1、专业英语四级（语法与词汇）-试卷278及答案解析 (总分：52.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE(总题数：26，分数：52.00)1.PART III LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words, phrases or statements marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes
2、the sentence.（分数：2.00）_2.When _, the bridge connecting the island to the continent will be open to traffic next year.（分数：2.00）A.completedB.completingC.being completedD.to be completed3._ these objections, we can not ignore the advantages of learning through the Internet.（分数：2.00）A.DespiteB.Instead o
3、fC.ForD.Like4.Mom enjoyed herself so much _ she was on vacation in France with dad last year.（分数：2.00）A.whereB.thatC.whichD.when5.The experiment was _ we had anticipated.（分数：2.00）A.a success more thanB.more a success thanC.a success as much asD.as much of a success as6.Scientists first _ the idea of
4、 atomic bomb in the 1930s.（分数：2.00）A.deceivedB.conceivedC.relievedD.perceived7.We finished all of the food at a sitting . The underlined part means _.（分数：2.00）A.at one timeB.in timeC.on timeD.at a time8.As means of communication, poetry and dances _ many of the limitations of music.（分数：2.00）A.exceed
5、B.overtakeC.transcendD.surmount9.He was charged with causing death by _ driving.（分数：2.00）A.venturesomeB.daringC.rashD.reckless10.The mayor_his political view on the radio.（分数：2.00）A.set upB.set forthC.set aboutD.set in11.The doctors discover will have a_ effect on mankind.（分数：2.00）A.extremeB.radical
6、C.excessiveD.profound12.The Navy is warning ships to stay away from the coast of Somalia after a series of_ attacks there.（分数：2.00）A.burglarB.banditC.gangsterD.pirate13.The government_between the workers and the employers.（分数：2.00）A.mediatedB.reconciledC.interferedD.involved14.Green tea has in recen
7、t years attracted much attention in the West for a wide range of possible _ effects.（分数：2.00）A.advantageousB.beneficialC.favorableD.preferable15.You should try to remain_ and hear both sides of the story.（分数：2.00）A.impartialB.objectiveC.impersonalD.inhuman16.All the following underlined parts are ap
8、positive clauses (同位语从句) EXCEPT（分数：2.00）A.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.B.He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off .C.The fact that you are talking about has nothing to do with it.D.The question that who should do the work requires consideration.17.W
9、hat a pity! If only they _ here now, we would be able to celebrate their wedding anniversary.（分数：2.00）A.areB.wereC.have beenD.had been18.In Can you show me your photo ?, the underlined part is the _ of the sentence.（分数：2.00）A.object complementB.direct objectC.subject complementD.indirect object19.Th
10、ere _ be any difficulty in passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.（分数：2.00）A.mustntB.needntC.shall notD.shouldnt20._, he sometimes can not stand the way she solves problems.（分数：2.00）A.Although much he likes herB.Much although he likes herC.As he likes her muchD.Mu
11、ch as he likes her21.Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?（分数：2.00）A.His family is well known in this country.B.The public were not allowed to hear the trial.C.Poultry is expensive at this time of year.D.Physics include mechanics, heat, light, etc.22.Which of the following sentences is a CO
12、MMAND?（分数：2.00）A.Good old Mike!B.Try that again.C.Have a good night.D.Beg your forgiveness.23.Down _ from the seventh floor when he heard someone shouted at him.（分数：2.00）A.the burglar jumpedB.jumped the burglarC.did the burglar jumpD.the jumped burglar24._ with last year, the output of the factory t
13、his year has increased by twenty percent.（分数：2.00）A.ComparingB.ComparedC.Having comparedD.To compare25.Benjamin told me his father had decided to support him and _ he would quit the school to start his business.（分数：2.00）A./B.whenC.thatD.which26.If you are like most people, then chances are you often
14、_ others while they are still talking.（分数：2.00）A.interfereB.interveneC.interruptD.disturb专业英语四级（语法与词汇）-试卷278答案解析 (总分：52.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE(总题数：26，分数：52.00)1.PART III LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words, phrases or st
15、atements marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes the sentence.（分数：2.00）_解析：2.When _, the bridge connecting the island to the continent will be open to traffic next year.（分数：2.00）A.completedB.completingC.being completedD.to be completed解析：解析：时间状语从句的省略形式。当从句的主语与主
16、句的主语一致，且从句有be动词时，从句主语与be动词可以省略，答案为A，完整表达为When the bridge is completed。3._ these objections, we can not ignore the advantages of learning through the Internet.（分数：2.00）A.DespiteB.Instead ofC.ForD.Like解析：解析：despite后接名词引导让步状语，意为“尽管”，有此用法的介词或介词短语还有in spite of，for all等。故答案为A。其他选项用在此处均不能表示让步关系。4.Mom enjoy
17、ed herself so much _ she was on vacation in France with dad last year.（分数：2.00）A.whereB.thatC.whichD.when解析：解析：考查时间状语从句。此题易把句子看成sothat结构而误选B，但根据语义可看出was on vacation既非enjoyed herself之目的，也非其结果，不能用sothat句型。本题应选D，关系副词when引导时间状语从句。5.The experiment was _ we had anticipated.（分数：2.00）A.a success more thanB.
