1、专业英语八级9及答案解析 (总分：76.99，做题时间：120分钟)一、PART I LISTENING (总题数：1，分数：1.00)1. Skill to ask questions 1) be aware of the human nature:readiness to answer others questions regardless of (1) 1 2) start a conversation with some personal but unharmful questions e.g. questions about ones (2) 2 job questions abou
2、t ones activities in the (3) 3 3) be able to spot signals for further talk 2. Skill to (4) 4 for answers 1) dont shift from subject to subject sticking to the same subject: signs of (5) 5 in conversation 2) to (6) 6of voice If people sound unenthusiastic, then change subject. 3) use eyes and ears st
3、eady your gaze while ing 3. Skill to laugh Effects of laughter: ease peoples (7) 7 help start (8) 8 4. Skill to part 1) importance: open up possibilities for future friendship or contact 2) ways: : a smile, a (9) 9 wo: same as (10) 10 now how to express pleasure in meeting someone （分数：1.00）填空项1:_填空项
4、1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_二、SECTION B INTERVI(总题数：1，分数：1.00)(1).Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about Davids personal background?（分数：0.20）A.He had excellent academic records at school and university.B.He was once on a PhD programme at Yale University.C.He rece
5、ived professional training in acting.D.He came from a single-parent family.(2).David is inclined to believe in（分数：0.20）A.aliens.B.UFOs.C.the TV character.D.government conspiracies.(3).David thinks he is fit for the TV role because of his（分数：0.20）A.professional training.B.personality.C.life experienc
6、e.D.appearance.(4).From the interview, we know that at present David feels（分数：0.20）A.a sense of frustration.B.haunted by the unknown things.C.confident but moody.D.successful yet unsatisfied.(5).How does David feel about the divorce of his parents?（分数：0.20）A.He feels a sense of anger.B.He has a sens
7、e of sadness.C.It helped him grow up.D.It left no effect on him.三、SECTION C NEWS BR(总题数：2，分数：1.00)(1).Which of the following regions in the world will witness the sharpest drop in life expectancy? （分数：0.17）A.Latin America.B.Sub-Saharan Africa.C.Asia.D.The Caribbean.(2).According to the news, which c
8、ountry will experience small life expectancy drop?（分数：0.17）A.Burma.B.Botswana.C.Cambodia.D.Thailand.(3).The countries that are predicted to experience negative population growth are mainly in（分数：0.17）A.Asia.B.Africa.C.Latin America.D.The Caribbean.(1).According to the news, the enormous food shortag
9、e in Iraq has the most damaging effect on its （分数：0.25）A.national economy.B.adult population.C.young children.D.national currency.(2).The WFP is appealing to donor nations to（分数：0.25）A.double last years food-aid.B.raise $ 122 million for Iraqi people.C.provide each Iraqi family with $ 26 a month.D.h
10、elp Iraqs 12 million population.四、PART II GENERAL K(总题数：10，分数：10.00)2. U. S. presidents normally serve a(n)_term.（分数：1.00）A.two-yearB.four-yearC.six-yearD.eight-year3. The speech act theory was first put forward by_.（分数：1.00）A.John Searle.B.John Austin.C.Noam Chomsky.D.M. A. K. Halliday.4. The capit
11、al of New Zealand is_.（分数：1.00）A.Christchurch.B.Auckland.C.Wellington.D.Hamilton.5. William Sidney Porter known as O. Henry, is most famous for_.（分数：1.00）A.his poems.B.his plays.C.his short stories.D.his novels.6. Which of the following is NOT a romantic poet?（分数：1.00）A.William Wordsworth.B.George E
12、lliot.C.George G. Byron.D.Percy B. Shelley.7. _is the state church in England.（分数：1.00）A.The Roman Catholic ChurchB.The Baptist ChurchC.The Protestant ChurchD.The Church of England8. Syntax is the study of_.（分数：1.00）A.language functions.B.sentence structures.C.textual organization.D.word formation.9
13、. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of_.（分数：1.00）A.reference.B.meaning.C.antonymy.D.context.10. _is the capital city of Canada.（分数：1.00）A.VancouverB.OttawaC.MontrealD.York11. The President during the American Civil War was_.（分数：1.00）A.Andrew Jackson.B.Abraham Linc
14、oln.C.Thomas Jefferson.D.George Washington.五、PART III READING (总题数：4，分数：4.00)I was just a boy when my father brought me to Harlem for the first time, almost 50 years ago. We stayed at the Hotel Theresa, a grand brick structure at 125th Street and Seventh Avenue. Once, in the hotel restaurant, my fat
15、her pointed out Joe Louis. He even got Mr. Brown, the hotel manager, to introduce me to him, a bit paunchy but still the champ as far as I was concerned. Much has changed since then. Business and real estate are booming. Some say a new renaissance is under way. Others decry what they see as outside
16、forces running roughshod over the old Harlem. New York meant Harlem to me, and as a young man I visited it whenever I could. But many of my old haunts are gone. The Theresa shut down in 1996. National chains that once ignored Harlem now anticipate yuppie money and want pieces of this prime Manhattan
