1、中科院博士研究生入学考试英语真题 2011年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、PART VOCABULARY(15 (总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.My father was a nuclear engineer, a very academically _ Man with multiple degrees from prestigious institutions. （分数：0.50）A.promotedB.activatedC.orientedD.functioned2.Public _ for the usually low-budget, high-q
2、uality films has enabled the independent film industry to grow and thrive. （分数：0.50）A.appreciationB.recognitionC.gratitudeD.tolerance3.Dirty Jobs on the Discovery Channel, an unlikely television program, has become a surprising success with a _ fan base. （分数：0.50）A.contributedB.devotedC.reveredD.sca
3、red4.Pop culture doesnt _ to strict rules; it enjoys being jazzy, unpredictable, chaotic. （分数：0.50）A.adhereB.lendC.exposeD.commit5.Intellectual property is a kind of _ monopoly, which should be used properly or else would disrupt healthy competition order. （分数：0.50）A.legibleB.legendaryC.lenientD.leg
4、itimate6.I am thankful to the company for giving me such a chance, and I earnestly hope that I will _ everyones expectations. （分数：0.50）A.boil down toB.look forward toC.live up toD.catch on to7.The image of an unfortunate resident having to climb 20 flights of stairs because the lift is _ is now a co
5、mmon one. （分数：0.50）A.out of the wayB.on orderC.out of orderD.in no way8.My eyes had become _ to the now semi-darkness, so I could pick out shapes about seventy-five yards away. （分数：0.50）A.inclinedB.accustomedC.vulnerableD.sensitive9.Despite what Id been told about the local peoples attitude to stran
6、gers, _ did I encounter any rudeness. （分数：0.50）A.at no timeB.in no timeC.at any timeD.at some time10.In times of severe _ companies are often forced to make massive job cuts in order to survive. （分数：0.50）A.retreatB.retrospectC.reductionD.recession11.Sport was integral to the national and local press
7、, TV and, to a diminishing _ , to radio. （分数：0.50）A.extentB.scopeC.scaleD.range12.Unless your handwriting is _ , or the form specifically asks for typewriting, the form should be neatly handwritten. （分数：0.50）A.illegitimateB.illegalC.illegibleD.illiterate13.The profession fell into _ , with some phys
8、icists sticking to existing theories, while others came up with the big-bang theory. （分数：0.50）A.harmonyB.turmoilC.distortionD.accord14.With the purchasing power of many middle-class households _ behind the cost of living, there was an urgent demand for credit. （分数：0.50）A.leavingB.leveringC.lackingD.
9、lagging15.Frank stormed into the room and _ the door, but it wasnt that easy to close the door on what Jack had said. （分数：0.50）A.slashedB.slammedC.slippedD.slapped16.When I was having dinner with you and Edward at his apartment, I sensed a certain _ between the two of you. （分数：0.50）A.intimacyB.proxi
10、mityC.discrepancyD.diversity17.I decided to _ between Ralph and his brother, who were arguing endlessly. （分数：0.50）A.interfereB.interveneC.interruptD.interact18.“I mean Gildas and Ludens are both wise, reasonable and tactful; but naturally theyre _ , they want to know whats happening, and make judgme
11、nts on it all. ” （分数：0.50）A.indifferentB.innocentC.inquisitiveD.instinctive19.In Africa HIV and AIDS continue to _ the population; nearly 60 percent of those infected are women. （分数：0.50）A.alleviateB.boostC.captureD.ravage20.By the end of the Spring and Autumn Period slave society was _ disintegrati
12、on. （分数：0.50）A.on the ground ofB.on the top ofC.in the light ofD.on the verge of二、PART CLOZE TEST(1(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Tomorrow Japan and South Korea will celebrate White Day, an annual event when men are expected to buy a gift for the adored women in their lives. It is a relatively new _21_ that was co
13、mmercially created as payback for Valentines Day. Thats _22_ in both countries, 14 February is all about the man. On Valentines Day, women are expected to buy all the important male _23_ in their lives a token gift; not just their partners, _24_ their bosses or older relatives too. This seems _25_ e
14、nough. Surely its reasonable for men to be indulged on one day of the year, _26_ the number of times theyre expected to produce bouquets of flowers and _27_ their woman with perfume or pearls. But the idea of a woman _28_ a man didnt sit easily with people. In 1978, the National Confectionery Indust
15、ry Association(糖果业协会) _29_ an idea to solve this problem. They started to market white chocolate that men could give to women on 14 March, as _30_ for the male-oriented Valentines Day. It started with a handful of sweet-makers producing candy _31_ a simple gift idea. The day _32_ the public imaginat
16、ion, and is now a nationally _33_ date in the diary-and one where men are _34_ to whip out their credit cards. In fact, men are now expected to give gifts worth _35_ the value of those they received. What a complication: not only do men have to remember who bought them what, they have to estimate th
17、e value and multiply it by three. （分数：15.00）A.copyB.conceptC.choiceD.beliefA.becauseB.asC.soD.whyA.clientsB.friendsC.figuresD.colleaguesA.butB.andC.instead ofD.rather thanA.oddB.goodC.fairD.rareA.givenB.ifC.butD.thoughA.attractB.frustrateC.surpriseD.touchA.supportingB.spoilingC.comfortingD.foolingA.
