1、专业英语八级翻译-英译汉(三)及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、BTRANSLATION/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BENGLISH TO CHIN(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.The land does not belong to us; we belong to the land. Conservation begins from this plain and simple fact. But how do we persuade more people to feel the truth of it, to know it in their bo
2、nes? UHeres what the Kiowa writer N. Scott Momaday recommends:/U UOnce in his life a man ought to concentrate his mind upon the remembered earth, I believe. He ought to give himself up to a particular landscape in his experience, to look at it from as many angles as he can, to wonder about it, to dw
3、ell upon it. He ought to imagine that he touches it with his hands at every season and listens to the sounds that are made upon it. He ought to imagine the creatures that are there and all the faintest motions in the wind. He ought to collect the glare of noon and all the colors of the dawn and dusk
4、./U UA man or woman who ventures outside the human bubble and pays attention to a given landscape season after season, year after year, may eventually become a true inhabitant of that place, taking it in through every doorway of the body, bearing steadily in heart and mind/U.（分数：20.00）_2.On the 14th
5、 of March, at a quarter to three in the afternoon, the greatest living thinker ceased to think. He had been left alone for scarcely two minutes, and when we came back we found him in his armchair, peacefully gone to sleepbut forever. An immeasurable loss has been sustained both by the militant prole
6、tariat of Europe and America, and by historical science, in the death of this man. The gap that has been left by the departure of this mighty spirit will soon enough make itself felt. Just as Darwin discovered that the law of development of organic nature, so Marx discovered the law of development o
7、f human history: the simple fact, hitherto concealed by an overgrowth of ideology, that mankind must first of all eat, drink, have shelter and clothing, before it can pursue politics, science, art, religion, etc.; that therefore the production of the immediate material means of subsistence and conse
8、quently the degree of economic development attained by a given people or during a given epoch form the foundation upon which the state institutions, the legal conceptions, art, and even the ideas on religion, of the people concerned have been evolved, and in the light of which they must, therefore,
9、be explained, instead of vice versa, as had hitherto been the case.（分数：20.00）_3.Until recently daydreaming was generally considered either a waste of time or a symptom of neurotic tendencies, and habitual daydreaming was regarded as evidence of maladjustment or an escape from lifes realities and res
10、ponsibilities. It was believed that habitual daydreaming would eventually distance people from society and reduce their effectiveness in coping with real problems. At its best, daydreaming was considered a compensatory substitute for the real things in life. As with anything carried to excess, daydr
11、eaming can be harmful. There are always those who would substitute fantasy lives for the rewards of real activity. But such extremes are relatively rare, and there is a growing body of evidence to support the fact that most people suffer from a lack of daydreaming rather than an excess of it. We are
12、 now beginning to learn how valuable it really is and that when individuals are completely prevented from daydreaming, their emotional balance can be disturbed. Not only are they less able to deal with the pressures of day-to-day existence, but also their self-control and self-direction become endan
