1、专业英语四级（语法与词汇）历年真题试卷汇编5及答案解析 (总分：54.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY(总题数：27，分数：54.00)1.PART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY (15 MIN)Directions: There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best comple
2、tes the sentence.（分数：2.00）_2.Theyve lifted a two-year-long economic_on the country.(2011-76)（分数：2.00）A.enclosureB.restrictionC.blockadeD.prohibition3.Due to personality_, the two colleagues never got on well in work.(2010-66)（分数：2.00）A.contradictionB.conflictC.confrontationD.competition4.There were
3、150_at the international conference this summer.(2010-68)（分数：2.00）A.spectatorsB.viewersC.participantsD.onlookers5.The chief of surgery became committee chairman by virtue of_.(2014-72)（分数：2.00）A.seniorityB.serviceC.ageD.rank6.The employers prepares, with all due_, for a conference with the Trade Uni
4、ons. (2014-79)（分数：2.00）A.cautionB.concernC.certaintyD.consideration7.No food or drink is allowed on the premises . The underlined part means_. (2013-76)（分数：2.00）A.propositionB.advertisementC.buildingD.street8.The food is good at this hotel, but the_is poor; the waiters dont seem to be well trained.(
5、2012-74)（分数：2.00）A.serviceB.repairC.chargeD.maintenance9.You can go to a travel agency and ask for a holiday_.(2011-74)（分数：2.00）A.brochureB.advertisementC.introductionD.book10.His_in gambling has eventually brought about his ruin.(2010-75)（分数：2.00）A.indulgenceB.habitC.actionD.engagement11.The patter
6、ns of spoken language are_from those of writing.(2012-78)（分数：2.00）A.distinctB.distinctiveC.distinguishedD.distinguishing12.In the face of unexpected difficulties, he demonstrated a talent for quick,_action. (2010-70)（分数：2.00）A.determiningB.defensiveC.demandingD.decisive13.There is no conceivable rea
7、son why there should be any difficulty during the project. The underlined part can be replaced by all the following EXCEPT_.(2014-78)（分数：2.00）A.thinkableB.imaginableC.possibleD.observable14.The court would not accept his appeal unless_evidence is provided.(2013-77)（分数：2.00）A.conclusiveB.definiteC.ev
8、entualD.concluding15.That outburst at the meeting was_of his bad temper.(2012-69)（分数：2.00）A.expositoryB.explanatoryC.illustrativeD.revealing16.The earthquake refugees are_for food and blankets.(2012-70)（分数：2.00）A.desirousB.badly offC.seriously offD.ambitious17.When Linda heard the good news she trie
9、d to sound casual , but her excitement was obvious. The underlined part means_.(2012-71)（分数：2.00）A.uncaringB.disinterestedC.without planD.without warning18.The crowd went_as soon as the singer stepped onto the stage.(2011-67)（分数：2.00）A.wildB.emotionalC.uncontrolledD.unrestricted19.Look at those pret
10、ty girls skirts is_, because it is not clear whether the girls or the shirts are pretty .(2011-71)（分数：2.00）A.ambiguousB.hiddenC.indirectD.indistinct20.Because of the economic crisis, industrial output in the region remained_.(2010-72)（分数：2.00）A.motionlessB.inactiveC.stagnantD.immobile21.For the adve