18、came up withB.come out ofC.came up toD.came along withA.companionB.compromiseC.competenceD.compensationA.viaB.asC.withD.forA.capturedB.appealedC.favoredD.heldA.documentedB.recognizedC.illustratedD.scheduledA.volunteeredB.embarrassedC.sponsoredD.obligedA.tripleB.doubleC.fourfoldD.equal三、PART READING
19、COM(总题数：5，分数：30.00)Passage One At many colleges, smokers are being run not just out of school buildings but off the premises. On Nov. 19 , the University of Kentucky, the tobacco states flagship public institution, Launched a campus wide ban on cigarettes and all other forms of tobacco on school gro
20、unds and parking areas. Pro-nicotine students staged a “smoke-out”to protest the new policy, which even rules out smoking inside cars if theyre on school property. Kentucky joins more than 365 U. S. colleges and universities that in recent years have instituted antismoking rules both indoors and out
21、. In most places, the issue doesnt seem to be secondhand smoke. Rather, the rationale for going smoke-free in wide open spaces is a desire to model healthy behavior. Purdue University, which has 30-ft. buffer zones, recently considered adopting a campuswide ban but tempered its proposal after receiv
22、ing campus input. Smoking will now be restricted to limited outdoor areas. One big problem with a total ban is enforcing it. Take the University of Iowa. In July 2008, the school went smoke-free in accordance with the Iowa Smokefree Air Act, violations of which can result in a $50 fine. But so far,
23、the university has ticketed only about 25 offenders. “Our campus is about 1, 800 acres, so to think that we could keep track of who is smoking on campus at any given time isnt really feasible, ”says Joni Troester, director of the universitys campus wellness program. Instead, the school helps those t
24、rying to kick the habit by offering smoking-cessation programs and providing reimbursement for nicotine patches, gum and prescription medications like Zyban. The University of Michigan will probably take a similar approach when its ban takes effect in July 2011. “We dont have a desire to give ticket
25、s or levy punishments, ”says Robert Winfield, the schools chief health officer. “We want to encourage people to stop smoking, set a good example for students and make this a healthier community. ” Naturally, there has been pushback from students. “Where do we draw the line between a culture of healt
26、h and individual choice?”asks Jnathan Slemrod, a University of Michigan senior and president of the schools College Libertarians. “If they truly want a culture of health, I expect them to go through all our cafeterias and get rid of all our Taco Bells, all our pizza places. ”Students might want to e
27、njoy those Burrito Supremes while they can. In todays health-obsessed culture, those may be next. （分数：6.00）(1).We can infer that the “newness”of the antismoking policy at the University of Kentucky lies in _ . （分数：1.00）A.its extended scope of no-smoking placesB.its prohibition of cigarette sales on
28、campusC.its penalty for bringing tobacco to schoolD.its ban on smoke when people are driving(2).By setting the antismoking rules the University of Kentucky mainly aims for _ . （分数：1.00）A.protecting students against passive smokingB.modeling itself on many other universitiesC.promoting the students h
29、ealth awarenessD.punishing those who dare smoke on campus(3).One of the problems enforcing the ban on smoking at the University of Iows is _ . （分数：1.00）A.limiting the smoke-free areasB.tracing smokers on campusC.forcing smokers to give up smokingD.providing alternative ways for smokers(4).The word “
30、levy”(in Paragraph 5)most probably means _ .（分数：1.00）A.imposeB.avoidC.deserveD.receive(5).According to Jonathan Slemrod, Taco Bell is _ . （分数：1.00）A.a tobacco shopB.a school cafeteriaC.an organic food storeD.an unhealthy food chain(6).The authors tone in the essay is _ . （分数：1.00）A.radicalB.optimist
31、icC.objectiveD.criticalPassage Two The familiar sounds of an early English summer are with us once again. Millions of children sit down to SATs, GCSEs, AS-levels, A-levels and a host of lesser exams, and the argument over educational standards starts. Depending on whom you listen to, we should eithe
32、r be letting up on over-examined pupils by abolishing SATs, and even GCSEs, or else making exams far more rigorous. The chorus will reach a peak when GCSE and A-level results are published in August. If pass rates rise again, commentators will say that standards are falling because exams are getting
33、 easier. If pass rates drop, they will say that standards are falling because children are getting lower marks. Parents like myself try to ignore this and base our judgments on what our children are learning. But its not easy given how much education has changed since we were at school. Some trends