18、more a success thanC.a success as much asD.as much of a success as解析：解析：考查比较结构。比较结构往往可以“还原”为非比较结构来判断比较的对象以及主句的语法关系。选项A、C还原后，句型一致，都是“It was a success much”显然不合语法，可以排除。选项B可以理解为It was more X than Y句型，此时X和Y属于并列结构，表示“与其说是Y，不如说是X”，用在这里不合适。选项D还原后为：It was much of a success这种句型中，much是代词，表示something very good
19、; be much of表示“有气概或风度，了不起的”。答案为D。6.Scientists first _ the idea of atomic bomb in the 1930s.（分数：2.00）A.deceivedB.conceivedC.relievedD.perceived解析：解析：20世纪30年代，科学家们第一次有了关于原子弹的设想。Adeceived“欺骗，行骗” Bconceived“想象，构想”Crelieved“解除，使放心” Dperceived“察觉，理解”7.We finished all of the food at a sitting . The underli
20、ned part means _.（分数：2.00）A.at one timeB.in timeC.on timeD.at a time解析：解析：我们 一股脑地 吃完了所有的食物。下划线部分的含义是_。Aat one time“一次地” Bin time“及时”Con time“按时” Dat a time“每次，依次”注：短语at a sitting的意思是“一口气地”，与A含义相近。8.As means of communication, poetry and dances _ many of the limitations of music.（分数：2.00）A.exceedB.ove
21、rtakeC.transcendD.surmount解析：解析：诗歌和舞蹈作为交流的工具，超越了音乐的诸多限制。Aexceed“超出，超过”，表示超出了某种可以度量的限度或某种已知的限度，例如：Sales of the new product exceeded our estimates新产品的销售超出了我们的预计。Bovertake“赶上，超过”，指因速度快而赶上或超过某人、车辆等，例如：At last he overtook me at the finishing line在到达终点线时他超过了我。Ctranscend“超出，超越”，尤指概念范围、分类等抽象方面的超出或超越(如本题)，例如
22、：These issues transcend the limits of language study这些问题超出了语言研究的范围。Dsurmount“越过，战胜”，指克服困难，超越障碍，例如：I think most of these obstacles can be surmounted我认为这些障碍大多数都是可以克服的。9.He was charged with causing death by _ driving.（分数：2.00）A.venturesomeB.daringC.rashD.reckless解析：解析：他由于鲁莽驾驶致人死亡而受到指控。Aventuresome常指一种过
23、分的冒险爱好，可以意味着在行动前对形势做了谨慎的估计，例如：A trip to the moon is a venturesome journey月球旅行是个冒险的旅程。Bdaring指“大胆，果断”，例如：a daring rescue一次英勇的救援。Crash指语言或行动上的轻率，或一时情绪下所做的过快行动，例如：Dont do anything rash不要轻率行事。Dreckless指非常不小心，不考虑自己或别人，不顾后果的(如本题)，例如：reckless driving鲁莽的驾驶。10.The mayor_his political view on the radio.（分数：2.