17、 real estate. So here I am on a hot August afternoon, sitting in a Starbucks that two years ago opened a block away from the Theresa, snatching at memories between sips of high-priced coffee. I am about to open up a piece of the old Harlem the New York Amsterdam News when a tourist asking directions
18、 to Sylvias, a prominent Harlem restaurant, penetrates my daydreaming. Hes carrying a book: Touring Historic Harlem. History. I miss Mr. Michauxs bookstore, his House of Common Sense, which was across from the Theresa. He had a big billboard out front with brown and black faces painted on it that sa
19、id in large letters: World History Book Outlet on 2,000,000,000 Africans and Nonwhite Peoples. An ugly state office building has swallowed that space. I miss speaker like Carlos Cooks, who was always on the southwest corner of 125th and Seventh, urging listeners to support Africa. Harlems powerful p
20、olitical electricity seems unplugged although the streets are still energized, especially by West African immigrants. Hardworking southern newcomers formed the bulk of the community back in the 1920s and 30s, when Harlem renaissance artists, writers, and intellectuals gave it a glitter and renown th
21、at made it the capital of black America. From Harlem, W.E.B. DuBois. Langston Hughes, Paul Robeson, Zora Neal Hurston, and others helped power Americas cultural influence around the world. By the 1970s and 80s drugs and crime had ravaged parts of the community. And the life expectancy for men in Har
22、lem was less than that of men in Bangladesh. Harlem had become a symbol of the dangers of inner-city life. Now, you want to shout Lookin good! at this place that has been neglected for so long. Crowds push into Harlem USA, a new shopping centre on 125th, where a Disney store shares space with HMY Re
23、cords, the New York Sports Club, and a nine-screen Magic Johnson theatre complex. Nearby, a Rite Aid drugstore also opened. Maybe part of the reason Harlem seems to be undergoing a rebirth is that it is finally getting what most people take for granted. Harlem is also part of an empowerment zonea fe
24、deral designation aimed at fostering economic growth that will bring over half a billion in federal, state, and local dollars. Just the shells of once elegant old brownstones now can cost several hundred thousand dollars. Rents are skyrocketing. An improved economy, tougher law enforcement, and comm
25、unity efforts against drugs have contributed to a 60 percent drop in crime since 1993. （分数：1.00）(1).At the beginning the author seems to indicate that Harlem（分数：0.25）A.has remained unchanged all these years.B.has undergone drastic changes.C.has become the capital of Black AmericaD.has remained a sym
26、bol of dangers of inner-city life.(2).When the author recalls Harlem in the old days, he has a feeling of（分数：0.25）A.indifference.B.discomfort.C.delight.D.nostalgia(3).Harlem was called the capital of Black America in the 1920s and 30s mainly because of its （分数：0.25）A.art and culture.B.immigrant popu
27、lation.C.political enthusiasm.D.distinctive architecture.(4).From the passage we can infer that, generally speaking, the author（分数：0.25）A.has strong reservations about the changes.B.has slight reservations about the changes.C.welcomes the changes in Harlem.D.is completely opposed to the changes.Duri
28、ng the early stages of the Industrial Revolution, advertising was a relatively straightforward means of announcement and communication and was used mainly to promote novelties and fringe products. But when factory production got into full swing and new products, e. g. processed foods, came onto the
29、market, national advertising campaigns and brandnaming of products became necessary. Before large-scale factory production, the typical manufacturing unit had been small and adaptable and the task of distributing and selling goods had largely been undertaken by wholesalers. The small non-specialized
30、 factory which did not rely on massive investment in machinery had been flexible enough to adapt its production according to changes in public demands. But the economic depression which lasted from 1873 to 1894 marked a turning point between the old method of industrial organization and distribution
31、 and the new. From the beginning of the nineteenth century until the 1870s, production had steadily expanded and there had been a corresponding growth in retail outlets. But the depression brought on a crisis of over-production and under-consumption manufactured goods piled up unsold and prices and
32、profits fell. Towards the end of the century many of the small industrial firms realized that they would be in a better position to weather economic depressions and slumps if they combined with other small businesses and widened the range of goods they produced so that all their eggs were not in one
