1、专业英语八级翻译-英译汉(五)及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、BTRANSLATION/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BENGLISH TO CHIN(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.Michel-Guillaume de Crevecoeur (1735-1813) was born in France and came to the American colonies as a military in the French army. He became a naturalized American and settled down to farming
2、. Between 1765 and 1780 he wrote on American life. He returned to France in 1780, came back to America in 1783, and became French consul in New York. In 1790 he went back to France where he lived the rest of his life.UI wish I could be acquainted with the feelings and thought which must agitate the
3、heart and present themselves to the mind of an enlightened Englishman, when he first lands on this continent. He must greatly rejoice, that he lived at a time to see this fair country discovered and settled; he must necessarily feel a share of national pride, when he views the chain of settlements w
4、hich embellishes these extended shore. When he says to himself, this is the work of my countrymen who when convulsed by factions, afflicted by a variety of miseries and wants, restless and impatient, took refuge here. They brought along with them their national genius, to which they principally owe
5、what liberty they enjoy, and what substance they possess. Here he sees the industry of his native country, displayed in a new manner, and traces in their works the embryos of all the arts, sciences, and ingenuity which flourish in Europe/U. Here he beholds fair cities, substantial villages, extensiv
6、e fields, an immense country filled with decent houses, good roads, orchards, meadows, and bridges, where a hundred years ago all was wild, woody, and uncultivated!（分数：20.00）_2.In Massachusetts, the state corrections commissioner has asked district attorneys to slow down their prosecutions because p
7、rison overcrowding has created a serious situation. In Illinois, some 600 inmates will be released early from state prisons because there is simply no room for them. UIn Idaho, 400 inmates at Idaho State Penitentiary went on a rampage last week demanding, among other things, more opportunities for v
8、ocational training. These are all-too-familiar reminders this summer that greater public attention needs to be given to resolving the persistent problems confronting Americas outmoded, overcrowded, and violence-prone penal institutions./U UThe number of prisoners held by federal and state correction
9、s authorities continues to grow. With the highest incarceration rate of any Western nation (except for South Africa), the US increased its prison population to 314,083 in 1979, a record high for the fifth consecutive year. This is largely the result of new laws with mandatory sentences for drug-rela
10、ted and certain other offenses as well as the recent trend toward imposition of longer sentences./U UYet, these grim figures are forcing something to be done. There are encouraging signs that because of prison overcrowding a number of states are seeking out innovative alternatives to the traditional
11、 walled-in fortresslike prisons from which many offenders, far from being rehabilitated, have emerged better schooled in the ways of crime than in how to become responsible members of society./U（分数：20.00）_3.Should it be alleged in defence of national prejudice, that it is the natural and necessary g
12、rowth of love to our country, and that therefore the former cannot be destroyed without hurting the latter, I answer, that this is a gross fallacy and delusion. That it is the growth of love to our country, I will allow; but that it is the natural and necessary growth of it, I absolutely deny. Super