11、rtised position, the company offers a(n)_salary and benefits package. (2010-79)（分数：2.00）A.generousB.plentifulC.abundantD.sufficient22.All her cousins and their children have fair hair. The underlined part means_. (2014-69)（分数：2.00）A.fineB.darkC.thickD.light23.John always feels sluggish first thing i
12、n the morning. The underlined part means _.(2014-70)（分数：2.00）A.sickB.inactiveC.dizzyD.drowsy24.The family of the victim had to endure a long wait before the case came to trial. The underlined part means_.(2014-71)（分数：2.00）A.tolerateB.keepC.faceD.hold25.Our experiment was conducted under optimal cond
13、ition. The underlined part means _.(2014-80)（分数：2.00）A.perfectB.properC.possibleD.proposed26.He is fed up with the same old dreary routine, and wants to quit his job. The underlined part means_.(2013-67)（分数：2.00）A.dullB.tiringC.longD.hard27.Everyone in the office knows that Melinda takes infinite ca
14、re over her work. The underlined part means_.(2013-73)（分数：2.00）A.limitedB.unnecessaryC.overdueD.much专业英语四级（语法与词汇）历年真题试卷汇编5答案解析 (总分：54.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY(总题数：27，分数：54.00)1.PART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY (15 MIN)Directions: There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each senten
15、ce there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.（分数：2.00）_解析：2.Theyve lifted a two-year-long economic_on the country.(2011-76)（分数：2.00）A.enclosureB.restrictionC.blockadeD.prohibition解析：解析：blockade表示“(对港口、海岸线等)的封锁，包围；(道路等的)封锁”，此处指“经济
16、封锁”，如一国或数国政府通过法令对另一国采取强硬措施，以断绝相互之间的经济和贸易关系的行为。常用的封锁措施有：中断贸易关系，禁止对被封锁国输入和输出货物，禁止对该国输出技术，截断交通运输，冻结该国政府和私人存在他国的资金和财产，停止与该国的一切财政、资金往来等。句意为“他们解除了对该国长达两年的经济封锁”，如：There is still some hope thatthe economic blockade will work and make military intervention unnecessary仍有希望经济封锁将会起作用，也将会使军事干预不必要。3.Due to person
17、ality_, the two colleagues never got on well in work.(2010-66)（分数：2.00）A.contradictionB.conflictC.confrontationD.competition解析：解析：conflict指“(信念、意见、利益等之间不可调和的)严重分歧，冲突，抵触”，相当于clash。句意为“由于性格不合，这两位同事在工作中无法好好相处。”如：Mybrother and I had a personality conflict我兄弟和我性格不合；a conflict of opinion意见的分歧。contradictio
18、n意为“(两种陈述、信念或两项建议之间的)矛盾”，如：Yourbehavior is in direct contradiction to your principles你的行为与你的原则互相矛盾；confrontation通常指“严肃的争论，对抗，对峙”，相当于disagreement，如：We cant risk confrontation with the trade union我们不能冒同工会对抗的危险；competition表示“竞争”，显然不符合句意，故选择B。4.There were 150_at the international conference this summer.
19、(2010-68)（分数：2.00）A.spectatorsB.viewersC.participantsD.onlookers解析：解析：participant意为“参加者，参与者”，通常和介词“in”搭配，句意为“今年夏天有150位参与此次国际会议”，如：All the participants in the debate had anopportunity to speak所有参加辩论的人都有机会发言。5.The chief of surgery became committee chairman by virtue of_.(2014-72)（分数：2.00）A.seniorityB.
