1、专业英语四级-165及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)For a century and a half the piano has been one of the most popular solo instruments for Western music. Unlike string and wind instruments, the piano is completely 1 , as it is able to play both the melody and its accompanying harmony at t
2、he same time. For this reason, it became the favorite household 2 of the nineteenth century. The 3 of the piano can be traced to the early keyboard instruments of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuriesthe spinet, the dulcimer, and the virginal. In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord (古钢
3、琴), and the harpsichord (拨弦键琴) became the 4 instruments of the keyboard group, a domination they maintained until the piano replaced them at the end of the eighteenth century. The clavichords tone was metallic and never powerful; 5 , because of the variety of tone possible to it, many composers foun
4、d the clavichord a sympathetic instrument for concert use, but the character of the tone could not be 6 save by mechanical or structural devices. The piano was 7 in the early eighteenth century by a harpsichord maker in Italy (though musicologists point out several previous instances of the instrume
5、nt). This instrument was called a piano e forte (soft and loud), to indicate its dynamic flexibility; its strings were 8 by a recoiling hammer with a felt- padded head. The wires were much heavier in the earlier instruments. A 9 of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century,
6、 including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instrument 10 of many tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone
7、 to a sharp, percussive (打击乐器) brilliance. A. autobiography B. struck C. perfected D. abandoned E. ancestry F. reliable G. self-sufficient H. nevertheless I. therefore J. instrument K. varied L. series M. capable N. piece O. chief（分数：25.00）The table clearly reflects the statistics of job satisfactio
8、n of the staff in a certain company. According to the data given in the table, we may 11 that the percentage of people satisfied with their jobs is highest among those 12 50 years old, at about 40%. Meanwhile, the proportions of the personnel feeling hard to say are the same between those under 40 a
9、nd over the age of 50, at about 50%. In 3 , the figure of the staff not satisfied with their jobs is about 64% among those between the age of 41 and 50, the highest among all the three categories satisfied, hard to say, and not satisfied. The major determinant lies in peoples various 13 . On the one
10、 hand, the staffs between the age of 41 and 50 usually have to 14 their responsibilities and pressure from both their families and their careers. Sometimes they even go to extremes, and 15 pursue money, power, high social status, and so on, which are all 16 of successbut never of satisfaction. On th
11、e other hand, people over the age of 50 always shift their lifes goal from 17 success to a relatively easy and comfortable life, and therefore become much more satisfied with their jobs. In view of the above reasoning, I am convinced that it is difficult for everyone to be content with their jobs, a
12、nd that it is advisable for each person to 18 his or her understanding of job satisfaction to reality. It is also clear to me that, despite the 19 attitudes towards ones career, true satisfaction probably derives from a positive attitude. A. maintain B. conclude C. ultimate D. assist E. adjust F. di
13、verse G. signs H. undertake I. calmly J. contrast K. attitudes L. symbols M. contrary N. anxiously O. over（分数：25.00）I was addressing a small gathering in a womens group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly 21 , frequently offering ideas and anecdote
14、s, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women 22 complain that their husbands dont talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement. He gestured toward his wife and said, Shes the talker in oar family. The room 23 into laughter; the ma
15、n looked 24 and hurt. Its true, he explained. When I come home from work, I have nothing to say. If she didnt keep the conversation going, wed spend the whole evening in silence. Although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home. The pattern was 25
16、 by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed gave lack of 26 as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent, that 27 to millions of cases in the United
17、 States every yearan epidemic of failed conversation. In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on real 28 such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life- support work like clea
18、ning, cooking, social arrangements and errands. They 29 focused on communication: He doesnt listen to me. He doesnt talk to me. I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this 30 of their wives.
