1、专业英语八级翻译-英译汉(四)及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、BTRANSLATION/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BENGLISH TO CHIN(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.Prose of its very nature is longer than verse, and the virtues peculiar to it manifest themselves gradually. If the cardinal virtue of poetry is love, the cardinal virtue of prose is justice
2、; and, whereas love makes you act and speak on the spur of the moment, justice needs inquiry, patience, and a control even of the noblest passions. By justice here I do not mean justice only to particular people or ideas, but a habit of justice in all the processes of thought, a style tranquilized a
3、nd a form moulded by that habit. The master of prose is not cold, but he will not let any word or image inflame him with a heat irrelevant to his purpose. Unhasting, unresting, he pursues it, subduing all the riches of his mind to it, rejecting all beauties that are not germane to it; making his own
4、 beauty out of the very accomplishment of it, out of the whole work and its proportions, so that you must read to the end before you know that it is beautiful. But he has his reward, for he is trusted and convinces, as those who are at the mercy of their own eloquence do not; and he gives a pleasure
5、 all the greater for being hardly noticed. In the best prose, whether narrative or argument, we are so led on as we read, that we do not stop to applaud the writer, nor do we stop to question him.（分数：20.00）_2.Let me come to the point boldly; what governs the Englishman is his inner atmosphere, the w
6、eather in his soul. It is nothing particularly spiritual or mysterious. When he has taken his exercise and is drinking his tea or his beer and lighting his pipe; when, in his garden or by his fire, he sprawls in an aggressively comfortable chair; when well-washed and well-brushed, he resolutely turn
7、s in church to the east and recites the Creed (with genuftexions, if he likes genuflexions) without in the least implying that he believes one word of it; when he hears or sings the most crudely sentimental and thinnest of popular songs, unmoved but not disguised; when he makes up his mind who is hi
8、s best friend or his favorite poet; when he adopts a party or a sweetheart; when he is hunting or shooting or boating, or striding through the fields; when he is choosing his clothes or his professionnever is it a precise reason, or purpose, or outer fact that determines him; it is always the atmosp
9、here of his inner man.（分数：20.00）_3.Every week, every employed man and woman in Britain has to pay the State a certain sum of money as a compulsory contribution for National Insurance and National Health, in return for which the State provides certain allowances and services, e.g. in times of sicknes
10、s or unemployment. The contribution is deducted from salary by the employer, who normally holds a card for each of his employees on which he has to stick National Insurance Stamps bought from the Post Office. These stamps actually cost considerably more than the amount paid by the employee; the empl
11、oyer has to pay the rest. Self-employed persons buy their own stamps at special rates. It should be noted that everyone has to pay these contributions, whether or not he has occasion to use the benefits he is entitled to. It is thus quite possible for one person, a healthy bachelor for example, to p
12、ay in more than he eventually gets out in the form of benefits; while another person, such as a sickly husband with a large family, may get out much more than he pays in. This sharing of risks is the essential feature of insurance. The advantage of insurance to everybody, healthy bachelor and sickly
