1、专业英语八级45及答案解析 (总分：77.02，做题时间：130分钟)一、PART I LISTENING (总题数：1，分数：1.00)Marslows Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs, which can be arranged in order of importance. Physiological needs: the most【1】ones for survival. They include such needs as food, water, etc.
2、And there is usually one way to satisfy these needs. 【2】needs: needs for a) physical security; b)【3】security. The former means no illness or injury, while the latter is concerned with freedom from【4】, misfortunes, etc. These needs can be met through a variety of means, e. g. job security,【5】plans, a
3、nd safe working conditions. Social needs: human requirements for a) love and affection; b) a sense of belonging. There are two ways to satisfy these needs: a) formation of relationships at workplace; b) formation of relationships outside workplace. Esteem needs: a) self-esteem, i. e. ones sense of a
4、chievement; b) esteem of others, i.e. others respect as a result of ones【6】These needs can be fulfilled by achievement, promotion, honours, etc. Self-realization needs: need to realize ones potential. Ways to realize these needs are individually【7】. Features of the hierarchy of needs: a) Social, est
5、eem and self-realization needs are exclusively【8】need. b) Needs are satisfied in a fixed order from the bottom up. c)【9】for needs comes from the lowest un-met level, d) Different levels of needs may【10】when they come into play. （分数：1.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_二、S
6、ECTION B INTERVI(总题数：1，分数：1.00)(1).Actor Dallas McKennon pointed out that broadcast stations are granted a license to_.（分数：0.20）A.entertain and advertiseB.educate and advertiseC.educate and entertainD.be informative and instructive(2).Dallas McKennon said that one of the reasons he likes to act in c
7、artoons is that_.（分数：0.20）A.cartoons are a less violent mediumB.cartoons are a violent mediumC.cartoons are a more violent mediumD.cartoons are an educative medium(3).Dallas McKennon said that for cartoons, actors are selected_.（分数：0.20）A.for the way they look, not the way they soundB.both for the w
8、ay they look and the way they soundC.for the way they sound, not the way they lookD.both for the way they act their roles and the way they look(4).In talking about his career in Hollywood, Dallas McKennon said that his work has been_.（分数：0.20）A.exclusively in cartoonsB.only in Disney feature filmsC.
9、mainly in cartoons and in Disney feature filmsD.both in cartoons and in scientific films(5).According to Dallas McKennon, the old way of making cartoons was to_.（分数：0.20）A.do the drawings first, and then have the actors record the soundB.photograph the actors first, and then do the drawingsC.record
10、the sound first, and then photograph the actorsD.find the actors first and then have them record the sound三、SECTION C NEWS BR(总题数：2，分数：1.00)(1).According to the UN Human Development Report, which is the best place for women in the world? （分数：0.17）A.Canada.B.The US.C.Australia.D.Scandinavia.(2)._ is
11、in the 12th place in overall ranking.（分数：0.17）A.BritainB.FranceC.FinlandD.Switzerland(3).According to the UN report, the least developed country is（分数：0.17）A.Ethiopia.B.Mali.C.Sierra Leon.D.Central African Republic.1.What is the main idea of the news item?（分数：0.50）A.US concern over the forthcoming p
12、eace talks.B.Peace efforts by the Palestinian Authority.C.Recommendations by the Mitchell Commission.D.Bomb attacks aimed at Israeli civilians.四、PART II GENERAL K(总题数：10，分数：10.00)2. The words kid, child, offspring are examples of_.（分数：1.00）A.dialectal synonyms.B.stylistic synonyms.C.emotive synonyms
13、.D.collocational synonyms.3.The Head of State of Canada is represented by_.（分数：1.00）A.the Monarch.B.the President.C.the Prime Minister.D.the Governor-general.4. The capital of New Zealand is_.（分数：1.00）A.Christchurch.B.Auckland.C.Wellington.D.Hamilton.5.The word tail once referred to the the tail of
14、a horse, but now it is used to mean the tail of any animal. This is an example of_.（分数：1.00）A.widening of meaning.B.narrowing of meaning.C.meaning shift.D.loss of meaning.6._ refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of word formation.（分数：1.00）A.PhonologyB.MorphologyC.Sema
15、nticsD.Sociolinguistics7.Which of the following novels was written by Emily Bront?（分数：1.00）A.Oliver Twist.B.Middlemarch.C.Jane Eyre.D.Wuthering Heights.8. _is the capital city of Canada.（分数：1.00）A.VancouverB.OttawaC.MontrealD.York9. _is the state church in England.（分数：1.00）A.The Roman Catholic Churc
16、hB.The Baptist ChurchC.The Protestant ChurchD.The Church of England10. Who were the natives of Australia before the arrival of the British settlers?（分数：1.00）A.The Aborigines.B.The Maori.C.The Indians.D.The Eskimos.11. The novel Emma is written by_.（分数：1.00）A.Mary Shelley.B.Charlotte Bronte.C.Elizabe