13、stition and enthusiasm too are the growth of religion; but who ever took it in his head to affirm that they are the necessary growth of this noble principle? They are, if you will, the bastard sprouts of this heavenly plant, but not its natural and genuine branches, and may safely enough be lopped o
14、ff, without doing any harm to the parent stock: nay, perhaps, till once they are lopped off, this goodly tree can never flourish in perfect health and vigour. Is it not very possible that I may love my own country, without hating the natives of other countries? That I may exert the most heroic brave
15、ry, the most undaunted resolution, in defending its laws and liberty, without despising all the rest of the world as cowards and poltroons?（分数：20.00）_4.Whether work should be placed among the causes of happiness or among the causes of unhappiness may perhaps be regarded as a doubtful question. There
16、 is certainly much work which is exceedingly irksome, and an excess of work is always very painful. UI think, however, that provided work is not excessive in amount, even the dullest work is to most people less painful than idleness. There are in work all grades, from mere relief of tedium up to the
17、 profoundest delights, according to the nature of the work and the abilities of the worker. Most of the work that most people have to do is not in itself interesting, but even such work has certain great advantages. To begin with, it fills a good many hours of the day without the need of deciding wh
18、at one shall do. Most people, when they are left free to fill their own time according to their own choice, are at a loss to think of anything sufficiently pleasant to be worth doing. And whatever they decide on, they are troubled by the feeling that something else would have been pleasanter. To be
19、able to fill leisure intelligently is the last product of civilization, and at present very few people have reached this level/U. Moreover the exercise of choice is in itself tiresome. Except to people with unusual initiative it is positively agreeable to be told what to do at each hour of the day,
20、provided the orders are not too unpleasant. Most of the idle rich suffer unspeakable boredom as the price of their freedom from drudgery. At times, they may find relief by hunting big game in Africa, or by flying round the world, but the number of such sensations is limited, especially after youth i
21、s past. Accordingly the more intelligent rich men work nearly as hard as if they were poor, while rich women for the most part keep themselves busy with innumerable trifles of whose earth-shaking importance they are firmly persuaded.（分数：20.00）_5.We may say that religion, as distinguished from modern
22、 paganism, implies a life in conformity with nature. UIt may be observed that the natural life and the supernatural life have a conformity to each other which neither has with the mechanistic life: but so far has our notion of what is natural become distorted, that people who consider it unnatural a
23、nd therefore repugnant, that a person of either sex should elect a life of celibacy, consider it perfectly natural that families should be limited to one or two children. It would perhaps be more natural, as well as in better conformity with the Will of God, if there were more celibates and if those
24、 who were married had larger families. But I am thinking of conformity to nature in a wider sense than this. We are being made aware that the organization of society on the principle of private profit, as well as public destruction, is leading both to the deformation of humanity by unregulated indus
