1、专业英语四级分类模拟322及答案解析 (总分：75.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：3，分数：75.00)Aalter Bnutrition Ccompanied Dawareness Ecompile Fsnakes Gcontains Hfiber Inutrient Jsnacks Kalong Lpatterns Mfavorite Nconsciousness Oalert Americans today have different eating habits than in the past. There is a wide selection of food
2、available. They have a broader knowledge of 1 , so they buy more fresh fruit and vegetables than ever before. At the same time, Americans purchase increasing quantities of sweets, 2 and sodas. It is easy to study the amounts and kinds of food that people consume. The United States Department of Agri
3、culture (USDA) and the food industry-growers, processors, marketers and restaurateurs 3 sales statistics and keep accurate records. Red meat, which used to be the most popular choice for dinner, is no longer an American 4 . Instead, chickens, turkey, and fish have become more popular. Sales of these
4、 foods have greatly increased in recent years. This is probably a result of the awareness of the dangers of eating food which 5 high levels of cholesterol, or animal fat. Doctors believe that cholesterol is a threat to human health. According to a recent survey, Americans also change their eating 6
5、to meet the needs of different situations. They have certain ideas about which foods will increase their athletic ability, help them lose weight, make them 7 for business meetings, or put them in the vegetables, which supply them with carbon hydrates, to give them strength for physical activity, suc
6、h as sports. Adults choose foods rich in 8 , such as bread and cereal, for breakfast, and salads for lunch to prepare them for business appointments. For romantic dinners, however, Americans choose shrimp and lobster. While many of these ideas are based on nutritional facts, some are not. Americans
7、9 of nutrition, 10 with their changing tastes and needs, leads them to consume a wide variety of foodsfoods for health, for fun, and simply for good taste.（分数：25.00）Aaccumulates Bveiled Cfascinating Dpasture Eprocedure Fbarren Gterminating Hendure Imoisture Jsecondary Kstimulates Llodged Mtexture Nb
8、rief Omachine The forest from which man takes his timber is the tallest and most impressive plant community on earth. In terms of mans 11 life it appears permanent and unchanging, save for the seasonal growth and fall of the leaves, but to foresters it represents the climax of a long succession of e
9、vents. No wooded landscape we see today has been forest for all time. Plants have minimum requirements for temperature and 12 and, in ages past, virtually every part of earths surface has at some time been either too dry or too cold for plants to survive. However, as soon as climatic conditions chan
10、ge in favor of plant life, a(n) 13 sequence of changes occurs, called a primary succession. First to colonize the 14 lands are the lowly lichens, surviving on bare rock. Slowly, the acids produced by these organisms crack the rock surface, plant debris 15 , and mosses establish a shallow roothold. F
11、erns may follow and, with short grasses and shrubs, gradually form a covering of plant life. Roots probe even deeper into the developing soil and eventually large shrubs give way to the first trees. These grow rapidly, cutting off sunlight from the smaller plants, and soon establish complete dominat
12、ion closing their ranks and forming a climax community which may 16 for thousands of years. Yet even this community is not everlasting. Fire may destroy it outright and settlers may cut it down to gain land for 17 or cultivation. If the land is then abandoned, a(n) 18 succession will take over, deve
13、loping much faster on the more hospitable soil. Shrubs and trees are among the early invaders, their seeds carried by the wind, by birds and 19 in the coats of mammals. For as long as it stands and thrives, the forest is a vast 20 , storing energy and many elements essential for life.（分数：25.00）A. di
14、sregarding B. considering C. for which D. which E. choices F. ideal G. Moreover H. perfect I. therefore J. competent K. drift L. flexible M. float N. requirements O. risks Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, the choice of an occupation should be made even befo
15、re the choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, most people make several job choices during their working lives, partly because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve their position. The one 21 job does not exist. Young people should 22 enter a broad 23 training program tha
16、t will fit them for a field of work rather than for a single job. Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans without the benefit of help from a 24 vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing little about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifewo
