1、专业英语四级分类模拟318及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART DICTATION(总题数：1，分数：40.00)1.Listening to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readin
2、gs, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 1 minute to check through your work once more. Sight Problems（分数：40.00）_二、
3、PART CLOZE(总题数：1，分数：20.00)A. additional B. affect C. aptly D. assimilate E. circulation F. closely G. consistent H. enthusiasm I. identify J. impact K. penalty L. reward M. simplifying N. suspending O. vulnerable Some performance evaluations require supervisors to take action. Employees who receive
4、a very favorable evaluation may deserve some type of recognition or even a promotion. If supervisors do not acknowledge such outstanding performance, employees may either lose their 1 and reduce their effort or search for a new job at a firm that will 2 them for high performance. Supervisors should
5、acknowledge high performance so that the employee will continue to perform well in the future. Employees who receive unfavorable evaluations must also be given attention. Supervisors must 3 the reasons for poor performance. Some reasons, such as a family illness, may have a temporary adverse 4 on pe
6、rformance and can be corrected. Other reasons, such as a bad attitude, may not be temporary. When supervisors give employees an unfavorable evaluation, they must decide whether to take any 5 actions. If the employees were unaware of their own deficiencies, the unfavorable evaluation can pinpoint (指出
7、) the deficiencies that employees must correct. In this case, the supervisor may simply need to monitor the employees 6 and ensure that the deficiencies are corrected. If the employees were already aware of their deficiencies before the evaluation period, however, they may be unable or unwilling to
8、correct them. This situation is more serious, and the supervisor may need to take action. The action should be 7 with the firms guidelines and may include reassigning the employees to new jobs, 8 them temporarily, or firing them. A supervisors action toward a poorly performing worker can 9 the attit
9、udes of other employees. If no 10 is imposed on an employee for poor performance, other employees may react by reducing their productivity as well.（分数：20.00）三、PART READING COMPR(总题数：1，分数：15.00)SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section there are four passages followed by ten multiple choice
10、 questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO. (PASSAGE ONE) To live in the United States today is to gain an appreciation for Dahrendorfs assertion that
11、 social change exists everywhere. Technology, the application of knowledge for practical ends, is a major source of social change. Yet we would do well to remind ourselves that technology is human creation; it does not exist naturally. A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object. U
12、ntil humans use a spear to hunt game or a robot to produce machine parts, neither is much more than a solid mass of matter. For a bird looking for an object on which to rest, a spear or robot serves the purpose equally well. The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle and the Russian nuclear accid
13、ent at Chernobyl drive home the human quality of technology ; they provide cases in which well-planned systems suddenly went haywire and there was no ready hand to set them right. Since technology is a human creation, we are responsible for what is done with it. Pessimists worry that we will use our
14、 technology eventually to blow our world and ourselves to pieces. But they have been saying this for decades, and so far we have managed to survive and even flourish. Whether we will continue to do so in the years ahead remains uncertain. Clearly, the impact of technology on our lives deserves a clo
15、ser examination. Few technological developments have had a greater impact on our lives than the computer revolution. Scientists and engineers have designed specialized machines that can do the tasks that once only people could do. There are those who assert that the switch to an information-based ec
16、onomy is in the same camp as other great historical milestones, particularly the Industrial Revolution. Yet when we ask why the Industrial Revolution was a revolution, we find that it was not the machines. The primary reason why it was revolutionary is that it led to great social change. It gave ris
17、e to mass production and, through mass production, to a society in which wealth was not confined to the few. In somewhat similar fashion, computers promise to revolutionize the structure of American life particularly as they free the human mind and open new possibilities in knowledge and communicati
18、on. The Industrial Revolution supplemented and replaced the muscles of humans and animals by mechanical methods. The computer extends this development to supplement and replace some aspects of the mind of human beings by electronic methods. It is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and
19、 making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society. (PASSAGE TWO) One of the components of The Southside Poverty Alleviation Project which was implemented in 2012 was the improvement on the East and West Collet Canal
20、Streets. Everyone can remember the un-pleasant state of these streets and the canal which ran in the center. At the completion of the project there was no denying the practical and aesthetical improvement in these areas. It was like day and night; the difference was obvious. The section most transfo
21、rmed was the area that spans the length of the West Collet Canal from Cemetery Road to Dean Street. This section was used by taxi drivers in front of the Novelos bus terminal and by produce vendors in front of the Michael Finnegan Market. The project allowed for taxi and private motor vehicle parkin
22、g and in an innovative move the construction of business booths over the canal which has been lined with concrete. This truly is an inspiring venture as it promotes and encourages entrepreneurship. This is something that we dont have enough of. While this is surely encouraged, it has been observed t
23、hat one such business has placed barricades(路障) on the street in front of its entrance. This defeats the entire purpose of the rehabilitation of the Canal Streets which was to provide much needed parking space. Placing these barriers on the street itself deprives motorists of parking and in effect c
24、reates traffic problems in the area. If history is our guide it is then accurate to assume that the next step which will be taken by this business is a waterproof canvas expansion. you guessed it, onto the street. This would mean that we would be back to square one . We will have the same problem we
25、 had in the beginning where vendors spread their produce on the street along the canal. It is therefore imperative that the relevant authorities take note and apply whatever corrective measure is needed to curb this immediately. Belize is transforming for the better. Lets keep it that way. (PASSAGE