19、A. puzzled B. frequently C. seldom D. amounts E. instead F. expectation G. problems H. communication I. shocked J. burst K. inequities L. talkative M. felt N. observed O. thus（分数：25.00）The artist is the creator of beautiful things. To reveal art and 31 the artist is arts aim. The critic is he who ca
20、n translate his 32 of beautiful things into another way or a new material. The highest as the lowest form of criticism is a mode of autobiography. Those who find ugly meanings in beautiful things are corrupt without being charming. This is a fault. Those who find beautiful meanings in beautiful thin
21、gs are 33 . For these there is hope. They are the elect to whom beautiful things mean only beauty. There is no such thing as a moral or a(n) 34 book. Books are well written, or badly written. That is all. The nineteenth centurys dislike of realism is the rage of Caliban seeing his own face in a glas
22、s. The nineteenth centurys dislike of 35 is the rage of Caliban not seeing his own face in a glass. The moral life of man forms part of the subject-matter of the artist, but the morality of art 36 in the perfect use of an imperfect medium. No artist 37 to prove anything. Even things that are true ca
23、n be proved. No artist has ethical sympathies. An ethical 38 in an artist is an unforgivable mannerism of style. The artist can express everything. Thought and language are to the artist instruments of an art. From the point of view of form, all art is at once surface and symbol. Diversity of opinio
24、n about a work of art shows that the work is new, 39 , and vital. We can forgive a man for making a useful thing as long as he does not admire it. The only excuse for making a useless thing is that one admires it 40 A. intensely B. simple C. complex D. conceal E. sympathy F. consideration G. desires
25、 H. impression I. consists J. romance K. romanticism L. completely M. cultivated N. render O. immoral（分数：25.00）专业英语四级-165答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)For a century and a half the piano has been one of the most popular solo instruments for Western music. Unlike string and wind in
26、struments, the piano is completely 1 , as it is able to play both the melody and its accompanying harmony at the same time. For this reason, it became the favorite household 2 of the nineteenth century. The 3 of the piano can be traced to the early keyboard instruments of the fifteenth and sixteenth
27、 centuriesthe spinet, the dulcimer, and the virginal. In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord (古钢琴), and the harpsichord (拨弦键琴) became the 4 instruments of the keyboard group, a domination they maintained until the piano replaced them at the end of the eighteenth century. The clavichord
28、s tone was metallic and never powerful; 5 , because of the variety of tone possible to it, many composers found the clavichord a sympathetic instrument for concert use, but the character of the tone could not be 6 save by mechanical or structural devices. The piano was 7 in the early eighteenth cent
29、ury by a harpsichord maker in Italy (though musicologists point out several previous instances of the instrument). This instrument was called a piano e forte (soft and loud), to indicate its dynamic flexibility; its strings were 8 by a recoiling hammer with a felt- padded head. The wires were much h
30、eavier in the earlier instruments. A 9 of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instrument 10 of many tonal e
31、ffects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a sharp, percussive (打击乐器) brilliance. A. autobiography B. struck C. perfected D. abandoned E. ancestry F. reliable G. self-sufficient H. nevertheless I. therefore J. instrument K. varie
32、d L. series M. capable N. piece O. chief（分数：25.00）解析：Gself-sufficient解析 上下文题。根据词性，此处应当填入形容词。介词unlike“与不一样”提示后半句含义应与string and wind instrument“弦乐器”相反，对钢琴的描述是able to play both the melody and its accompanying harmony at the same time“同时可独奏也可伴奏”，可见钢琴是self-sufficient，无须其他乐器伴奏，且映照主题句中的形容词solo“独奏的”。故答案是sel
33、f-sufficient。解析：Jinstrument解析 上下文关键词复现题。根据词性，此处填入名词。首段主题句中有most popular，而该空前的修饰词恰好是同义词favorite“最受欢迎的”，故都用来修饰instruments“乐器”，可见答案是instrument。解析：Eancestry解析 词义辨析题。根据词性，此处应当填入名词。该空是trace.to.“追溯到”的宾语，易混淆的词是autobiography“自传”，ancestry“起源”。根据文意，可锁定答案ancestry。此句意为：钢琴的起源可追溯到十五、十六世纪早期的键盘乐器。解析：Ochief解析 词义辨析题。根
34、据词性，此处填入形容词。可选范围是reliable“可依赖的”，varied“多种多样的”，capable“能干的”，chief“主要的”。虽然干扰项较多，但后面的词汇线索domination“主导地位”明确提示，在18世纪末钢琴出现之前，风琴、古钢琴和拨弦键琴一直是键盘类的主要乐器，它们一直保持着至高无上的地位，可见最佳答案是chief。解析：Hnevertheless解析 上下文题。根据词性，此处应当填入副词。可选项有nevertheless“尽管如此”，therefore“因此”。后句中已有because of，不可能重复出现表示因果关系的词，可排除therefore，且上文中说The