13、 husband alike, is protection and security.（分数：20.00）_4.This ignorance, however, is not altogether miserable. Out of it we get the constant pleasure of discovery. Every fact of nature comes to us each spring, if only we are sufficiently ignorant, with the dew still on it. UIf we have lived half a li
14、fetime without having ever seen a cuckoo, and know it only as a wandering voice, we are all the more delighted at the spectacle of its runaway flight as it hurries from wood to wood conscious of its crimes and at the way in which it halts hawk-like in the wind, its long tail quivering, before it dar
15、es descend on a hill-side of fir-trees where avenging presences may lurk. It would be absurd to pretend that the naturalist does not also find pleasure in observing the life of the birds, but his is a steady pleasure, almost a sober and plodding occupation, compared to the morning enthusiasm of the
16、man who sees a cuckoo for the first time, and, behold, the world is made new./U UAnd, as to that, the happiness even of the naturalist depends in some measure upon his ignorance, which still leaves him new worlds of this kind to conquer. He may have reached the very Z of knowledge in the books, but
17、he still feels half ignorant until he has confirmed each bright particular with his eyes/U.（分数：20.00）_5.We see New York, and sometimes, as Henry James asked us to, we do itexplore and conquer itbut what we see when we see it is so far unlike what we experience when were doing it that the difference
18、itself can become a subject for art. The city sneaks up on us in pictures, and we are startled to see what it looks like even when what it looks like is just us, doing what we really do. We respond to truthful depictions of New York with the same surprise that we feel when we hear a recording of our
19、 own voice. This surprise is one of the subjects of the extraordinary, lostor, actually, never found in the first placeAmerican photographer Jerry Shore. Shore did New York, was done by it, and then became a kind of artist-martyr to the act of seeing it. In the last decade of his life, Shore, after
20、twenty years as one of the leading short-form commercial directors of his time, fell down a well of alcohol and isolation.（分数：20.00）_专业英语八级翻译-英译汉(四)答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、BTRANSLATION/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BENGLISH TO CHIN(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.Prose of its very nature is longer than verse, and the vir
21、tues peculiar to it manifest themselves gradually. If the cardinal virtue of poetry is love, the cardinal virtue of prose is justice; and, whereas love makes you act and speak on the spur of the moment, justice needs inquiry, patience, and a control even of the noblest passions. By justice here I do
22、 not mean justice only to particular people or ideas, but a habit of justice in all the processes of thought, a style tranquilized and a form moulded by that habit. The master of prose is not cold, but he will not let any word or image inflame him with a heat irrelevant to his purpose. Unhasting, un
23、resting, he pursues it, subduing all the riches of his mind to it, rejecting all beauties that are not germane to it; making his own beauty out of the very accomplishment of it, out of the whole work and its proportions, so that you must read to the end before you know that it is beautiful. But he h