26、THREE) Centuries ago, man discovered that removing moisture from food helps to preserve it, and that the easiest way to do this is to expose the food to sun and wind. In this way the North American Indians produce pemmican (dried meat ground into powder and made into cakes ), the Scandinavians make
27、stockfish and the Arabs dried dates and apricot leather. All foods include watercabbage and other leaf vegetables contain as much as 93% water, potatoes and other root vegetables 80%, lean meat 75% and fish, anything from 80% to 60%, depending on how fatty it is. If this water is removed, the activi
28、ty of the bacteria which cause food to go bad is checked. Fruit is sun-dried in Asia Minor, Greece, Spain and other Mediterranean countries, and also in California, South Africa and Australia. The methods used vary, but in general, the fruit is spread out on trays in drying yards in the hot sun. In
29、order to prevent darkening, pears, peaches and apricots are exposed to the fumes of burning sulfur before drying. Plums, for making prunes, and certain varieties of grapes for making raisins and currants, are dipped in an alkaline solution in order to crack the skins of the fruit slightly and remove
30、 their wax coating, so as to increase the rate of drying. Nowadays most foods are dried mechanically. The conventional method of such dehydration is to put food in chambers through which hot air is blown at temperatures of about 110 at entry to about 43 C at exit. This is the usual method for drying
31、 such things as vegetables, minced meat, and fish. Liquids such as milk, coffee, tea, soups and eggs may be dried by pouring them over a heated steel cylinder or by spraying them into a chamber through which a current of hot air passes. In the first case, the dried material is scraped off the roller
32、 as a thin film which is then broken up into small, though still relatively coarse flakes. In the second process it falls to the bottom of the chamber as a fine powder. Where recognizable pieces of meat and vegetables are required, as in soup, the ingredients are dried separately and then mixed. Dri
33、ed foods take up less room and weigh less than the same food packed in cans or frozen, and they do not need to be stored in special conditions. For these reasons they are invaluable to the climbers, explorers and soldiers in battle, who have little storage space. They are also popular with house-wiv
34、es because it takes so little time to cook them. Usually it is just a case of replacing the dried-out moisture with boiling water. (PASSAGE FOUR) The business suit has for a long time been the uniform for male office workers. But it is not very satisfactory. For a start, it means that all men look t
35、he same, give or take their ties. But that is not the only problem: at the height of summer the business suit is hot and stuffy, restricting movement, andsince the suit must always be worn with a tieit demands tightness at the neck that causes unnecessary discomfort and irritation. Women in offices
36、are free to wear what they please, within certain limits. Some women wear business suits, too; but these are usually less formal and, most importantly, they are designed to show off the feminine shape to advantage. The same cannot be said for the male suit. Most men look unattractive in them. They a
37、re shapeless, lumpy and dull in color and do nothing for the male physique. A male of-rice workers only way of expressing himself in this boring business uniform is through his selection of ties. The tie becomes his outward sign of inner personality. Unfortunately, few men have any sense of style an
38、d fewer still stop to ponder what their personality is really like. For this reason, many male of-rice workers go to work in appallingly loud, garish ties, in the mistaken belief that they look good. Add to all this is the problem of cleaning a mans suit. Do men actually clean them at all? A private
39、 ( and not very scientific) study of male office workers indicates that they do not. Unlike their female counterparts, who are always taking clothes to the dry-cleaners even when they have only been worn once in the past three weeks, men send their suits to the cleaners perhaps once a season. And ye
40、t most men wear the same suit several days a week, with just a change of shirt and tie for variety. Why do men not rebel and find some other way of dressing at the office? Well, they have thought this problem through very carefully. They realize how many hours they can save from their morning routin
41、e by wearing the same clothes day in, day out. Whereas the average female office worker takes time to plan what she will wear in the morning before ironing her outfit and finding coordinating fashion accessories, all a man has to do is leap out of bed, fumble around in the closet for his underwear a
42、nd the first available shirt that hasnt had tomato sauce dripped down its front, select a tie at random (only the most fastidious attempt a color match between suit, shirt and tie) and step into the trousers that have been draped across the back of an armchair in the bedroom the previous night. Simp
43、le. Now, where did he leave his shoes and socks?（分数：15.00）(1).A spear or robot has the quality of technology only when it -|_|-. (PASSAGE ONE)（分数：1.00）A.can be of use to both man and animalB.is made use of by manC.serves different purposes equally wellD.is used both as a cultural and a physical obje
44、ct(2).According to the author, the introduction of computer is a revolution mainly in that -|_|-. (PASSAGE ONE)（分数：1.00）A.it enables people to live a better lifeB.it develops in a similar pattern to Industrial RevolutionC.it has helped to switch to an information technologyD.it has the great potenti
45、al to lead to social changes(3).The passage is based on the authors -|_|-. (PASSAGE ONE)（分数：1.00）A.cautious analysis of the replacement of the human mind by machinesB.objective criticism of the role of Industrial RevolutionC.keen insights into the nature of technologyD.detailed description of the ne
46、gative consequences of technology(4).The Southside Poverty Alleviation Project -|_|-. (PASSAGE TWO)（分数：1.00）A.aimed to improve the streets along the canalB.was to improve the poor peoples sense of aestheticsC.achieved good results in making the area betterD.focused more on the practical side of the
47、improvement(5).Which of the following statements is CORRECT about the area that spans the length of the West Collet Canal from Cemetery Road to Dean Street? (PASSAGE TWO)（分数：1.00）A.It used to be the messiest and poorest area along the canal.B.It had the largest people flow of all the canal-side stre
48、ets.C.It was changed to a very large extent, compared to its past.D.It was the most densely-populated area along the canal.(6).According to the author, what is an unwise decision about the area that spans the length of the West Collet Canal from Cemetery Road to Dean Street? (PASSAGE TWO)（分数：1.00）A.Permission for private vehicles to park in the area.B.Covering up the surface of the canal with concrete.C.Blocking up the entrance of this special area.D.Encouraging vendors to do business in the area.(7).Nowadays vegetables are most commonly dried -|_