35、clavichords tone was。metallic and never powerful“古钢琴的音调有金属感但没有力度”，之后又赞叹because of the variety of tone possible to it“因为它音域很广”，故前后的逻辑关系只有表示转折的nevertheless能维系，选择nevertheless。解析：Kvaried解析 词义辨析题。根据词性，此处应当填入动词过去分词。可选项有perfected“使完美”，abandoned“摈弃”，varied“使不同，变奏”，struck“敲击”。根据其宾语character of the tone“音调特征”
36、，以及后面的介词短语save by mechanical or structural devices, save在此是介词用法，意为“除之外”。可推测句意：它的音调难以变化，除非使用机械或构件装置。符合题意的选项是varied。解析：Cperfected解析 上下文题。根据词性，此处应当填入动词过去分词。此句是该段的主题句，其大意可由段内下文推断。而根据后面的讲述，能发现有揭示题旨的词汇线索mechanical improvements“机械上的改进”和perfection“完美化”，故选perfected。解析：Bstruck解析 词义辨析题。根据词性，以及后面的介词by，此处应当填入动词过
37、去分词。结合by a recoiling hammer with a felt-padded head“用一个头部带皮毡的弹击乐锤”，和宾语its strings“琴弦”，可理解此句的意思大致为“演奏者用一个头部带皮毡的弹击乐锤敲击琴弦”，struck最合题意。解析：Lseries解析 词组固定搭配题。根据词性，此处应当填入名词。根据a .of的结构，可选的范围有series和piece，即a series of“一系列”，a piece of“一片”，因为后面接的是可数名词，故选series，即“一系列的机械上的改进”。解析：Mcapable解析 词组固定搭配题。根据诃性，此处应当填入形容词
38、。跟of搭配的形容词选项只有capable，且capable of为常见短语，表示“有能力(或技能)的，能的”，故选capable。The table clearly reflects the statistics of job satisfaction of the staff in a certain company. According to the data given in the table, we may 11 that the percentage of people satisfied with their jobs is highest among those 12 50
39、years old, at about 40%. Meanwhile, the proportions of the personnel feeling hard to say are the same between those under 40 and over the age of 50, at about 50%. In 3 , the figure of the staff not satisfied with their jobs is about 64% among those between the age of 41 and 50, the highest among all
40、 the three categories satisfied, hard to say, and not satisfied. The major determinant lies in peoples various 13 . On the one hand, the staffs between the age of 41 and 50 usually have to 14 their responsibilities and pressure from both their families and their careers. Sometimes they even go to ex
41、tremes, and 15 pursue money, power, high social status, and so on, which are all 16 of successbut never of satisfaction. On the other hand, people over the age of 50 always shift their lifes goal from 17 success to a relatively easy and comfortable life, and therefore become much more satisfied with
42、 their jobs. In view of the above reasoning, I am convinced that it is difficult for everyone to be content with their jobs, and that it is advisable for each person to 18 his or her understanding of job satisfaction to reality. It is also clear to me that, despite the 19 attitudes towards ones care
43、er, true satisfaction probably derives from a positive attitude. A. maintain B. conclude C. ultimate D. assist E. adjust F. diverse G. signs H. undertake I. calmly J. contrast K. attitudes L. symbols M. contrary N. anxiously O. over（分数：25.00）解析：Bconclude解析 上下文题。根据词性，此处应当填入动词原形。可选范围有A，B，D，E，H。而根据上文语境
44、提示“According to the data given in the table”，可判断后面的内容是表示数据结果，下文“the percentage of people satisfied with their jobs is highest among those -|_|- 50 years old, at about 40%”也明确提示出调查结果：在超过50岁的年龄阶段，员工对工作满意度最高。根据上下文信息，锁定答案为conclude。解析：Oover解析 上下文同义词复现题。根据词性，此处应当填入介词。而且下文有明确提示“between those under 40 and o
45、ver the age of 50, at about50%”，可见答案为over。解析：Jcontrast解析 词组固定搭配题。根据词性，此处应当填入名词。且根据词语的习惯用法判断，只有词组in contrast“相比之下”符合题意，故选contrast。解析：Kattitudes解析 词义辨析题。根据词性，此处应当填入名词复数。可选范围是signs“迹象，符号”，attitudes“态度”，symbols“符号，象征”。而根据下文信息“On the one hand; on the other hand”，可见是对不同观点进行阐述，所以答案是attitudes。解析：Hundertake解
46、析 词组固定搭配题。根据词性，此处应当填入动词原形。且undertake responsibility为常用固定搭配，意为“承担责任”，答案是undertake。解析：Nanxiously解析 语义题。根据词性，此处应当填入副词。容易混淆的是calmly“镇静地”和anxiously“焦急地，担忧地”，且根据上下文中的短语线索go to extremes“走极端”，pursue money“追逐金钱”等，可判断答案是anxiously。解析：Lsymbols解析 词义辨析题。根据词性，此处应当填入名词复数。空前的which指代“money, power, high social status,
47、 and so on”，可推断句意“金钱、权力、社会地位等都是成功的象征”，所以可以在“signs”和“symbols”之间做出辨析。sign就是“标记、预兆”，经常是比较具体的现象；symbol一般是指象征意义性的标志，可是实物也有可能是虚有的，故锁定答案symbols。解析：Cultimate解析 词义辨析题。根据词性，此处应当填入形容词。可选范围是ultimate“最后的，最大的”，diverse“不同的，多种多样的”，contrary“相反的”，根据下文句意：50岁以上的人对工作的满意度最高，因为他们不再追求最后的成功，而是要过简单、轻松的生活，且ultimate success也是常
48、见习惯搭配。有句名言是“no one can cheat you out of ultimate success but yourselves”，“谁都无法阻止你最终成功，除非你自己承认失败”，故答案是ultimate。解析：Eadjust解析 词组固定搭配题。根据词性，此处应当填入动词原形。再根据上下文可观察到有跟adjust固定搭配的单词“to”, adjust.to.这一结构表示“使适应”，符合题旨，故选adjust。解析：Fdiverse解析 上下文同义词复现题。根据词性，此处应当填入形容词。上文有明确提示“various attitudes”正与diverse“不同的，多种多样的”a
49、ttitudes相呼应，故选diverse。I was addressing a small gathering in a womens group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly 21 , frequently offering ideas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women