17、th C. Gaskell.D.Jane Austen.五、PART III READING (总题数：4，分数：4.00)The banners are packed, the tickets booked. The glitter and white overalls have been bought, the gas masks just fit and the mobile phones are ready. All that remains is to get to the parties. This week will see a feast of pan-European pro
18、tests. It started on Bastille Day, last Saturday, with the French unions and immigrants on the streets and the first demonstrations in Britain and Germany about climate change. It will continue tomorrow and Thursday with environmental and peace rallies against President Bush. But the big one is in G
19、enoa, on Friday and Saturday, where the G8 leaders will meet behind the lines of 18,000 heavily armed police. Unlike Prague, Gothenburg, Cologne or Nice, Genoa is expected to be Europes Seattle, the coming together of the disparate strands of resistance to corporate globalisation. Neither the protes
20、ters nor the authorities know what will happen, but some things are predictable. Yes, there will be violence and yes, the mass media will focus on it. What should seriously concern the G8 is not so much the violence, the numbers in the streets or even that they themselves look like idiots hiding beh
21、ind the barricades, but that the deep roots of a genuine new version of internationalism are growing. For the first time in a generation, the international political and economic condition is in the dock. Moreover, the protesters are unlikely to go away, their confidence is growing rather than wanin
22、g, their agendas are merging, the protests are spreading and drawing in all ages and concerns. No single analysis has drawn all the strands of the debate together. In the meantime, the global protest movement is developing its own language, texts, agendas, myths, heroes and villains. Just as the G8
23、leaders, world bodies and businesses talk increasingly from the same script, so the protesters once disparate political and social analyses are converging. The long-term project of governments and world bodies to globalise capital and development is being mirrored by the globalisation of protest. Bu
24、t what happens next? Governments and world bodies are unsure which way to turn. However well they are policed, major protests reinforce the impression of indifferent elites, repression of debate, overreaction to dissent, injustice and unaccountable power. Their optionsapart from actually embracing t
25、he broad agenda being put to themare to retreat behind even higher barricades, repress dissent further, abandon global meetings altogether or, more likely, meet only in places able to physically resist the masses. Brussels is considering building a super fortress for international meetings. Genoa ma
26、y be the last of the European super-protests. （分数：0.99）(1).According to the context, the word parties at the end of the first paragraph refers to（分数：0.33）A.the meeting of the G8 leaders.B.the protests on Bastille Day.C.the coming pan-European protests.D.the big protest to be held in Genoa.(2).Accord
27、ing to the passage, economic globalisation is paralleled by（分数：0.33）A.the emerging differences in the global protest movement.B.the disappearing differences in the global protest movement.C.the growing European concern about globalisation.D.the increase in the number of protesters.(3).According to t
28、he last paragraph, what is Brussels considering doing?（分数：0.33）A.Meeting in places difficult to reach.B.Further repressing dissent.C.Accepting the protesters agenda.D.Abandoning global meetings.Richard, King of England from 1189 to 1199, with all his characteristic virtues and faults cast in a heroi
29、c mould, is one of the most fascinating medieval figures. He has been described as the creature and embodiment of the age of chivalry. In those days the lion was much admired in heraldry, and more than one king sought to link himself with its repute. When Richards contemporaries called him Coeur de
30、Lion (The Lionheart), they paid a lasting compliment to the king of beasts. Little did the English people owe him for his services, and heavily did they pay for his adventures. He was in England only twice for a few short months in his ten years reign; yet his memory has always stirred English heart
31、s, and seems to present throughout the centuries the pattern of the fighting man. In all deeds of prowess as well as in large schemes of war Richard shone. He was tall and delicately shaped; strong in nerve and sinew, and most dextrous in arms. He rejoiced in personal combat, and regarded his oppone
32、nts without malice as necessary agents in his fame. He loved war, not so much for the sake of glory or political ends, but as other men love science or poetry, for the excitement of the struggle and the glow of victory. By this his whole temperament was toned; and united with the highest qualities o