24、00）A.set upB.set forthC.set aboutD.set in解析：解析：市长在电台发表他的政治主张Aset up“设立创立” Bset forth“陈述(观点等)，启程”Cset about“着手做某事，开始干” Dset in“开始，(讨厌的或不受欢迎的事物)到来”11.The doctors discover will have a_ effect on mankind.（分数：2.00）A.extremeB.radicalC.excessiveD.profound解析：解析：这位医生的发现将会对整个人类有着意义深远的影响。Aextreme通常指距离、程度上的极端和人
25、们思想意识上的过激，例如：His views are rather extreme他的见解相当偏激。Bradical“极端的，根本的”，强调重要性和完全彻底性，例如：He made a radical change in the plan他对计划做了彻底的修改。Cexcessive“过度的，过分的”。指程度或价格等超出正常的和常规的标准或范围，例如：The prices at this hotel are excessive这家旅馆的价钱贵得过分。Dprofound“深刻的，透彻的”，用来强调事物的伟大或强度(如本题)，例如：I give you my profound thanks for
26、saving my life我对您的救命之恩深表谢意。12.The Navy is warning ships to stay away from the coast of Somalia after a series of_ attacks there.（分数：2.00）A.burglarB.banditC.gangsterD.pirate解析：解析：该海军警告有关船只避免前往索马里沿海地区，在此之前，那里发生了一系列海盗袭击事件。Aburglar指夜间撬窗破门行窃的人。Bbandit原指在乡间或小林地区结帮活动，使用恐吓或暴力行窃的人，现指有组织或单独进行抢窃的盗匪。Cgangster指结
27、伙进行各种非法活动的武装歹徒。Dpirate指海盗。注：根据题中的the coast of Somalia可知，这些“强盗”与海相关。13.The government_between the workers and the employers.（分数：2.00）A.mediatedB.reconciledC.interferedD.involved解析：解析：政府在工人与雇主间进行调停。Amediated“调解，斡旋”，是指第三方通过与矛盾双方对话，使之达成协议或解决纷争(如本题)，例如：mediate between two warring countries在两个交战国之间进行斡旋。Br
28、econciled“调和，使和解”，是指使两个相反或完全不同的意见、信念，需求达到和谐一致的状况，也可指使两人在吵架或出现纷争之后再次重归如好，例如：She wanted to be reconciled with her father她想跟父亲言归于好。Cinterfered“妨碍，干预”，常含贬义，与介词with搭配时指人或人的行动打扰、妨碍他人；与in搭配时指干预他人的事务，例如：Dont interfere in my affairs别干涉我的事情。Dinvolved指把某人卷入、牵涉进入困境，甚至罪行，而造成复杂或尴尬的局面，例如：Dont involve me in your mi
29、stakes不要把我卷人你的错误当中去。14.Green tea has in recent years attracted much attention in the West for a wide range of possible _ effects.（分数：2.00）A.advantageousB.beneficialC.favorableD.preferable解析：解析：近年来，绿茶以它许多可能的有利效用而在西方引起了广泛的注意。Aadvantageous“有利的，有益的”，指取得优势或占先，例如：Youre in a very advantageous position你处于非常
30、有利的地位。Bbeneficial一般指对身体健康等有益、有帮助(如本题)或对事业起良好作用，例如：The arrangement was mutually beneficial这种安排对彼此都有利。Cfavorable多指环境有利，例如：Conditions are now favourable for skiing现在的天气条件正适合滑雪。Dpreferable指“更好的，更合适的，更可取的”，例如：Lower interest rates were preferable to higher ones低利率比高利率更可取。15.You should try to remain_ and h
31、ear both sides of the story.（分数：2.00）A.impartialB.objectiveC.impersonalD.inhuman解析：解析：你应该尽量保持中立，两方面的声音都要听。Aimpartial“不偏袒，公平的”，指做出的结论公正合理、不偏不倚(如本题)，例如：The judge must remain impartial法官必须保持公正。Bobjective“真实的，客观的”，强调以客观事实为依据，不含主观意念，例如：A scientist must be objective科学家必须客观。Cimpersonal指“没有人情味，人情冷淡”，例如：Even
32、 his children found him strangely distant and impersonal甚至他的孩子们也认为他跟其他人很疏远，没有人情味。Dinhuman意为“残暴的，无同情心的，无人性的”，例如：The violence of the gunman was inhuman持枪歹徒的暴行惨无人道。16.All the following underlined parts are appositive clauses (同位语从句) EXCEPT（分数：2.00）A.The fact that he had not said anything surprised ever
33、ybody.B.He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off .C.The fact that you are talking about has nothing to do with it.D.The question that who should do the work requires consideration.解析：解析：考查定语从句与同位语从句引导词that的区别。that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分，而在定语从句中则充当主语或宾语，四个选项只有C的that充当从句谓语are talking abo