25、trialism, and to the exhaustion of natural resources, and that a good deal of our material progress is a progress for which succeeding generations may have to pay dearly/U. I need only mention, as an instance now very much before the public eye, the results of soil-erosionthe exploitation of the ear
26、th, on a vast scale for two generations, for commercial profit: immediate benefits leading to dearth and desert. I would not have it thought that I condemn a society because of its material ruin, for that would be to make its material success a sufficient test of its excellence.（分数：20.00）_专业英语八级翻译-英
27、译汉(五)答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、BTRANSLATION/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BENGLISH TO CHIN(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.Michel-Guillaume de Crevecoeur (1735-1813) was born in France and came to the American colonies as a military in the French army. He became a naturalized American and settled down to farming. Between 1
28、765 and 1780 he wrote on American life. He returned to France in 1780, came back to America in 1783, and became French consul in New York. In 1790 he went back to France where he lived the rest of his life.UI wish I could be acquainted with the feelings and thought which must agitate the heart and p
29、resent themselves to the mind of an enlightened Englishman, when he first lands on this continent. He must greatly rejoice, that he lived at a time to see this fair country discovered and settled; he must necessarily feel a share of national pride, when he views the chain of settlements which embell
30、ishes these extended shore. When he says to himself, this is the work of my countrymen who when convulsed by factions, afflicted by a variety of miseries and wants, restless and impatient, took refuge here. They brought along with them their national genius, to which they principally owe what libert
31、y they enjoy, and what substance they possess. Here he sees the industry of his native country, displayed in a new manner, and traces in their works the embryos of all the arts, sciences, and ingenuity which flourish in Europe/U. Here he beholds fair cities, substantial villages, extensive fields, a
32、n immense country filled with decent houses, good roads, orchards, meadows, and bridges, where a hundred years ago all was wild, woody, and uncultivated!（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(米居奎维古尔(17341831)生于法国，随法军进入北美殖民地，取得美国国籍后定居务农，17651780年间执笔评论美国人的生活。1780年回法国，1783年又到美国，并成为法国驻纽约领事，1790年回法国度过晚年。 U但愿我曾经体验过那样一种情感与思绪，那种
33、必定让初次登上北美大陆的英国开明人士心潮澎湃，浮想联翩的情感与思绪。他一定欣喜若狂，庆幸自己有生之年能亲眼看到人们发现这块美丽的国土并在此定居下来。当他看到连绵不断的人群来到这里，用一座座居所使这漫长的海岸线锦上添花的时候，他怎能不享有一份民族骄傲感呢!他自然会想到，这些杰作都出自我的同胞之手，他们为教派迫害而震惊，受尽了苦难和贫穷，是在焦躁不安的情况下来这里避难的。他们带来了民族天赋，所以才会享受现在的自由，才会拥有现在的财产。在这里，可以看到故国的勤劳展现了新的姿态，在其杰作中可以找到那些盛行于欧洲的所有的艺术、科学和创造的萌芽/U。在这里，他看到了美丽的城镇、富饶的村庄、广阔的田野，看到
34、了一片广阔无边的国土，其间有典雅的建筑、通达的道路，有果园、草地，桥梁；而这里在100年前还是一片荒蛮，草木丛生，不见农田!)解析：解析 came to the American colonies as a military in the French army：译为“随法军进入北美殖民地”，主要是为了追求中文的简清明快感。如译为“作为法军军人来到北美殖民地”，则显得死板，因为原文后续话语都是用重心后置的方式突出说明作者的经历，语序上是互相照应的。 He became a naturalized American and settled down to farming：“and”译为逗号是因为
35、汉语首先通过意合手段连接子句和不同的句子成分，“and”一词在中文中作为连接词并无必要。而句号变逗号是因为汉语逗号句号界限不明和语篇主题一贯到底的需要。wrote on American life：汉语注重动态的、形象的语言表达法，在动词的具体性和生动性上要求比英文苛刻，而且又有强调双音词和四音词的习惯。因此，译为“执笔评论美国人的生活”。 He returned to.in New York：汉语虽然不注重语言表层的形式衔接，但却强调语气的关联和主题的统一，因此，译文中加入了“又”和“并”两个虚词。 which：“which”在中国的意合语言中是没有必要的，在译文中只能理解为停顿，加上逗号和
