1、专业英语八级2及答案解析 (总分：77.00，做题时间：120分钟)一、PART I LISTENING (总题数：1，分数：1.00)Culture shock is a painful experience we go through when we encounter many new things in another country and we (1) 1in some very strange ways. There are five phases or stages of culture shock: sensory overload, helplessness, (2) 2,
2、 depression and frustration when we run into obstacles in a new country. And here are six areas of life that cause culture shock: 1. The (3) 3. We will see so many strange new things when we set foot on a new land. 2. The greetings. A common way of greeting at home may lead to a (4) 4in a new countr
3、y because we are thought to have poked into other peoples personal affairs. 3. (5) 5. We may be shocked to find that in the new country men and women hug and kiss much more in public than we are accustomed to. 4. Personal (6) 6between people talking. We dont understand why a person will be backing a
4、way from us or why a person may be (7) 7 closer to us in the process of communicating with us. That can be a shock to the system as well. 5. (8) 8. We always struggle to understand what people are saying. We usually have a very hard time in the classroom, when we struggle to follow the instructor wh
5、o speaks very fast and to get the (9) 9needed for passing the exam. 6. Food, which is a very emotional part of life. In a new land, we find our favorite foods may not be available or are prepared quite differently. However, when we have eventually overcome the culture shock, we will have the (10) 10
6、to feel at home anywhere in the world. （分数：1.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_二、SECTION B INTERVI(总题数：1，分数：1.00)(1).The interview with Dr. Mirkin was conducted by_.（分数：0.20）A.an athleteB.a journalistC.a sick manD.a student(2).By mentioning the case of Harvard football p
7、layers, Dr. Mirkin meant that_.（分数：0.20）A.too much exercise often leads to a shorter life spanB.American football is too violent to be good for ones healthC.to exercise when one is young doesnt guarantee a good health when one is olderD.Harvard students are physically inferior to students from other
8、 universities(3).Disco dancing is an excellent exercise because_.（分数：0.20）A.the dancer keeps on moving vigorouslyB.it is most popular among young people todayC.no other exercise can offer as much entertainmentD.it benefits the dancer both physically and spiritually(4).Bicycling and jogging are good
9、exercise to train ones heart because they_.（分数：0.20）A.require a lot of strengthB.are more interestingC.can reduce ones weightD.bring ones heartbeat to at least 120 a minute(5).Which of the following statements is TRUE?（分数：0.20）A.Young people need more exercise than other people.B.One can live longer
10、 than others if one has more exercise when one is young.C.Adults need more exercise than children.D.People can prolong their life span if they keep exercising.三、SECTION C NEWS BR(总题数：2，分数：1.00)2. Chinas Internet users had reached _by the end of June.（分数：0.50）A.68 millionB.8.9 millionC.10 millionD.1.
