1、专业英语八级42及答案解析 (总分：77.00，做题时间：130分钟)一、PART I LISTENING (总题数：1，分数：1.00)1. Skill to ask questions 1) be aware of the human nature:readiness to answer others questions regardless of (1) 1 2) start a conversation with some personal but unharmful questions e.g. questions about ones (2) 2 job questions abo
2、ut ones activities in the (3) 3 3) be able to spot signals for further talk 2. Skill to (4) 4 for answers 1) dont shift from subject to subject sticking to the same subject: signs of (5) 5 in conversation 2) to (6) 6of voice If people sound unenthusiastic, then change subject. 3) use eyes and ears s
3、teady your gaze while ing 3. Skill to laugh Effects of laughter: ease peoples (7) 7 help start (8) 8 4. Skill to part 1) importance: open up possibilities for future friendship or contact 2) ways: : a smile, a (9) 9 wo: same as (10) 10 now how to express pleasure in meeting someone （分数：1.00）填空项1:_填空
4、项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_二、SECTION B INTERVI(总题数：1，分数：1.00)(1).According to Janet, the factor that would most affect negotiations is_.（分数：0.20）A.English language proficiencyB.different cultural practicesC.different negotiation tasksD.the international Americanized style(2)
5、.Janets attitude towards the Americanized style as a model for business negotiations is_.（分数：0.20）A.supportiveB.negativeC.ambiguousD.cautious(3).Which of the following CANNOT be seen as a difference between Brazilian and American negotiators?（分数：0.20）A.Americans prepare more points before negotiatio
6、ns.B.Americans are more straightforward during negotiations.C.Brazilians prefer more eye contact during negotiations.D.Brazilians seek more background information.(4).Which group of people seems to be the most straightforward?（分数：0.20）A.The British.B.Germans.C.Americans.D.Not mentioned.(5).Which of
7、the following is NOT characteristic of Japanese negotiators?（分数：0.20）A.Reserved.B.Prejudiced.C.Polite.D.Prudent.三、SECTION C NEWS BR(总题数：2，分数：1.00)(1). The man stole the aircraft mainly because he wanted to_.（分数：0.25）A.destroy the European Central Bank.B.have an interview with a TV station.C.circle s
8、kyscrapers in downtown Frankfurt.D.remember the death of a US astronaut.(2). Which of the following statements about the man is TRUE?（分数：0.25）A.He was a 31-year-old student from Frankfurt.B.He was piloting a two-seat helicopter he had stolen.C.He had talked to air traffic controllers by radio.D.He t
9、hreatened to land on the European Central Bank.(1).According to the news item, worldwide oil price_.（分数：0.17）A.has risen considerably recentlyB.has fallen considerably recentlyC.has been considerably low recentlyD.has been considerably high recently(2)._has initiated the plan to raise money for the
10、poverty-stricken Africa.（分数：0.17）A.British Chancellor of the ExchequerB.British Prime MinisterC.GMTV and The ObserverD.US President(3)._had been planned to raise to help lift Africa from poverty.（分数：0.17）A.20 billion dollarsB.80 billion dollarsC.100 billion dollarsD.120 billion dollars四、PART II GENE
11、RAL K(总题数：10，分数：10.00)2. _is the capital city of Canada.（分数：1.00）A.VancouverB.OttawaC.MontrealD.York3.William Butler Yeats was a(n) _ poet and playwright.（分数：1.00）A.AmericanB.CanadianC.IrishD.Australian4.The Declaration of Independence was written by_.（分数：1.00）A.Thomas Jefferson.B.George Washington.