34、are encouraging-education has been made more relevant and enthuses many children that it would have previously bored. My sons A-level French revision involved listening to radio debates on current affairs, whereas mine involved rereading Moliere. And among their peers, a far greater proportion staye
35、d in education for longer. On the other hand, some aspects of schooling today are incomprehensible to my generation, such as gaps in general knowledge and the hand-holding that goes with ensuring that students leave with good grades. Even when we parents resist the temptation to help with GCSE or A-
36、level coursework, a teacher with the childs interests at heart may send a draft piece of work back several times with pointers to how it can be improved before the examiners see it. The debate about standards persists because there is no single objective answer to the question: “Are standards better
37、 or worse than they were a generation ago?”Each side points to indicators that favor them, in the knowledge that there is no authoritative definition, let alone a measure that has been consistently applied over the decades. But the annual soul-searching over exams is about more than student assessme
38、nt. It reveals a national insecurity about whether our education system is teaching the right things. It is also fed by an anxiety about whether, in a country with a history of upholding standards by ensuring that plenty of students fail, we can attain the more modern objective of ensuring that ever
39、y child leaves school with something to show for it. （分数：6.00）(1).It can be concluded from Paragraph 1 that _ . （分数：1.00）A.SATs is one of the most rigorous exams mentionedB.it has been debated if children should b given examsC.few parents approve of the exam systems in EnglandD.each year children ha
40、ve to face up to some new exams(2).Parents try to judge the educational standards by _ . （分数：1.00）A.whether their children have passed the examsB.what knowledge their children have acquiredC.what educators say about curriculum planningD.whether their childrens school scores are stable(3).To the auth
41、or, the rereading of Moliere was _ . （分数：1.00）A.drearyB.routineC.outmodedD.arduous(4).To the authors generation, it is beyond understanding today why _ . （分数：1.00）A.teachers lay great stress on helping students obtain good gradesB.teachers show much concern for students futureC.parents help little w
42、ith their childrens courseworkD.parents focus on their childrens general knowledge(5).According to the passage, with respect to educational standards in Britain, _ . （分数：1.00）A.no authorities have ever made a commentB.no one has ever tried to give them a definitionC.no effective ways have been taken
43、 to apply themD.no consistent yardstick has ever been used(6).In the authors opinion, the school education in Britain has been _ . （分数：1.00）A.inflexibleB.irresponsibleC.unsuccessfulD.unforgivablePassage Three Suzan Fellman had a hard time with Laura Bushs redo of the famed guest quarters named for P
44、resident Lincoln: “Looking at it , I thought I was in a Radisson lobby somewhere in the Midwest long ago. I could not imagine spending a night in that space. ” Done up with Victorian furnishings, the Lincoln Bedroom is one of the residences least-changed spaces, said Betty Monkman, formerly chief cu
45、rator of the White House for nearly 40 years. “Its a quasi-museum room, ”she said, “with a lot of objects, such as the bed , that have symbolic importance. ” The elaborately carved bed bought for Lincoln is the centerpiece of the room. According to historian William Seale, the president was furious
46、that his wife, Mary, spent so much money redecorating the White House during a time of war. He never slept in the bed , and the ornate piece eventually was moved to a spare room. Los Angeles designer Fellman saw parallels, calling the Obama era a period of“pulling back on extravagance. ”It is a good
47、 time, she said, to revisit pieces in storage, to rearrange old furniture in a new fashion, and use paint and fabrics to bring life and fun into a room without spending a fortune. In this re-imagining of the Lincoln Bedroom, Fellman would retain the legendary bed but paint the ceiling a sky blue and
48、 use a Cecil Beaton rose-print fabric for curtains. “Lincoln loved roses, ”Fellman said, “and this beige and ivory version keeps it from being too bold, modern or feminine. ”At a time when Americana is expected to stage a strong revival, Fellman said traditional styles such as Colonial and Federal can co-exist with European antiques if they are balanced in scale. Mindful of the recession, the designer advocated selecting furniture with longevity in mind. “If you are going to spend money, buy quality things that you never want to get rid of, ”she sa