11、5 million(1).It had been believed that Napoleon Bonaparte_.（分数：0.17）A.died of arsenic poisoningB.died of a stomach cancerC.was killed by British armyD.was murdered by Prussian forces(2).The hair samples used in experiment_.（分数：0.17）A.came from INS which keeps the samplesB.were offered by the emperor
12、s descendantsC.were offered by the emperors servantsD.were taken directly from title emperors body(3).Which of the following is used to support the claim that the emperor died of a natural death?（分数：0.17）A.He had a good appetite for various kinds of food.B.He had a habit of drinking little and mixed
13、 it with water.C.He had lost 11 kilos during the last five months of his life.D.He was deported to the island of St Helena.四、PART II GENERAL K(总题数：10，分数：10.00)3. U. S. presidents normally serve a(n)_term.（分数：1.00）A.two-yearB.four-yearC.six-yearD.eight-year4. The distinction between parole and langue
14、 was made by_.（分数：1.00）A.Halliday.B.Chomsky.C.Bloomfield.D.Saussure.5. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of_.（分数：1.00）A.reference.B.meaning.C.antonymy.D.context.6. The Prime Minister in Britain is head of_.（分数：1.00）A.the Shadow Cabinet.B.the Parliament.C.the Oppos
15、ition.D.the Cabinet.7. William Sidney Porter known as O. Henry, is most famous for_.（分数：1.00）A.his poems.B.his plays.C.his short stories.D.his novels.8. _is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen lines. _.（分数：1.00）A.Free verseB.SonnetC.OdeD.Epigram9. The novel Emm
16、a is written by_.（分数：1.00）A.Mary Shelley.B.Charlotte Bronte.C.Elizabeth C. Gaskell.D.Jane Austen.10. Who were the natives of Australia before the arrival of the British settlers?（分数：1.00）A.The Aborigines.B.The Maori.C.The Indians.D.The Eskimos.11. _is the state church in England.（分数：1.00）A.The Roman
17、 Catholic ChurchB.The Baptist ChurchC.The Protestant ChurchD.The Church of England12. Syntax is the study of_.（分数：1.00）A.language functions.B.sentence structures.C.textual organization.D.word formation.五、PART III READING (总题数：4，分数：4.00)It is nothing new that English use is on the rise around the wor
18、ld, especially in business circles. This also happens in France, the headquarters of the global battle against American cultural hegemony. If French guys are giving in to English, something really big must be going on. And something big is going on. Partly, its that American hegemony. Didier Benchim
19、ol, CEO of a French e-commerce software company, feels compelled to speak English perfectly because the Internet software business is dominated by Americans. He and other French businessmen also have to speak English because they want to get their message out to American investors, possessors of the
20、 worlds deepest pockets. The triumph of English in France and elsewhere in Europe, however, may rest on something more enduring. As they become entwined with each other politically and economically, Europeans need a way to talk to one another and to the rest of the world. And for a number of reasons
21、, theyve decided upon English as their common tongue. So when German chemical and pharmaceutical company Hoechst merged with French competitor Rhone-Poulenc last year, the companies chose the vaguely Latinate Aventis as the new company name and settled on English as the companys common language. Whe
22、n monetary policymakers from around Europe began meeting at the European Central Bank in Frankfurt last year to set interest rates for the new Euroland, they held their deliberations in English. Even the European Commission, with 11 official languages and a traditionally French-speaking bureaucracy,
23、 effectively switched over to English as its working language last year. How did this happen? One school attributes Englishs great success to the sheer weight of its merit. Its a Germanic language, brought to Britain around the fifth century A.D. During the four centuries of French-speaking rule tha
24、t followed Norman Conquest of 1066, the language morphed into something else entirely. French words were added wholesale, and most of the complications of Germanic grammar were shed while few of the complications of French were added. The result is a limguage with a huge vocabulary and a simple gram
25、mar that can express most things more efficiently than either of its parents. Whats more, English has remained ungoverned and open. to change foreign words, coinages, and grammatical shifts in a way that French, ruled by the purist Academie Francaise, had not. So its a swell language, especially for
26、 business. But the rise of English over the past few centuries clearly owes at least as much to history and economies as to the languages ability to economically express the concept win-win. What happened is that the competition first Latin, then French, then briefly, German faded with the waning of
27、 the political, economic, and military fortunes of, respectively, the Catholic Church, France, and Germany. All along, English was increasing in importance: Britain was the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution, and London the worlds most important financial centre, which made English a key langua
28、ge for business. Englands colonies around the world also made it the language with the most global reach. And as that former colony the U.S. rose to the status of the worlds preeminent political, economic, military, and cultural power, English became the obvious second language to learn. In the 1990
29、s more and more Europeans found themselves forced to use English. The last generation of business and government leaders who hadnt studied English in school was leaving the stage. The European Community was adding new members and evolving from a paper-shuffling club into a serious regional governmen
30、t that would need a single common language if it were ever to get anything done. Meanwhile, economic barriers between European nations have been disappearing, meaning that more and more companies are begining to look at the whole continent as their domestic market. And then the Internet came along.