33、f the military commander, love of war called forth all the powers of his mind and body. Although a man of blood and violence, Richard was too impetuous to be either treacherous or habitually cruel. He was as ready to forgive as he was hasty to offend; he was open-handed and munificent to profusion;
34、in war circumspect in design and skillful in execution; in politics a child, lacking in subtlety and experience. His political alliances were formed upon his likes and dislikes; his political schemes had neither unity nor clearness of purpose. The advantages gained for him by military genius were fl
35、ung away through diplomatic ineptitude. When, on the journey to the East, Messina in Sicily was won by his arms he was easily persuaded to share with his polished, faithless ally, Philip Augustus, fruits of a victory which more wisely used might have foiled the French Kings artful schemes. The rich
36、and tenable acquisition of Cyprus was cast away even more easily than it was won. His life was one magnificent parade, which, when ended, left only an empty plain. In 1199, when the difficulties of raising revenue for the endless war were at their height, good news was brought to King Richard. It wa
37、s said there had been dug up near the castle of Chaluz, on the lands of one of his French vassals, a treasure of wonderful quality; a group of golden images of an emperor, his wife, sons and daughters, seated round a table, also of gold, had been unearthed. The King claimed this treasure as lord par
38、amount. The lord of Chaluz resisted the demand, and the King laid siege to his small, weak castle. On the third day, as he rode daringly near the wall, confident in his hard-tried luck, a bolt from a crossbow struck him in the left shoulder by the neck. The wound, already deep, was aggravated by the
39、 necessary cutting out of the arrow-head. Gangrene set in, and Coeur de Lion knew that he must pay a soldiers debt. He prepared for death with fortitude and calm, and in accordance with the principles he had followed. He arranged his affairs; he divided his personal belongings among his friends or b
40、equeathed them to charity. He declared John to be his heir, and made all present swear fealty to him. He ordered the archer who had shot the fatal bolt, and who was now a prisoner, to be brought before him. He pardoned him, and made him a gift of money. For seven years he had not confessed for fear
41、of being compelled to be reconciled to Philip, but now he received the offices of the Church with sincere and exemplary piety, and died in the forty-second year of his age on April 6, 1199, worthy, by the consent of all men, to sit with King Arthur and Roland and other heroes of martial romance at s
42、ome Eternal Round Table, which we trust the Creator of the Universe in His comprehension will not have forgotten to provide. The archer was flayed alive. （分数：1.02）(1).Little did the English people owe him for his services (Paragraph One) means that the English_.（分数：0.17）A.paid few taxes to him.B.gav
43、e him little respect.C.received little protection from him.D.had no real cause to feel grateful to him.(2).To say that his life was a magnificent parade (Paragraph Two) implies that it was to some extent_.（分数：0.17）A.spent chiefly at war.B.impressive and admirable.C.lived too pompously.D.an empty sho
44、w.(3).Richard s behaviour as death approached showed_.（分数：0.17）A.bravery and self-control.B.wisdom and correctness.C.devotion and romance.D.chivalry and charity.(4).The point of the last short paragraph is that Richard was_.（分数：0.17）A.cheated by his own successors.B.determined to take revenge on his
45、 enemies.C.more generous to his enemies than his successors.D.unable to influence the behaviour of his successors.(5).Which of the following phrases best describes Richard as seen by the author?（分数：0.17）A.An aggressive king, too fond of war.B.A brave king with minor faults.C.A competent but cunning
46、soldier.D.A king with great political skills.(6).The relationship between the first and second paragraphs is that_.（分数：0.17）A.each presents one side of the picture.B.the first generalizes, the second gives examples.C.the second is the logical result of the first.D.both present Richard s virtues and
47、faults.Getting to the heart of Kuwaiti democracy seems hilariously easy. Armed only with a dog-eared NEWSWEEK ID, I ambled through the gates of the National Assembly last week. Unscanned, unsearched, my satchel could easily have held the odd grenade or an anthrax-stuffed lunchbox. The only person who stopped me was a guard who grinned and invited me to take a swig of orange juice from his plastic bottl