36、“那种”是话语衔接自然并以解释的形式对前文继续发展。 an enlightened Englishman：英国开明人士。 He must greatly rejoice, that：“rejoice”是具有重要意义的关键词，用汉语思维来理解该词具有所谓“承上启下”的语篇功能，所以分译为两个密切关联的词“他一定欣喜若狂，庆幸”，从而使汉语更有一气呵成之感。 he lived at a time：如译成“生活在一段特定的时间”，对任何生物来说都是必然的，无须说明或强调；语义上重要的是生活在什么样的年代，因此，将这一成分译为“有生之年”。 see this fair country discover
37、ed and settled：体现了英文措辞的两种倾向：一是由被动意义所表示的物化或客观倾向；二是表面上强调行为的静态结果而不是动态过程，从而造成了“制动于静”、“以静表动”的语言思维倾向。而中文的思维习惯是以人为本，动态描述。因此，译为“人们发现这块美丽的国土并在这里定居下来”。 necessarily：原文中“necessarily”一词包含的语气十分强烈，汉译为反问句更能充分地体现该词的强调语气。汉语加强语言动态的方法并不只限于强调使用动词和动词性成分，从句式上来讲，否定和反问也是常用的手法。 settlements：“settlement”是由动词衍生出来的名词，本来应该是对行为过程的
38、概括，这种词本来无所谓复数形式；如果加上复数标记则使意义转向具体化，反过来指客观存在，即“居所”。 which embellishes these extended shore：语法成分上虽是定语，但语义上表示“居所”的作用，可以顺译为“使这漫长的海岸线锦上添花”。 he says to himself：究竟是如何对自己说呢?是不是说出口?这是问题，但并不重要，重要的是心里有想法，因此，译为“自然会想到”。 this is the work of my countrymen：译为“这些都出自我的同胞之手”，是为了加强汉语的动态意义。如果译为判断句“这些都是我的同胞们的杰作”，语气上就不会有这样
39、的力度。 convulse：(usu. in passive) cause violent movements or disturbances(使剧烈震动；使骚动不安)。“convulsed by factions”：为教派迫害而震惊。 industry：究竟译为“工业”还是“勤劳”?后者比较抽象，如果原作者想强调前者，估计应该用复数形式才能更加具体明确。从社会文化史看，今天所谓的“工业”和几百年前已有显著差异。这对于基本上还处于拓荒阶段的美国早期历史似乎并不合适。 filled with：采取顺译法翻译，保留了原文话语的自然连贯。 uncultivated：译为“不见农田”，符合英译汉过程从
40、客观到主观视角切换和从静到动的基本思维定势。2.In Massachusetts, the state corrections commissioner has asked district attorneys to slow down their prosecutions because prison overcrowding has created a serious situation. In Illinois, some 600 inmates will be released early from state prisons because there is simply no ro
41、om for them. UIn Idaho, 400 inmates at Idaho State Penitentiary went on a rampage last week demanding, among other things, more opportunities for vocational training. These are all-too-familiar reminders this summer that greater public attention needs to be given to resolving the persistent problems
42、 confronting Americas outmoded, overcrowded, and violence-prone penal institutions./U UThe number of prisoners held by federal and state corrections authorities continues to grow. With the highest incarceration rate of any Western nation (except for South Africa), the US increased its prison populat
43、ion to 314,083 in 1979, a record high for the fifth consecutive year. This is largely the result of new laws with mandatory sentences for drug-related and certain other offenses as well as the recent trend toward imposition of longer sentences./U UYet, these grim figures are forcing something to be
44、done. There are encouraging signs that because of prison overcrowding a number of states are seeking out innovative alternatives to the traditional walled-in fortresslike prisons from which many offenders, far from being rehabilitated, have emerged better schooled in the ways of crime than in how to
45、 become responsible members of society./U（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(马萨诸塞州监狱局局长要求地方检察官放慢起诉进度，因为监狱人满为患，已经成为“严重问题”。在伊利诺伊州，大约有600名犯人要提前从州监狱中释放，因为该州监狱根本容纳不了这些犯人。U上周，爱达荷州监狱有400名犯人群起闹事。在他们提出的各项要求中，有一项是要求让他们有更多机会接受职业训练。人们所十分熟悉的这些事情都发生在今年夏天。这些事件提醒公众要更加注意解决美国惩戒体制所面临的一些迁延已久的问题设备陈旧过时，狱中拥挤不堪，暴力频频发生。/U U联邦和各州监狱关押的犯人数目一直在不断
46、地增加。除南非外，在西方国家中，美国的在押犯人比率最高。1979年，美国在押犯人数增加到314,083人。这样空前高的数字已经持续了5年之久。这主要是实施新的法律的结果，即对有关毒品的犯罪行为和某些别的犯罪行为必须判刑，同时近来趋势是对罪犯实施更长的刑期。/U U不过，这些严峻的数字正在迫使人们采取措施。现在已经有一些令人鼓舞的迹象，说明由于监狱过分拥挤有一些州正在设法采用革新的办法，来取代高墙耸立、壁垒森严的传统监狱。在这样的传统监狱里，许多犯人根本没有改造成为新人。他们学会了更多的犯罪方法，而没有改造成为有责任感的社会成员。/U)解析：解析 the state corrections co
47、mmissioner：州监狱局局长。 district attorneys：与后文“prosecution”(检察官提起的控诉)相呼应，故应译为“地方检察官”。 inmate：a resident of a dwelling that houses a number of occupants, especially a person confined to an institution, such as a prison or hospital.根据语境，不难得出此处特指犯人。 Idaho State Penitentiary：爱达荷州监狱。 went on a rampage：固定搭配“go on the rampage”表示“狂暴；暴跳如雷”，文中“go on a rampage”实指犯人寻衅滋事，提出更多的