13、gered. Recent research indicates that daydreaming is part of daily life and that a certain amount each day is essential for maintaining equilibrium. Daydreaming, science has discovered, is an effective relaxation technique. But its beneficial effects go beyond this. Experiments show that daydreaming
14、 significantly contributes to intellectual growth, powers of concentration, and the ability to interact and communicate with others.（分数：20.00）_4.Today I have read the Tempest.Among the many reasons which make me glad to have been born in England, and one of the first is that I read Shakespeare in my
15、 mother tongue. If I try to imagine myself as one who cannot know him face to face, who hears him only speaking from afar, and that in accents which only through the labouring intelligence can touch the living soul, there comes upon me a sense of chill discouragement, of dreary deprivation. I am won
16、t to think that I can read Homer, and, assuredly, if any man enjoys him, it is I; but can I for a moment dream that Homer yields me all his music, that his word is to me as to him who walked by the Hellenic shore when Hellas lived? I know that there reaches me across the vast of time no more than a
17、faint and broken echo; I know that it would be fainter still, but for its blending with those memories of youth which are as a glimmer of the worlds primeval glory.（分数：20.00）_5.USprings are not always the same. In some years, April bursts upon our Virginia hills in one, prodigious leapand all the st
18、age is filled at once, whole choruses of tulips, arabesques of forsythia, cadenzas of flowering plum. The trees grow leaves overnight./U UIn other years, spring tiptoes in. It pauses, overcome by shyness, like my grandchild at the door, peeping in, ducking out of sight, giggling in the hallway. I kn
19、ow youre out there, I cry. Come in! and April slips into our arms./U UThe dogwood bud, pale green, is inlaid with russet markings. Within the perfect cup a score of clustered seeds are nestled. One examines the bud in awe: Where were those seeds a month ago? The apples display their milliners scraps
20、 of ivory silk, rose-tinged. All the sleeping things wake upprimrose, baby iris, blue phlox. The earth warmsyou can smell it, feel it, crumble April in your hands/U. The dark Blue Ridge Mountains in which I dwell, great-hipped, big-breasted, slumber on the western sky. And then they stretch and grad
21、ually awaken. A warm wind, soft as a girls hair, moves sailboat clouds in gentle skies. The rains comegood rains to sleep byand fields that were dun as oatmeal tum to pale green, then, to kelly green.（分数：20.00）_专业英语八级翻译-英译汉(三)答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、BTRANSLATION/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BENGLISH TO CHI
22、N(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.The land does not belong to us; we belong to the land. Conservation begins from this plain and simple fact. But how do we persuade more people to feel the truth of it, to know it in their bones? UHeres what the Kiowa writer N. Scott Momaday recommends:/U UOnce in his life a man o
23、ught to concentrate his mind upon the remembered earth, I believe. He ought to give himself up to a particular landscape in his experience, to look at it from as many angles as he can, to wonder about it, to dwell upon it. He ought to imagine that he touches it with his hands at every season and lis