12、C.Alexander Hamilton.D.James Madison.5. Which of the following is NOT a romantic poet?（分数：1.00）A.William Wordsworth.B.George Elliot.C.George G. Byron.D.Percy B. Shelley.6. The speech act theory was first put forward by_.（分数：1.00）A.John Searle.B.John Austin.C.Noam Chomsky.D.M. A. K. Halliday.7. _is d
13、efined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen lines. _.（分数：1.00）A.Free verseB.SonnetC.OdeD.Epigram8.Which of the following novels was written by Emily Bront?（分数：1.00）A.Oliver Twist.B.Middlemarch.C.Jane Eyre.D.Wuthering Heights.9.The majority of the current population in t
14、he UK are decedents of all the following tribes respectively EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.the Anglos.B.the Celts.C.the Jutes.D.the Saxons.10. The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is written by_.（分数：1.00）A.Scott Fitzgerald.B.William Faulkner.C.Eugene ONeill.D.Ernest Hemingway.11. The capital of New Zealand is_.（分
15、数：1.00）A.Christchurch.B.Auckland.C.Wellington.D.Hamilton.五、PART III READING (总题数：4，分数：4.00)Farmers in the developing world hate price fluctuations. It makes it hard to plan ahead. But most of them have little choice: they sell at the price the market sets. Farmers in Europe, the U.S. and Japan are l
16、uckier: they receive massive government subsidies in the form of guaranteed prices or direct handouts. Last month U.S. President Bush signed a new farm bill that gives American farmers $190 billion over the next 10 years, or $83 billion more than they had been scheduled to get, and pushes U.S. agric
17、ultural support close to crazy European levels. Bush said the step was necessary to promote farmer independence and preserve the farm way of life for generations. It is also designed to help the Republican Party win cotrol of the Senate in Novembers mid-term elections. Agricultural production in mos
18、t poor countries accounts for up to 50% of GDP, compared to only 3 in rich countries. But most farmers in poor countries grow just enough for themselves and their families. Those who try exporting to the West find their goods whacked with huge tariffs or competing against cheaper subsidized goods. I
19、n 1999 the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development concluded that for each dollar developing countries receive in aid they lose up to $14 just because of trade barriers imposed on the export of their manufactured goods. Its not as if the developing world wants any favours, says Gerald Sse
20、ndawula, Ugandas Minister of Finance. What we want is for the rich countries to let us compete. Agriculture is one of the few areas in which the Third World can compete. Land and labour are cheap, and as farming methods develop, new technologies should improve output. This is no pie-in-the-sky specu
21、lation. The biggest success in Kenyas economy over the past decade has been the boom in exports of cut flowers and vegetables to Europe. But that may all change in 2008. when Kenya will be slightly too rich to qualify for the least-developed country status that allows African producers to avoid payi
22、ng stiff European import duties on selected agricultural products. With trade barriers in place, the horticulture industry in Kenya will shrivel as quickly as a discarded rose. And while agriculture exports remain the great hope for poor countries, reducing trade barriers in other sectors also works
23、: Americas African Growth and Opportunity Act, which cuts duties on exports of everything from handicrafts to shoes, has proved a boon to Africas manufacturers. The lesson: the Third World can prosper if the rich world gives it a fair go. This is what makes Bushs decision to increase farm subsidies
24、last month all the more depressing. Poor countries have long suspected that the rich world urges trade liberalization only so it can wangle its way into new markets. Such suspicions caused the Seattle trade talks to break down three years ago. But last November members of the World Trade Organizatio
25、n, meeting in Doha, Qatar, finally agreed to a new round of talks designed to open up global trade in agriculture and textiles. Rich countries assured poor countries, that their concerns were finally being addressed. Bushs handout last month makes a lie of Americas commitment to those talks and his
26、personal devotion to free trade.（分数：1.00）(1).By comparison, farmers _ receive more government subsidies than others.（分数：0.25）A.in the developing worldB.in JapanC.in EuropeD.in America(2).In addition to the economic considerations, there is a _ motive behind Bushs signing of the new farm bill.（分数：0.2
27、5）A.partisanB.socialC.financialD.cultural(3).The message the writer attempts to convey throughout the passage is that（分数：0.25）A.poor countries should be given equal opportunities in trade.B.the least-developed country status benefits agricultural countries.C.poor countries should remove their suspic
28、ions about trade liberalization.D.farmers in poor countries should also receive the benefit of subsidies.(4).The writers attitude towards new farm subsidies in the U. S. is（分数：0.25）A.favourable.B.ambiguous.C.critical.D.reserved.The miserable fate of Enron s employees will be a landmark in business h
29、istory, one of those awful events that everyone agrees must never be allowed to happen again. This urge is understandable and noble: thousands have lost virtually all their retirement savings with the demise of Enron stock. But making sure it never happens again may not be possible, because the sudd