20、serviceC.ageD.rank解析：解析：seniority表示“年长，资格老，资深”，强调在同一领域相比其他人，某人的阅历和经验更为丰富。句意为“由于资历深，外科主任成为委员会主席”。如：Promotion goes by seniority and by merit根据资历和业绩提升。service意为“服务”；age指“年龄”；rank表示“地位，等级；军衔，官衔”，三个词均不符句意。6.The employers prepares, with all due_, for a conference with the Trade Unions. (2014-79)（分数：2.00）A
21、.cautionB.concernC.certaintyD.consideration解析：解析：caution表示“小心，谨慎”，with caution指“谨慎地”，此题出处为(COBUILD英汉双解词典(柯林斯伯明翰大学国际语料库)，句意为“雇主们极为小心谨慎地准备与工会进行协商”。7.No food or drink is allowed on the premises . The underlined part means_. (2013-76)（分数：2.00）A.propositionB.advertisementC.buildingD.street解析：解析：此题考查学生对“p
22、remises”的理解。首先，premise作为单数，表示“前提，(作为先决条件的)假定、假设”，一般接that从句，如：He acted on the premise thathe was right他以自己是正确的前提行事。而用作复数时，则表示“房屋(及其附属建筑、基地等)”，如：Keep off the premises禁止人内。此句含义为“场内禁止饮食。”8.The food is good at this hotel, but the_is poor; the waiters dont seem to be well trained.(2012-74)（分数：2.00）A.servi
23、ceB.repairC.chargeD.maintenance解析：解析：service指“(宾馆、餐厅、商店等的)服务，接待”。此题来自于牛津高阶英汉双解词典。句意为“这家饭馆饭菜很好，可是服务很差。服务员似乎都没有接受过良好的培训”，如：The service was slow at that restaurant那家餐馆上菜速度很慢。repair意为“修补，修理”，如：His house is badly in need of repair他的房屋急需修理；charge则指“价钱，(货物或服务所需的)费用”，通常后接for，如：Is thereany charge for having
24、the goods delivered?送货收不收费?maintenance则表示“维持，保持；(定期)维修，检修，保养”，如：Whos responsible for the maintenance andcare of the buildings?谁负责这幢大楼的维修和管理?9.You can go to a travel agency and ask for a holiday_.(2011-74)（分数：2.00）A.brochureB.advertisementC.introductionD.book解析：解析：brochure指“(关于某地、某旅馆等的)情况介绍手册，小册子”。句意
25、为“你可以去旅行社，要一本度假手册”，如：a travel brochure旅游手册，再如：anadvertising brochure宣传小册子。10.His_in gambling has eventually brought about his ruin.(2010-75)（分数：2.00）A.indulgenceB.habitC.actionD.engagement解析：解析：indulgence意为“放纵，沉溺，沉迷，任性(的习惯)”，通常和介词in搭配。句意为“他沉溺于赌博，最终毁了自己。”如：Constant indulgence in bad habitsbrought abo
26、ut his ruin他长期耽于恶习，结果毁了自己。habit表示“(个人的)习惯”；action则指“行为”，engagement表示“订婚，约会”。11.The patterns of spoken language are_from those of writing.(2012-78)（分数：2.00）A.distinctB.distinctiveC.distinguishedD.distinguishing解析：解析：distinct表示“有区别的，截然不同的”，后可接from。句意为“口语的形式和写作截然不同”，如：Those two ideas are quite distinct
27、 from each other那两种想法完全不同。此外，distinct还指“明显的，清楚的，清晰的，分明的”，如：There is a distinctsmell of perfume in the room房间里有很明显的香水味。12.In the face of unexpected difficulties, he demonstrated a talent for quick,_action. (2010-70)（分数：2.00）A.determiningB.defensiveC.demandingD.decisive解析：解析：decisive意为“果断的，决断的，坚定的”，相当
28、于resolute。句意为“面临意料之外的困难时，他表现出某种才能，立马采取果断的行动”，如：a strong anddecisive leader强有力而又坚决果断的领导人。determining是determine的现在分词，不能做定语修饰action；defensive意为“防御的，保卫的”；demanding则是“要求高的，费力的”意思。13.There is no conceivable reason why there should be any difficulty during the project. The underlined part can be replaced b