17、rk on a hit-or-miss basis. Some 25 from job to job. Others stick to work in which they are unhappy and 26 they are not fitted. One common mistake is choosing an occupation for its real or imagined prestige. Too many high-school studentsor their parents for themchoose the professional field, 27 both
18、the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal 28 . The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a white-collar job is no good reason for choosing it as lifes work. 29 , these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large propo
19、rtion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the majority of young people should give serious consideration to these fields. Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants out of life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire soc
20、ial prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security; others are willing to take 30 for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its（分数：25.00）专业英语四级分类模拟322答案解析 (总分：75.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：3，分数：75.00)Aalter Bnutrition Ccompanied Dawareness Ecompile Fsnakes
21、 Gcontains Hfiber Inutrient Jsnacks Kalong Lpatterns Mfavorite Nconsciousness Oalert Americans today have different eating habits than in the past. There is a wide selection of food available. They have a broader knowledge of 1 , so they buy more fresh fruit and vegetables than ever before. At the s
22、ame time, Americans purchase increasing quantities of sweets, 2 and sodas. It is easy to study the amounts and kinds of food that people consume. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the food industry-growers, processors, marketers and restaurateurs 3 sales statistics and keep accu
23、rate records. Red meat, which used to be the most popular choice for dinner, is no longer an American 4 . Instead, chickens, turkey, and fish have become more popular. Sales of these foods have greatly increased in recent years. This is probably a result of the awareness of the dangers of eating foo
24、d which 5 high levels of cholesterol, or animal fat. Doctors believe that cholesterol is a threat to human health. According to a recent survey, Americans also change their eating 6 to meet the needs of different situations. They have certain ideas about which foods will increase their athletic abil
25、ity, help them lose weight, make them 7 for business meetings, or put them in the vegetables, which supply them with carbon hydrates, to give them strength for physical activity, such as sports. Adults choose foods rich in 8 , such as bread and cereal, for breakfast, and salads for lunch to prepare
26、them for business appointments. For romantic dinners, however, Americans choose shrimp and lobster. While many of these ideas are based on nutritional facts, some are not. Americans 9 of nutrition, 10 with their changing tastes and needs, leads them to consume a wide variety of foodsfoods for health
27、, for fun, and simply for good taste.（分数：25.00）解析：B 考点 考查名词。 空格前为介词of，因此空格处应填名词或动名词。结合句意“他们对 -|_|-有了更广泛的了解，因此和从前相比，他们购买更多的新鲜水果和蔬菜”和选项可知，B项nutrition“营养学”最适合；I项nutrient是干扰项，意为“营养物”，不符合题意。解析：J 考点 考查名词。 空格后为并列连词and，因此空格处应填和sweets、sodas并列的表示食品的名词。结合选项可知，J项snacks“小吃；点心”最适合，为正确答案；F项snakes是干扰项，它与snacks是形近词，
28、snakes意为“蛇；阴险的人”，不符合题意，可排除。解析：E 考点 考查动词。 空格所在分句缺少谓语。空格前为名词restaurateurs，之后为名词短语sales statistics，因此空格处应填及物动词的原形。结合句意“美国农业部和食品行业 -|_|-销售统计并保存精确记录”和选项可知，E项compile“汇集，收集”最适合，故选E;A项alter也可作及物动词且为原形，但它意为“改变”，与句意不符，故排除。解析：M 考点 考查名词。 空格前为形容词American，再由之前的不定冠词an可知，空格处应填可数名词的单数。结合句意“红肉曾经是最受欢迎的用餐选择，但现在已不再是美国人的
29、 -|_|-”以及前文的most popular可知，M项favorite最适合，在此处用作名词，意为“最喜爱的食物”。解析：G 考点 考查动词。 空格所在定语从句缺少谓语，空格前为关系代词which，之后为名词短语high levels of.，因此空格处应填第三人称单数形式的动词。结合句意“这可能是因为人们意识到了食用 -|_|-高胆固醇或动物脂肪的食物的危害”和选项可知，G项contains“包含”最适合，故选G。解析：L 考点 考查名词。 空格前为动词现在分词eating，再由之前的形容词性物主代词their可知，空格处应填名词。结合句意“美国人还改变了饮食 -|_|-来满足不同场合的
30、需求”和选项可知，L项patterns“方式”最适合，故为答案。解析：O 考点 考查形容词。 空格前为动宾结构make them，由动词make的用法可知，空格处应填形容词、动词原形或名词。结合句意“他们知道哪些食物会增强自己的运动能力使自己在商务会谈中 -|_|-”和选项可知，O项alert“思维敏捷的”最适合，故选O；A项alter为O项alert的形近词，但它意为“改变”，与句意不符，故排除。解析：H 考点 考查名词。 空格前为介词in，因此空格处应填名词。该处句意为“成人选择富含 -|_|-的食物，如早餐选择面包和谷物”，根据常识可判断，面包和谷物显然纤维含量丰富，故H项fiber“纤
31、维”最适合，故为答案。解析：D 考点 考查名词。 空格前为所有格形式Americans，之后为介词of，因此空格处应填名词。结合句意“由于美国人对营养的 -|_|-、口味和需求的变化导致他们消费大量不同的食物”和选项可知，D项awareness“认识”最适合，故选D；consciousness也常与介词of连用，有“意识；知觉”之意，不符合题意，故排除。解析：K 考点 考查连词 由上题可知此处是作伴随状语，表示美国人消费大量不同的食物的原因，空格处应填一个连词或者非谓语动词。综观选项，K项along与with为固定搭配，表示“连同着”的意思，符合题意；而C项companied应与by搭配才能表
32、示“伴随着，陪伴着”的意思，不符合此处语法要求，可排除。Aaccumulates Bveiled Cfascinating Dpasture Eprocedure Fbarren Gterminating Hendure Imoisture Jsecondary Kstimulates Llodged Mtexture Nbrief Omachine The forest from which man takes his timber is the tallest and most impressive plant community on earth. In terms of mans 11