24、tens to the sounds that are made upon it. He ought to imagine the creatures that are there and all the faintest motions in the wind. He ought to collect the glare of noon and all the colors of the dawn and dusk./U UA man or woman who ventures outside the human bubble and pays attention to a given la
25、ndscape season after season, year after year, may eventually become a true inhabitant of that place, taking it in through every doorway of the body, bearing steadily in heart and mind/U.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(大地不属于我们，而我们却属于大地。环境保护就始于这样一个简单明了的事实。但是我们怎样说服更多的人去体验环境保护的真谛，从内心深处去认识环境保护的重要意义呢?U下面的一段话就是基奥瓦作家司各特默玛
26、戴的建议：/U U我认为在人的一生中，应该有集中精力思考那些能够唤起记忆的土地的经历。他应该忘情于自己所经历过的某一景致，从尽可能多的角度去观赏它，去捉摸它，去常常想着它。他应该设想在每一个季节都用手去触摸它，去倾听触摸时所产生的声音。他应该想象在那里的生物以及风中的一切最轻微的活动，应该采集正午炫目的光明、黎明和傍晚斑斓的色彩。/U U男人也好，女人也罢，谁要是冒险跑到人类泡沫世界的外面，一季复一季一年复一年地去关注某一景致，终会成为那方土地的真正居民，并通过身体的每一个触觉把景致采集起来，牢记在心中、在脑海。/U)解析：解析 to concentrate his mind upon the
27、 remembered earth：如何理解“the remembered earth”呢?就是指他所生活过的地方，很熟悉，难以忘怀的地方。故译为“应该有集中精力思考那些能够唤起记忆的土地的经历”。 give himself up to：联系上下文，不难得出结论，这里不表示“放弃”，而表示“沉溺于”、“忘情于”的意思。 to dwell upon it：“老是想着(某事)”，“老是惦念着(某事)”。此处应该取褒义。collect the glare of noon and all the colors of the dawn and dusk：“glare”指炫目的光、耀眼的光；“colors
28、”指光谱中的各种色彩。故增译为“应该采集正午炫目的光明、黎明和傍晚斑斓的色彩”。 taking it in through every doorway of the body, bearing it steadily in heart and mind：“doorway of the body”直译为“身体的门道”。但何为“身体的门道”?这是一个隐喻，实指“感官通道”，更通俗地讲就是“触觉”。2.On the 14th of March, at a quarter to three in the afternoon, the greatest living thinker ceased to
29、think. He had been left alone for scarcely two minutes, and when we came back we found him in his armchair, peacefully gone to sleepbut forever. An immeasurable loss has been sustained both by the militant proletariat of Europe and America, and by historical science, in the death of this man. The ga
30、p that has been left by the departure of this mighty spirit will soon enough make itself felt. Just as Darwin discovered that the law of development of organic nature, so Marx discovered the law of development of human history: the simple fact, hitherto concealed by an overgrowth of ideology, that m
31、ankind must first of all eat, drink, have shelter and clothing, before it can pursue politics, science, art, religion, etc.; that therefore the production of the immediate material means of subsistence and consequently the degree of economic development attained by a given people or during a given e
32、poch form the foundation upon which the state institutions, the legal conceptions, art, and even the ideas on religion, of the people concerned have been evolved, and in the light of which they must, therefore, be explained, instead of vice versa, as had hitherto been the case.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(3月14日
33、下午2点45分，当代最伟大的思想家停止了思想。让他单独留在屋里只有两分钟，可当我们再次进屋时，发现他已在扶手椅上安然入睡但却长眠不醒了。 这位伟人的去世使富于战斗精神的欧美无产阶级和历史科学研究都蒙受了不可估量的损失。人们很快就会感觉到因他的去世而留下的空白。 正如达尔文发现生物界的进化规律一样，马克思发现了人类历史的发展规律，即那个一直被意识形态之滋蔓所掩盖的简单事实：人类首先得果腹、蔽体、安居，然后才能从事政治、科学、艺术及宗教等活动。所以，直接的物质生活资料生产以及随之而形成的某个民族或某个时期的经济发展程度便构成一定的基础，而该民族的国家制度、法律思想、艺术活动以至宗教观念都在这个基础
34、上发展，因此也必须根据这个基础来解释，而不是像此前那样本末倒置。)解析：解析 He had been left alone for scarcely two minutes.：原文的意思是，“让他个人留在房里还不到两分钟”，但语言表达过于直白，建议翻译为：“让他单独留在屋里只有两分钟。” An immeasurable loss has been sustained.in the death of this man：“sustain”在此处的意思是“undergo (sth)；suffer(经受，遭受)”。比如，“sustain a defeat, an injury, a loss(遭受失败
35、、伤害、损失)”。又如，“He sustained a severe blow on the head.(他头部受到重击。)。”翻译“militant proletariat”时，需要增词，可译为“富于战斗精神的无产阶级”。故整句译为：“这位伟人的去世使富于战斗精神的欧美无产阶级和历史科学研究都蒙受了不可估量的损失。” hitherto：副词，意思是“until now”，即“迄今；至今”。 .mankind must first of all eat, drink, have shelter and clothing, before it can pursue politics, scien