29、y all the following EXCEPT_.(2014-78)（分数：2.00）A.thinkableB.imaginableC.possibleD.observable解析：解析：conceivable表示“可想到的，可想象的，可能的”，正好和选项A、B和C的含义相对应；observable则指“看得见的，觉察得到的”。14.The court would not accept his appeal unless_evidence is provided.(2013-77)（分数：2.00）A.conclusiveB.definiteC.eventualD.concluding解
30、析：解析：conclusive表示“决定性的，结论性的，确定的，不容置疑的”，和indisputable意义相似。题目中conclusive evidence是法律用语，意为“确凿的证据”。句意为“法院不会受理他的上诉，除非他提供确凿证据”。也可以说conclusive proof(确证)。conclusive一般用来形容facts，evidence或arguments等，表明证据令人信服。definite意为“明确的，确切的，清楚的”，其近义词为sure或certain。也可以和evidence搭配使用。但强调“真实的，而不是猜测或臆想的”。conclusive除了“确定的”含义以外，还含有
31、“最终的”意思，说明这些证据不仅令人信服，而且是所有证据的总和，只有最终提出这些确凿证据，法院才会受理他的上诉，而definite只有“确定的”意思。相比之下，conclusive更好。另外，以下形容词也可用来修饰evidence。女口：convincing，decisive，hard，solid，persuasive，compelling等。eventual则表示“最终的，结果的”，和final或ultimate意思相近。如：eventualsuccess最后的成功；concluding也表示“最后的，结束的”，如：concludingremarks结束语。但是这两个词均不和evidence
32、搭配使用。15.That outburst at the meeting was_of his bad temper.(2012-69)（分数：2.00）A.expositoryB.explanatoryC.illustrativeD.revealing解析：解析：四个形容词都有“说明，表明”的含义，但是用法上略有差别。illustrative表示“用作说明的，解说性的，作为例证的”，可以接of。此题来自于牛津高阶英汉双解词典。句意为“在会议上的这通发作足以说明他脾气坏”，如：Falling house prices are illustrative of the crisis facing
33、the constructive industry下跌的房价足以说明建筑业所面临的危机。再如：an illustrative example一个说明性的例子。16.The earthquake refugees are_for food and blankets.(2012-70)（分数：2.00）A.desirousB.badly offC.seriously offD.ambitious解析：解析：be badly off for sth表示“缺乏，不足，急需，需要”。此题来自于牛津高阶英汉双解词典，与字典的例句甚为相似。句意为“地震的难民需要食物和毯子”，如：The hospital w
34、as badly off for funds医院急需资金。17.When Linda heard the good news she tried to sound casual , but her excitement was obvious. The underlined part means_.(2012-71)（分数：2.00）A.uncaringB.disinterestedC.without planD.without warning解析：解析：casual表示“漫不经心的，随随便便的，(装得)不在乎的”。此题来自于朗文当代高级英语辞典。句意为“当琳达听到这个好消息时，她竭力让自己说
35、话的语调听起来好像很随便的样子，但她的激动是显而易见的”，如：He tried to appearcasual as he asked her to dance他邀请她跳舞时，竭力装作满不在乎的样子。18.The crowd went_as soon as the singer stepped onto the stage.(2011-67)（分数：2.00）A.wildB.emotionalC.uncontrolledD.unrestricted解析：解析：wild表示“感情强烈的，兴奋的，狂热的，愤怒的，疯狂的”。句意为“当歌手一登上舞台，观众就无比狂热”。一般用于以下词组：bego wi
36、ld with sth，如：be wild with griefragejoyexcitement悲痛欲绝大发雷霆欣喜若狂激动万分，再如：wild applause热烈的掌声。19.Look at those pretty girls skirts is_, because it is not clear whether the girls or the shirts are pretty .(2011-71)（分数：2.00）A.ambiguousB.hiddenC.indirectD.indistinct解析：解析：ambiguous和indistinct都可以表示“模糊的，不清楚的”，但