31、The Net had two big impacts. One was that it was an exciting, potentially lucrative new industry that had its roots in the U. S. , so if you wanted to get in on it, you had to speak some English. The other was that by surfing the Web, Europeans who had previously encountered English only in school a
32、nd in pop songs were now coming into contact with it daily. None of this means English has taken over European life. According to the European Union, 47% of Western Europeans (including the British and Irish) speak English well enough to carry on a conversation. Thats a lot more than those who can s
33、peak German (32%) or French (28%), but it still means more Europeans dont speak the language. If you want to sell shampoo or cell phones, you have to do it in French or German or Spanish or Greek. Even the U. S. and British media companies that stand to benefit most from the spread of English have b
34、een hedging their bets CNN broadcasts in Spanish; the Financial Times had recently launched a daily German-language edition. But just look at who speaks English: 77% of Western European college students, 69% of managers, and 65% of those aged 15 to 24. In the secondary schools of the European Unions
35、 non-English-speaking countries, 91% of students study English, all of which means that the tran sition to English as the language of European business hasnt been all that traumatic, and its only going to get easier in the future. （分数：1.00）(1).In the authors opinion, what really underlies the rising
36、 status of English in France and Europe is （分数：0.25）A.Americ an dominance in the Internet software business.B.a prae tical need for effective communication among Europeans.C.Europe ans eagerness to do business with American businessmen.D.there cent trend for foreign companies to merge with each othe
37、r.(2).Europeans began to favour English for all the following reasons EXCEPT its（分数：0.25）A.inherent linguistic properties.B.association with the business worldC.links with the United States.D.disassociation from political changes.(3).Which of the following statements forecasts the continuous rise of
38、 English in the future?（分数：0.25）A.About half of Western Europeans are now proficient in English.B.U.S. and British media companies are operating in Western Europe.C.Most secondary school students in Europe study English.D.Most Europeans continue to use their own language.(4).The passage mainly exami
39、nes the factors related to（分数：0.25）A.the rising status of English in Europe.B.English learning in non-English-speaking E.U. nations.C.the preference for English by European businessmen.D.the switch from French to English in the European Commission.How is communication actually achieved? It depends,
40、of course, either on a common language or on known conventions, or at least on the beginnings of these. If the common language and the conventions exist, the contributor, for example, the creative artist, the performer, or the reporter, tries to use them as well as he can. But often, especially with
41、 original artists and thinkers, the problem is in one way that of creating a language, or creating a convention, or at least of developing the language and conventions to the point where they are capable of bearing his precise meaning. In literature, in music, in the visual arts, in the sciences, in
42、 social thinking, in philosophy, this kind of development has occurred again and again. It often takes a long time to get through, and for many people it will remain difficult. But we need never think that it is impossible; creative energy is much more powerful than we sometimes suppose. While a man
43、 is engaged in this struggle to say new things in new ways, he is usually more than ever concentrated on the actual work, and not on its possible audience. Many artists and scientists share this fundamental unconcern about the ways in which their work will be received. They may be glad if it is unde
44、rstood and appreciated, hurt if it is not, but while the work is being done there can be no argument. The thing has to come out as the man himself sees it. In this sense it is true that it is the duty of society to create conditions in which such men can live. For whatever the value of any individua
45、l contribution, the general body of work is of immense value to everyone. But of course things are not so formal, in reality. There is not society on the one hand and these individuals on the other. In ordinary living, and in his work, the contributor shares in the life of his society, which often a
46、ffects him both in minor ways and in ways sometimes so deep that he is not even aware of them. His ability to make his work public depends on the actual communication system the language itself, or certain visual or musical or scientific conventions and the institutions through which the communicati
47、on will be passed. The effect of these on his actual work can be almost infinitely variable. For it is not only a communication system outside him. it is also, however original he may he, a communication system which is in fact part of himself. Many contributors make active use of this kind of internal communication system. It is to themselves, in a way, that they first show their conceptions, play their music, present their arguments. Not only as a way of getti