24、as his reward, for he is trusted and convinces, as those who are at the mercy of their own eloquence do not; and he gives a pleasure all the greater for being hardly noticed. In the best prose, whether narrative or argument, we are so led on as we read, that we do not stop to applaud the writer, nor
25、 do we stop to question him.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(散文，就其本质而言，比韵文篇幅长，而且，其特有的品质是逐渐展现出来的。如果说诗最重要的品质是爱，散文最重要的品质是合理；并且，尽管“爱”使你因一时冲动而行动、而抒发，“合理”则需要调查，需要耐心，需要控制即使是最崇高的激情。关于合理，我不是指只针对具体人或具体思想的合理，而是指在思想的全过程中的一种合理的习惯，一种由此习惯所形成的沉稳的文风和由此习惯所造就的形式。散文大师并不冷漠，但他也不允许那些满含激情，但又与他的初衷毫不相干的词语或形象来激发他的感情。他不慌不忙、永不停止地追求着，克制着脑子里丰富的思
26、想活动，摒弃所有与之无关的美，从完成的作品之中，从作品的整体和各部分之间和谐的关系里，去创造自己的美。因此，你必须把作品读完，才能知道它是美的。可是，他享有自己的报偿，因为他取得人们的信任，他令人信服，正像那些单靠显弄雄辩的人们得不到这一报偿，道理是一样的。而且，他不露声色，这反而能给人更大的愉悦。我们在阅读最好的散文时，无论是叙事的还是说理的，是在情不自禁地一直读下去，而不会停下来向作者欢呼，也不会停下来向作者发问。)解析：解析 the cardinal virtue of prose is justice：“justice”指“真实、合理地反映思想、感情和事物”。 .justice nee
27、ds inquiry, patience, and a control even of the noblest passions：英文中，“needs”带3个并列的宾语(inquiry, patience, and a control.)，“needs”无须重复，但译成汉语时，这个动词需要重复，造成强烈的语势。 By justice：介词短语起连接作用，如何翻译才能起到好的连接作用是一个需要考生仔细思考的问题。建议译为“关于合理”。 But he has his reward, for he is trusted and convinces, as those who are at the m
28、ercy of their own eloquence do not.：处理从句时需要斟酌，“do not”是英语中的省略现象，实指“do not have their own rewards”，通过分析上下文，翻译时需要将省略的部分补出。2.Let me come to the point boldly; what governs the Englishman is his inner atmosphere, the weather in his soul. It is nothing particularly spiritual or mysterious. When he has tak
29、en his exercise and is drinking his tea or his beer and lighting his pipe; when, in his garden or by his fire, he sprawls in an aggressively comfortable chair; when well-washed and well-brushed, he resolutely turns in church to the east and recites the Creed (with genuftexions, if he likes genuflexi
30、ons) without in the least implying that he believes one word of it; when he hears or sings the most crudely sentimental and thinnest of popular songs, unmoved but not disguised; when he makes up his mind who is his best friend or his favorite poet; when he adopts a party or a sweetheart; when he is
31、hunting or shooting or boating, or striding through the fields; when he is choosing his clothes or his professionnever is it a precise reason, or purpose, or outer fact that determines him; it is always the atmosphere of his inner man.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(让我直接进入正题吧：左右英国人的是他内在的情调，灵魂的气象。这决不是什么精神层面的或神秘的东西。
32、设想在他运动之余品茶或喝酒，并且点着烟斗；或在花园里或壁炉旁懒洋洋地躺在舒适的安乐椅上；或在他精心梳洗之后，在教堂里毅然面向东方背诵(跪诵，假如他喜欢跪诵)信经，但这绝不意味着他相信其中的任一字句；或在他听着或哼着最低俗感伤、最浅薄的流行歌曲，虽未被感动但也并不讨厌；或在他确定谁是他最好的朋友或最喜爱的诗人；或在他选择一个群体或一个恋人；或在他打猎、射击、划船或大步走过田野；或在他挑选服装或选择职业在他做着这一切的时候，并不是因为某一确定的理由，或目的，或外界的事物，而是他内在的情调在决定着他的取向。)解析：解析 .his inner atmosphere, the weather in hi
33、s soul：作者借助英国人对于天气的偏好，用“weather(天气)”和“atmosphere(气候)”与“soul(灵魂)”和“inner(内在自我)”搭配，成为全篇比喻的基调，即“内在的情调”和“灵魂的气象”。 .well-washed and well-brushed：词汇层面上，原文采用文学语言的地方，译文也应该尽量采用文学语言。原文使用了并列结构，译文可以充分发挥四字格的作用，译为“精心梳洗”。 .when he hears or sings the most crudely sentimental and thinnest of popular songs.：“crudely s
34、entimental”符合英语语法，即副词修饰形容词，但英译汉时，要深入理解原文，语义上两者是并列关系，“低俗、感伤”。可译为“在他听着或哼着最低俗感伤、最浅薄的流行歌曲”。 .when he adopts a party or a sweetheart.：“party”与“sweetheart”放在一起，显然不表示派对，而表示一群人，“sweetheart”是用来称呼恋人的，可译为“或在他选择一个群体或一个恋人”。3.Every week, every employed man and woman in Britain has to pay the State a certain sum o
35、f money as a compulsory contribution for National Insurance and National Health, in return for which the State provides certain allowances and services, e.g. in times of sickness or unemployment. The contribution is deducted from salary by the employer, who normally holds a card for each of his empl