37、此处考点为“引起歧义的，模棱两可的，有两种以上意思的”，只有“ambiguous”具备此意。句意为“Lookat those pretty girlsskirts的意思模棱两可，因为我们无法判断是女孩还是女孩的裙子漂亮。”如：an ambiguous answer模棱两可的回答。其反义词为“unambiguous”，表示“明确的，不含糊的，清楚的”，如：unambiguous statements清晰的陈述。20.Because of the economic crisis, industrial output in the region remained_.(2010-72)（分数：2.00
38、）A.motionlessB.inactiveC.stagnantD.immobile解析：解析：stagnant意为“不发展的，不景气的，停滞不前的”，相当于sluggish。句意为“由于金融危机，这个地区的工业生产一直停滞不前”，如：Business was stagnant lastweek上个星期生意萧条。21.For the advertised position, the company offers a(n)_salary and benefits package. (2010-79)（分数：2.00）A.generousB.plentifulC.abundantD.suffic
39、ient解析：解析：generous意为“大量的，丰富的，充足的”；plentiful表示“丰富的，充足的”；abundant也有“丰富的，大量的”意思；sufficient同样表示“充足的，足够的”。显然，这四个形容词的含义相当相似，考生很难判断。这里的考点在于某些单词的惯用搭配。因此，只有generous可以和salary搭配，generous salary意为“丰厚的薪金”。句意为“关于广告中提到的工作岗位，这家公司提供丰厚的(包括福利的)薪资待遇。”22.All her cousins and their children have fair hair. The underlined
40、part means_. (2014-69)（分数：2.00）A.fineB.darkC.thickD.light解析：解析：fair通常意为“公平的，合理的”，但此处显然不是这个含义。当fair修饰头发时，表示“金色的”，属于浅色系。而light指颜色时也表示“淡的，浅的”，故选D。请考生注意fair还可指“(皮肤)白皙的；(天气)晴朗的；尚好的，中等的”，复习时请多留意一词多义的情况。23.John always feels sluggish first thing in the morning. The underlined part means _.(2014-70)（分数：2.00）
41、A.sickB.inactiveC.dizzyD.drowsy解析：解析：sluggish表示“无精打采的，懒洋洋的，有气无力的”，说明一个人行动迟缓，缺乏活力。句意为“约翰早上头一件事总是感到浑身懒洋洋”。请考生注意sluggish还可指“(商业)不景气的，清淡的”，如：a sluggish economy萧条的经济。24.The family of the victim had to endure a long wait before the case came to trial. The underlined part means_.(2014-71)（分数：2.00）A.tolerat
42、eB.keepC.faceD.hold解析：解析：endure意为“忍受(痛苦，困难等)，耐住”。出处仍然是牛津高阶英语词典(第七版)，句意为“在案子审理前，受害者的家属不得不忍受长时间的等待”。四个选项只有tolerate含有“容忍，忍受”的含义。此外，以下动词或词组都表示“忍受”：bear，take，stand，put up with等。25.Our experiment was conducted under optimal condition. The underlined part means _.(2014-80)（分数：2.00）A.perfectB.properC.possib
43、leD.proposed解析：解析：optimal=optimum，表示“最佳的，最优的，最适宜的，最理想的”，如：theoptimal growth temperature最适宜生长温度，与ideal，best含义相近。比较四个选项只有perfect意思最为接近。proper指“适宜的，合适的，恰当的”；possible表示“可能的”；proposed则意为“申请的，推荐的”。26.He is fed up with the same old dreary routine, and wants to quit his job. The underlined part means_.(2013
44、-67)（分数：2.00）A.dullB.tiringC.longD.hard解析：解析：部分考生也许不认识dreary，可通过上下文猜测其义。dull意为“乏味的，单调的，无聊的”，tiring意为“令人疲倦的，辛苦的”，long意为“长时间的”，hard意为“困难的，费时的”。根据题干中same，old和routine，我们不难发现他要做相同的、老套的例行工作，势必产生“枯燥无味的，单调的”感觉。故选项A最恰当。句意为“他厌倦了这种相同的，既老套又枯燥的例行工作，想辞职不干了”。近义词如下：Doring，uninteresting，tedious，monotonous等。27.Everyone in the office knows that Melinda takes infinite care over her work. The underlined part means_.(2013-73)（分数：2.00）A.limitedB.unnecessaryC.overdueD.much解析：解析：首先题干中infinite意为“无限的，无穷的，极大的”，近义词为great，unlimited。如：infinite damage巨大的损失。