36、ce, art, religion, etc.：原文不难看懂，但要注意风格的对等。如果译为“人类首先得吃、喝、住、穿，然后才能从事政治、科学、艺术及宗教等等”，显得译文过于平淡。建议使用比较书面的语言，译为“人类首先得果腹、蔽体、安居，然后才能从事政治、科学、艺术及宗教等活动”。3.Until recently daydreaming was generally considered either a waste of time or a symptom of neurotic tendencies, and habitual daydreaming was regarded as evide
37、nce of maladjustment or an escape from lifes realities and responsibilities. It was believed that habitual daydreaming would eventually distance people from society and reduce their effectiveness in coping with real problems. At its best, daydreaming was considered a compensatory substitute for the
38、real things in life. As with anything carried to excess, daydreaming can be harmful. There are always those who would substitute fantasy lives for the rewards of real activity. But such extremes are relatively rare, and there is a growing body of evidence to support the fact that most people suffer
39、from a lack of daydreaming rather than an excess of it. We are now beginning to learn how valuable it really is and that when individuals are completely prevented from daydreaming, their emotional balance can be disturbed. Not only are they less able to deal with the pressures of day-to-day existenc
40、e, but also their self-control and self-direction become endangered. Recent research indicates that daydreaming is part of daily life and that a certain amount each day is essential for maintaining equilibrium. Daydreaming, science has discovered, is an effective relaxation technique. But its benefi
41、cial effects go beyond this. Experiments show that daydreaming significantly contributes to intellectual growth, powers of concentration, and the ability to interact and communicate with others.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(直到最近白日做梦通常被认为不是浪费时间就是要患精神病的征兆。习惯性白日做梦被看作是精神失调的证据或是对现实生活和责任的逃避。人们相信，习惯性白日做梦会使人远离社会，降低其处理现实
42、问题的效率。最好的情况来讲，白日做梦被认为是代替生活现实的补偿品。 任何事情做得过分都可能有害，白日做梦也是一样。总有那么一些人，他们用想入非非的生活来代替实际活动得到的好处。但是这一类极端的情况极为罕见，愈来愈多的资料都能证明这样一种看法：大多数人的白日梦做的太少了，而不是太多了。现在我们才开始了解到它确实是多么有价值。当一个人被禁止做白日梦时，他们的感情平衡就能够被搅乱。不仅使他们更难以对付日常的生活压力，而且他们的自我控制和自我定向也变得岌岌可危。 最近的研究表明，白日做梦是日常生活的一部分，每天做一定数量的白日梦对保持平衡是必不可少的。科学已经发现，白日梦是一种有效的消遣技巧。但它的有
43、利影响不只这一点。实验表明，白日梦特别有助于智力的发展，有助于全神贯注的能力和与人交往、交流的能力。)解析：解析 a symptom of neurotic tendencies：“neurotic tendencies”原意是“神经质的趋势”，这里则译为“患精神病的征兆”，因为中文里，患病一般搭配“有的征兆”而非“有的趋势”。 habitual daydreaming：“habitual”(习惯的，惯常的)，词组译为“习惯性白日做梦”。 maladjustment：“失调，适应不良”。“mal-”这个前缀的意思是“badly, ill”。 distance.from.：使疏远，使产生距离。
44、at its best：等同于“at best”，意思是“充其量，至多”。 a compensatory substitute for the real things in life：“compensatory”(补偿的，补充的)，“substitute for”(替代)，全句原意是“对现实生活的替代性补偿”，语句不通畅也不符合中文表达，因此将之稍加修改为“代替生活现实的补偿品”。 As with anything carried to excess, daydreaming can be harmful.：“as with”(正如，与一样)，“to excess”(过分，过多)，“carri
45、ed”修饰“anything”，句子原意是“正如任何事做的过多一样，白日做梦可能会有害”，但语句并不通畅，所以我们调整句子结构译为“任何事情做得过分都可能有害，白日做梦也是一样。” fantasy lives：虚幻的生活，想入非非的生活。 the rewards of real activity：“real activity”和前文的“fantasy lives”相对应，即“实际活动”，“rewards”原指“回报，奖励”，这里则处理为：“好处”。词组译为“实际活动得到的好处”。 a growing body of evidence：a (large) body of意思是“大量、大批、大块、
46、大片”， a growing body of相当于mote and more(越来越多)，词组译为“越来越多的证据(资料)”。 a lack of：与后文的“an excess of”相对应，前者的意思是“的缺少”，后者则是“的过多”。 day-to-day existence：相当于“daily life”，即“日常生活”。 self-direction：自我定向。 equilibrium：均衡，平衡。 relaxation technique：“relaxation”(放松，消遣)，词组译为“消遣技巧”。 go beyond：超过，超越。 intellectual growth：智力的发展。4.Today I have read the Tempest.Among the many reasons which make me glad to have been born in England, and one of the first is that I read Shakespeare in my mother tongue. If I try to imagine myself as one who cannot know him face to face, who hears
