our building), on the Puzzler page, above the opening of letters, and on the masthead. Gaetano, whose work manages to combine stylish clarity and breezy strength, is the cover artist of this issue. （分数：0.99）(1).Part of the new design is to be concerned
45、with the following EXCEPT（分数：0.33）A.variation in the typefaces.B.reorganization of articles in the front.C.creation of the travel column.D.reinstatement of its former name.(2).According to the passage, the new design work involves（分数：0.33）A.other artists as well.B.other writers as well.C.only the co
46、ver artist.D.only the art director.(3).This article aims to（分数：0.33）A.emphasize the importance of a magazines design.B.introduce the magazines art director.C.persuade the reader to subscribe to the magazine.D.inform the reader of its new design and features.When former President Ronald Reagan fell a
47、nd broke his hip at the age of 89, he joined a group of more than 350, 000 elderly Americans who fracture their hips each year. Suffering from advanced Alzheimers disease, Reagan was in one of the highest-risk groups for this type of accident. The incidence of hip fractures not only increases after age 50, but doubles every five to six years as the risk of falling increases. Slipping and tumbling are not the only causes