33、 basket. They also realized that they would have to take steps to ensure that once their goods had been produced there was a market for them. This period ushered in the first phase of what economists now call monopoly capitalism, which, roughly speaking, refers to the control of the market by a smal
34、l number of giant, conglomerate enterprises. Whereas previously competitive trading had been conducted by small rival firms, after the depression the larger manufacturing units and combines relied more and more on mass advertising to promote their new range of products. A good example of the changes
35、 that occurred in manufacture and distribution at the turn of the century can be found in the soap trade. From about the 1850s the market had been flooded with anonymous bars of soap, produced by hundreds of small manufacturers and distributed by wholesalers and door-to-door sellers. Competition gre
36、w steadily throughout the latter half of the century and eventually the leading companies embarked on more aggressive selling methods in order to take customers away from their rivals. For instance, the future Lord Leverhulme decided to brand his soap by selling it in distinctive packages in order t
37、o facilitate recognition and encourage customer loyalty. Lord Leverhulme was one of the first industrialists to realize that advertisements should contain logical and considered arguments as well as eye-catching and witty slogans. Many advertisers followed his lead and started to include reason-why
38、copy in their ads. For example, one contemporary Pears soap ad went into great detail about how the product could enhance marital bliss by cutting down the time the wife had to spend with her arms in a bowl of frothy suds. And an ad for Cadburys cocoa not only proclaimed its purity but also detailed
39、 other benefits. for the infant it is a delight and a supports for the young girl, a source of healthy vigour; for the young Miss in her teens a valuable aid to development. and so on. As the writer E. S. Turner rightly points out, the advertising of this period had reached the stage of persuasion a
40、s distinct from proclamation. Indeed advertise or bust seemed to be the rule of the day as bigger and more expensive campaigns were mounted and smaller firms who did not, or could not, advertise, were squeezed or bought out by the larger companies. （分数：0.99）(1).An example of a product which might we
41、ll have been advertised during the early stages of the Industrial Revolution is（分数：0.33）A.a cooking utensil.B.new childs toy.C.tinned fruit.D.household soap.(2).One of the more aggressive selling methods in the soap trade by the leading companies was to（分数：0.33）A.buy out small firms.B.take over dist
42、ribution.C.resort to product designing.D.keep contact with their customers.(3).In addition to distinctive packaging, contemporary products should also（分数：0.33）A.draw customers attention to their benefits.B.make customers aware of their attractiveness.C.display details of the main ingredients.D.focus
43、 on proclamation and promotion.Low self-esteem pops up regularly in academic reports as an explanation for all sorts of violence, from hate crimes and street crimes to terrorism. But despite the popularity of the explanation, not much evidence backs it up. In a recent issue of Psychological Review,
44、three researchers examine this literature at length and conclude that a much stronger link connects high self-esteem to violence. It is difficult to maintain belief in the low self-esteem view after seeing that the more violent groups are generally the ones with higher self-esteem, write Roy Baumeis
45、ter of Case Western Reserve University and Laura Smart and Joseph Boden of the University of Virginia. The conventional view is that people without self-esteem try to gain it by hurting others. The researchers find that violence is much more often the work of people with unrealistically high self-es
46、teem attacking others who challenge their self-image. Under this umbrella come bullies, rapists, racists, psychopaths and members of street gangs and organized crime. The study concludes, Certain forms of high self-esteem seem to increase ones proneness to violence. An uncritical endorsement of the
47、cultural value of self-esteem may therefore be counterproductive and even dangerous. The societal pursuit of high self- esteem for everyone may literally end up doing considerable harm. As for prison programs intended to make violent convicts feel better aboutthemselves, perhaps it would be better to try instilling modesty and humility, the researchers write. In an interview with the Boston Globe, B