36、oyees on which he has to stick National Insurance Stamps bought from the Post Office. These stamps actually cost considerably more than the amount paid by the employee; the employer has to pay the rest. Self-employed persons buy their own stamps at special rates. It should be noted that everyone has
37、 to pay these contributions, whether or not he has occasion to use the benefits he is entitled to. It is thus quite possible for one person, a healthy bachelor for example, to pay in more than he eventually gets out in the form of benefits; while another person, such as a sickly husband with a large
38、 family, may get out much more than he pays in. This sharing of risks is the essential feature of insurance. The advantage of insurance to everybody, healthy bachelor and sickly husband alike, is protection and security.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(在英国，每一个受雇佣的人每个星期都要向国家交纳一笔钱，作为国民保险和国民保健费，而国家则提供某些补贴和服务(如在生病或失业期间
39、)作为回报。这笔钱由雇主从雇员工资中扣除。每个雇员有一张卡片，通常掌握在雇主手里，雇主从邮局买来国民保险印花，贴在各人的卡片上。这些印花金额远远超过雇员实际支付的钱数，其超出部分由雇主支付。个体户按特别税率购买印花。 应该指出的是，每一个人都必须交纳上述税项，不论是否有机会从政府那里得到他应得的回报。这样，有的人，比如身体健康的单身汉，他所交纳的税有可能超出他最终的受益；而另外的人，比如体弱多病且家庭人口又多的丈夫，他的受益则比他所交纳的钱要多得多。保险的主要特点就是分担风险。保险能给每个人，不论是身强力壮的单身汉还是体弱多病的丈夫，提供保护和安全。)解析：解析 contribution：文章
40、主要讲述个人所得税制度，此处“contribution”指向国家缴纳税款，为国家做出贡献。后文反复提到“contribution”，可以将抽象名词具体化，翻译为“纳税”。 The contribution is deducted from salary.bought from the Post Office：考生首先要分析长句，理清各种关系，特别是从句与主句的关系，再重新组织语言，输出译文。此句的意思是：雇主从雇员的工资中扣除这笔钱。雇主为每位雇员拿着一张卡片。雇主从邮局购买国民保险印花，并将印花贴在每位雇员的卡片上。将语言稍作润色与调整，可译为：“这笔钱由雇主从雇员工资中扣除。每个雇员有一张
41、卡片，通常掌握在雇主手里，雇主从邮局买来国民保险印花，贴在各人的卡片上。” self-employed persons：自己雇佣自己的人，即个体户。 .whether or not he has occasion to use the benefits he is entitled to：“entitle”表示“给权利，给资格”，此句的意思是，不管你是不是有机会使用你有权获得的利益，可增词译为“不论是否有机会从政府那里得到他应得的回报”。 This sharing of risks is the essential feature of insurance：注意中英文的差异，中文是句尾聚焦，而
42、英文是句首聚焦。结合上下文，不难发现，作者要突出的是保险的基本特点，即分担风险。故译成汉语时，为了突出这一点，可调整语序，译为：“保险的主要特点就是分担风险”。4.This ignorance, however, is not altogether miserable. Out of it we get the constant pleasure of discovery. Every fact of nature comes to us each spring, if only we are sufficiently ignorant, with the dew still on it. U
43、If we have lived half a lifetime without having ever seen a cuckoo, and know it only as a wandering voice, we are all the more delighted at the spectacle of its runaway flight as it hurries from wood to wood conscious of its crimes and at the way in which it halts hawk-like in the wind, its long tai
44、l quivering, before it dares descend on a hill-side of fir-trees where avenging presences may lurk. It would be absurd to pretend that the naturalist does not also find pleasure in observing the life of the birds, but his is a steady pleasure, almost a sober and plodding occupation, compared to the
45、morning enthusiasm of the man who sees a cuckoo for the first time, and, behold, the world is made new./U UAnd, as to that, the happiness even of the naturalist depends in some measure upon his ignorance, which still leaves him new worlds of this kind to conquer. He may have reached the very Z of kn
46、owledge in the books, but he still feels half ignorant until he has confirmed each bright particular with his eyes/U.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(不过，这种无知也并非全然不幸，因为正是由于它，我们才能不断尝到发现的乐趣。只要我们是的的确确地无知，那么每年大地春回，自然界的每一种事物都会带着它那清新的露珠重新出现在我们面前。U如果我们活了半辈子，对于杜鹃除了听过它那飘忽不定的叫声，从来没有见过它是什么模样，那么，一旦看见它因为自己犯了罪而惶惶不安地从这个林子飞逃向那个林子，或是看见它顶着风、像老鹰似的停留在半空中，它那长长的尾巴颤动着，不敢落下来，生怕有什么鸟儿藏在那山坡上的枞树林罩等着要找它报仇。我们才会觉得大大开心。有人想着，博物学家整天观察鸟类，大概就不会觉得有什么趣儿了吧?其实大谬不然他那持续不断的乐趣几乎已经变成一种安详的职业习惯了吧，不像有人某天早晨突然第一次看见一只杜鹃，不胜雀跃之至，于是，看哪，天地也为之焕然一新了。/U U说到这儿，甚至连博物学家的快乐在一定程度上也有赖于自己的无知；只有如此，才能给