33、 life it appears permanent and unchanging, save for the seasonal growth and fall of the leaves, but to foresters it represents the climax of a long succession of events. No wooded landscape we see today has been forest for all time. Plants have minimum requirements for temperature and 12 and, in age
34、s past, virtually every part of earths surface has at some time been either too dry or too cold for plants to survive. However, as soon as climatic conditions change in favor of plant life, a(n) 13 sequence of changes occurs, called a primary succession. First to colonize the 14 lands are the lowly
35、lichens, surviving on bare rock. Slowly, the acids produced by these organisms crack the rock surface, plant debris 15 , and mosses establish a shallow roothold. Ferns may follow and, with short grasses and shrubs, gradually form a covering of plant life. Roots probe even deeper into the developing
36、soil and eventually large shrubs give way to the first trees. These grow rapidly, cutting off sunlight from the smaller plants, and soon establish complete domination closing their ranks and forming a climax community which may 16 for thousands of years. Yet even this community is not everlasting. F
37、ire may destroy it outright and settlers may cut it down to gain land for 17 or cultivation. If the land is then abandoned, a(n) 18 succession will take over, developing much faster on the more hospitable soil. Shrubs and trees are among the early invaders, their seeds carried by the wind, by birds
38、and 19 in the coats of mammals. For as long as it stands and thrives, the forest is a vast 20 , storing energy and many elements essential for life.（分数：25.00）解析：N 考点 考查形容词。 空格前为形容词性物主代词mans，空格后为名词life，因此空格处应填入形容词、动词的过去分词或名词作定语。结合句意“对于人类 -|_|-生命来说，森林似乎是永恒不变的”和选项，可知N项最适合，brief意为“短暂的”。解析：I 考点 考查名词。 空格前
39、为并列连词and，因此空格处应填入和temperature并列的名词。结合选项以及空格后紧接着提到的以前过干、过冷的土地不适合植物生存，可知I项最适合，moisture意为“湿度”。解析：C 考点 考查形容词。 上文提到，以前地球上所有的地方都有不适合植物生长的时候；该句则指出，“然而，一旦气候条件发生的改变有利于植物的生长，一系列 -|_|-的改变就会发生”。结合下文对这一系列改变的描述和选项，可知C项最适合，fascinating意为“吸引人的”。解析：F 考点 考查形容词。 空格前为定冠词the，空格后为名词lands，因此空格处应填入形容词、动词的过去分词或名词作定语。结合句意“首先在
40、 -|_|-土地大量生长的是地衣，它们在赤裸的岩石上生存”和选项，可知F项最适合，barren意为“贫瘠的”。解析：A 考点 考查动词。 空格所在分句缺少谓语，再根据分句主语plant debris可知空格处应填入动词第三人称单数。结合句意“渐渐地，这些有机体产生的酸使岩石表面裂开，植物残片 -|_|-，苔藓浅浅地扎了根”和选项，可知A项最适合，accumulates意为“积聚”。解析：H 考点 考查动词。 空格前为情态动词may，因此空格处应填入动词原形。结合句意“形成一个可以 -|_|-几千年的高级生物群落”和选项，可知H项最适合，endure意为“持续”。解析：D 考点 考查名词。 空格
41、后为并列连词or，因此空格处应填入和cultivation并列的名词。结合选项，可知D项最适合，pasture意为“牧场”。解析：J 考点 考查形容词。 空格所在句意为“如果这块土地被废弃，一个 -|_|-过程就会接替进行，在更适宜的土壤上发展得更快。”上文已描述了一个发展过程，且根据第二段末尾的a primary succession“初级演替”可知此处是指第二个演替过程，因此J项最适合，secondary意为“第二的”。解析：L 考点 考查动词。 空格前为并列连词and，因此空格处应填入和carried并列的动词过去分词。结合句意“灌木丛和树木是早期的入侵者，其种子由风和鸟类携带，并 -|
42、_|-在哺乳动物的皮毛中”和选项，可知L项最适合，lodged意为“暂存”。解析：O 考点 考查名词。 空格前为形容词vast，再由之前的不定冠词a可知，空格处应填入单数可数名词。结合句意“森林只要存在并茁壮成长，就像一个巨大的 -|_|-，存储生命所必需的能源和很多成分”和选项，可知O项最适合，machine意为“机器”。A. disregarding B. considering C. for which D. which E. choices F. ideal G. Moreover H. perfect I. therefore J. competent K. drift L. fle
43、xible M. float N. requirements O. risks Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, the choice of an occupation should be made even before the choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, most people make several job choices during their working lives, partly beca
44、use of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve their position. The one 21 job does not exist. Young people should 22 enter a broad 23 training program that will fit them for a field of work rather than for a single job. Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans without
45、the benefit of help from a 24 vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing little about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss basis. Some 25 from job to job. Others stick to work in which they are unhappy and 26 they are not fitted. One c
46、ommon mistake is choosing an occupation for its real or imagined prestige. Too many high-school studentsor their parents for themchoose the professional field, 27 both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal 28 . The imagined or r
47、eal prestige of a profession or a white-collar job is no good reason for choosing it as lifes work. 29 , these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the majority of young people should give serious consideration to these fields. Bef
48、ore making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants out of life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security; others are willing to take 30 for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its（分数：25.0