34、ut的宾语，这里的that引导的是定语从句，其他选项下划线部分都是同位语从句。17.What a pity! If only they _ here now, we would be able to celebrate their wedding anniversary.（分数：2.00）A.areB.wereC.have beenD.had been解析：解析：if only引导的从句要用虚拟语气，表示“要是就好了”之意，表达一种不能实现或难以实现的愿望。表示与现在事实相反，if only从句谓语动词用过去时；表示与过去事实相反，if only从句谓语动词用过去完成时；表示与将来相反，用“w
35、ouldcould+动词原形”。本题是对现在事实的假设。故答案为B。18.In Can you show me your photo ?, the underlined part is the _ of the sentence.（分数：2.00）A.object complementB.direct objectC.subject complementD.indirect object解析：解析：show sbsth是双宾语结构，其中sb是间接宾语，sth是直接宾语，因此答案为B。19.There _ be any difficulty in passing the road test si
36、nce you have practiced a lot in the driving school.（分数：2.00）A.mustntB.needntC.shall notD.shouldnt解析：解析：must表推测时，只能用于肯定句中，其否定形式是cant。neednt通常表示“没必要”：shall用于第一人称表示征求对方的意见，用于第二和第三人称表示“允许、命令、法律条文中的规定”，用在此处不符合句意。should(not)表示根据常规或常识推测，语气比must和cant稍弱，为正确答案。20._, he sometimes can not stand the way she solv
37、es problems.（分数：2.00）A.Although much he likes herB.Much although he likes herC.As he likes her muchD.Much as he likes her解析：解析：as和although均可连接让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。as引导的让步状语从句要求用倒装结构，此结构可提至句首的有名词、动词原形、副词、形容词等，注意可数名词单数形式提至句首时不用冠词。如：Child as he is，he knows a lot(名词前置)Dark as the night was，he still found his w
38、ay to my home(形容词前置)Try as he would，he couldnt open the door(动词前置)。although无此用法，如果用although的话，应该是Although he likes her very much。21.Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?（分数：2.00）A.His family is well known in this country.B.The public were not allowed to hear the trial.C.Poultry is expensive
39、 at this time of year.D.Physics include mechanics, heat, light, etc.解析：解析：考查集体名词作主语。单数集体名词被看做一个整体作主语时，具有单数概念，谓语动词用单数形式；当它们表示若干个体时，具有复数概念。该类名词常见的有family，police，army，public，staff， press等。A、B、C表述都是正确的。D错误，以-ics结尾、表示学科名称的名词通常为单数概念，所以D的include应该改成includes。22.Which of the following sentences is a COMMAND?
40、（分数：2.00）A.Good old Mike!B.Try that again.C.Have a good night.D.Beg your forgiveness.解析：解析：B“再做一遍!”是一个命令句，为正确答案。A中good old后接人名表示对某人(不负众望)的行为表示称赞，译为“好个迈克”；C“睡个好觉”表示祝愿；D“请原谅!”表示请求。23.Down _ from the seventh floor when he heard someone shouted at him.（分数：2.00）A.the burglar jumpedB.jumped the burglarC.d
41、id the burglar jumpD.the jumped burglar解析：解析：down，out，in，up，on，away等表示方向的副词位于句首时，句子的主谓要全部倒装，答案为B。A是正常语序，C为半倒装，D不构成主谓，均排除。24._ with last year, the output of the factory this year has increased by twenty percent.（分数：2.00）A.ComparingB.ComparedC.Having comparedD.To compare解析：解析：主句的主语是the output，与compare
42、之间存在被动关系，因此要用过去分词作状语，相当于一个状语从句when the output is compared with last year答案为B。25.Benjamin told me his father had decided to support him and _ he would quit the school to start his business.（分数：2.00）A./B.whenC.thatD.which解析：解析：考查宾语从句引导词。当句中动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省，因此答案为C。26.If you a
43、re like most people, then chances are you often_ others while they are still talking.（分数：2.00）A.interfereB.interveneC.interruptD.disturb解析：解析：如果你和大多数人一样，很有可能常常在别人讲话的时候打断他们。Ainterfere“干涉，妨碍”，是不及物动词，作“干涉”讲时后多接in，作“妨碍，打扰”时后多接with，例如：She tried not to interfere in her childrens lives她尽量不去干涉孩子们的生活。Bintervene“干涉，干预”，为不及物动词，较为正式，常指带有行动的干预，例如：When riot broke out，the police were obliged to intervene发生暴乱时，警察有责任干预。Cinterrupt“打扰，打断，阻碍”，常有打断某人说话的意思(如本题)，例如：Im sorry to interrupt you不好意思打断一下。Ddisturb“打扰，妨碍”，常指失去了正常的状态或导致困难产生，例如：Bad dreams disturbed her sleep噩梦妨碍她的睡眠。