30、en impoverishment of those Enron workers represents something even larger than it seems. Its the latest turn in the unwinding of one of the most audacious promises of the 20 century. The promise was assured economic securityeven comfortfor essentially everyone in the developed world. With the explos
31、ion of wealth that began in the 19th century it became possible to think about a possibility no one had dared to dream before. The fear at the center of daily living since caveman dayslack of food, warmth, shelterwould at last lose its power to terrify. That remarkable promise became reality in many
32、 ways. Governments created welfare systems for anyone in need and separate programmes for the elderly (Social Security in the U.S.). Labour unions promised not only better pay for workers but also pensions for retirees. Giant corporations came into being and offered the possibilityin some cases the
33、promiseof lifetime employment plus guaranteed pensions. The cumulative effect was a fundamental change in how millions of people approached life itself, a reversal of attitude that must rank as one of the largest in human history. For millennia the average persons stance toward providing for himself
34、 had been. Ultimately Im on my own. Now it became. Ultimately Ill be taken care of. The early hints that this promise might be broken on a large scale came in the 1980s. U.S. business had become uncompetitive globally and began restructuring massively, with huge layoffs. The trend accelerated in the
35、 1990s as the bastions of corporate welfare faced reality. IBM ended its no-layoff policy. AT&T fired thousands, many of whom found such a thing simply incomprehensible, and a few of whom killed themselves. The other supposed guarantors of our economic security were also in decline. Labour-union mem
36、bership and power fell to their lowest levels in decades. President Clinton signed a historic bill scaling back welfare. Americans realized that Social Security wont provide social security for any of us. A less visible but equally significant trend affected pensions. To make costs easier to control
37、, companies moved away from defined-benefit pension plans, which obligate them to pay out specified amounts years in the future, to defined-contribution plans, which specify only how much goes into the plan today. The most common type of defined-contribution plan is the 401 (k). The significance of
38、the 401 (k) is that it puts most of the responsibility for a persons economic fate back on the employee. Within limits the employee must decide how much goes into the plan each year and how it gets invested - the two factors that will determine how much its worth when the employee retires. Which bri
39、ngs us back to Enron. Those billions of dollars in vaporized retirement savings were in employees 401 (k) accounts. That is, the employees chose how much money to put into those accounts and then chose how to invest it. Enron matched a certain proportion of each employees 401 (k) contribution with c
40、ompany stock, so everyone was going to end up with some Enron in his or her portfolio; but that could be regarded as a freebie, since nothing compels a company to match employee contributions at all. At least two special features complicate the Enron case. First, some shareholders charge top managem
41、ent with illegally covering up the companys problems, prompting investors to hang on when they should have sold. Second, Enrons 401 (k) accounts were locked while the company changed plan administrators in October, when the stock was falling, so employees could not have closed their accounts if they
42、 wanted to. But by far the largest cause of this human tragedy is that thousands of employees were heavily overweighted in Enron stock. Many had placed 100% of their 401 (k) assets in die stock rather than in the 18 other investment options they were offered. Of course that wasnt prudent, but its wh
43、at some of them did. The Enron employees retirement disaster is part of the larger trend away from guaranteed economic security. Thats why preventing such a thing from ever happening again may be impossible. The huge attitudinal shift to Ill-be-taken-care-of took at least a generation. The shift bac
44、k may take just as long. It wont be complete until a new generation of employees see assured economic comfort as a 20th-century quirk, and understand not just intellectually but in their bones that, like most people in most times and places, theyre on their own. （分数：1.00）(1).Why does the author say
45、at the beginning The miserable fate of Enrons employees will be a landmark in business history. . . ?（分数：0.20）A.Because the company has gone bankrupt.B.Because such events would never happen again.C.Because many Enron workers lost their retirement savings.D.Because it signifies a turning point in ec
46、onomic security.(2).According to the passage, the combined efforts by governments, labour unions and big corporations to guarantee economic comfort have led to a significant change in_.（分数：0.20）A.people s outlook on life.B.people s life styles.C.people s living standards.D.people s social values.(3)
47、.Changes in pension schemes were also part of_.（分数：0.20）A.the corporate lay-offs.B.the government cuts in welfare spending.C.the economic restructuring.D.the waning power of labour unions.(4).Thousands of employees chose Enron as their sole investment option mainly because_.（分数：0.20）A.the 401 (k) made them responsibl
