1、专业英语四级分类模拟280及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)A. excessively B. collectively C. positive D. automate E. adoption F. embed G. respective H. pollutants I. degradation J. neutralize K. pervasive L. additive M. baffle N. bind O. available What if clothing was more than just an accessor
2、y? The green movement is not new to fashion, and many designers and manufacturers have been actively seeking out ways to ensure their garments have less of an environmental impact. But what if your clothes were actually able to have a 1 impact on the environment? This vision is one shared by the two
3、 founders of Catalytic Clothing(触媒服装): Professor Tony Ryan, a scientist from the University of Sheffield, and Professor Helen Storey, a designer and artist from the London College of Fashion. Together they are working on a project that draws on the growing field of nanotechnology(纳米技术) to create a f
4、abric 2 that can break down pollutants in the air. In a sense, its a recycling of an existing technology that exists in toothpaste and sunscreen, Professor Storey explains. The additive contains nanoparticles of titanium dioxide which act as a catalyst (触媒剂；催化剂). When light hits these particles, the
5、y react with oxygen to make what is essentially a peroxide(过氧化物) bleach. This in turn reacts with air 3 such as nitric oxide and breaks them down. While this technology could be used to create an entirely new fabric, Professor Ryan thinks that it has greater potential as an additive. It only needs t
6、o be on the surface, he says. You dont 4 it in the fibers, and that means that its really easy to upgrade existing fabrics with the technology. We think the best way to do this is via the laundry, because everyone washes their clothes. Jeans have been a particular focus of Catalytic Clothing, both b
7、ecause they are widely prevalent as well as that the particles 5 especially well to cotton denim. And while the amount of air pollutants broken down by any one individual wearing catalyzed jeans is minor, 6 , we can have a huge impact on the quality of the air and therefore respiratory health, Store
8、y says. According to Ryan, 4 people wearing catalyzed jeans in a day would 7 the nitric oxide air pollution created by one car. The future might be one in which this pollution-busting fabric additive is so 8 that we no longer give it a second thought, like fluoride(氟化物) in tap water. Though at the m
9、oment its not commercially 9 , Ryan estimates that it could be with in a year or class. Catalytic Clothing is aiming for mass 10 . The day is near when well be able to make our clothes work for us in more ways than one.（分数：25.00）A. mysterious B. collaboration C. bound D. candidly E. similarly F. opt
10、imum G. rumble H. outlive I. moment J. scramble K. contested L. speculations M. literary N. compensate O. abbreviation Phew, what a relief. It seems that the Royal Shakespeare Company and Shakespeares Globe wont have to change their names any time soon. The squabble so beloved by academics, conspira
11、cy (阴谋) theorists and Hollywood film-makerswhich only surfaced in the mid-19th century but continues to 11 onover the authorship of Shakespeares plays, may finally be called to a halt by a new book. In Shakespeare Beyond Doubt, leading scholars organize the arguments and evidence to prove that Shake
12、speare really did write Shakespeares plays. It puts paid to 12 that Shakespeare was the Earl of Oxford (as suggested by the movie Anonymous), or Christopher Marlowe or Francis Bacon, or even Queen Elizabeth when she was having a day off from running the country. Great. That means the rest of us can
13、just go on seeing and enjoying the astonishing plays, which may have 13 authorship, but which are constantly revealing in their examination of what it means to be human. Except that it wont. The arguments, between those who want to rewrite 14 history and those who dont, will keep going, constantly f
14、ueled by any kind of conspiracy theorythe madder the betterand the fact that there is now so much money, and so many academic careers, 15 up in the Shakespeare industry. There is a 16 in Alan Bennetts play Kafkas Dick when one of the characters, Sydney, admits hed much rather read about writers than
15、 read what they write. His wife, Lynda, is 17 uninterested in the poems of WH Auden, but alights on juicy tidbits(趣闻) about the poet including his preference for not wearing underpants. It sometimes seems as if the 18 authorship debate around Shakespeares plays is full of Sydneys and Lyndaspeople fo
16、r whom the life of the writer is infinitely more important than the works themselves. The plays are what count and they will 19 the debate, no matter whose name is on the title page, whether written alone or in 20 , and whether someone can definitively prove whether the author was wearing underpants
17、 or not. So it should be, because the plays the thing.（分数：25.00）A. lengthy B. transformation C. absorption D. bursting E. combat F. permanently G. appreciable H. manipulate I. transparent J. deliberately K. bestow L. imperfections M. recyclable N. neutralization O. corrode The Stone Age, the Iron Ag
18、e. Entire epochs have been named for materials. So what to call the decades ahead? The choice will be tough. Welcome to the Age of Superstuff. Material scienceonce the least sexy technologyis 21 with new, practical discoveries led by superconducting ceramics (超导陶瓷) that may revolutionize electronics
19、. But superconductors are just part of the picture: from house and cars to cook pots and artificial teeth, the world will someday be made of different stuff. Exotic plastics, glass and ceramics will shape the future just as surely as have genetic engineering and computer science. The key to the new
20、materials is researchers increasing ability to 22 substances at the molecular level. Ceramics, for example, have long been limited by their brittleness. But by minimizing the microscopic 23 that cause it, scientists are making far stronger ceramics that still retain such qualities as hardness and he
21、at resistance. Ford Motor Co. now uses ceramic tools to cut steel. A firm called Kyocera has created a line of ceramic scissors and knives that stay sharp for years and never rust or 24 . A similar 25 has overtaken plastics. High-strength polymers now form bridges, ice-skating rinks and helicopter r
22、otors. And one new plastic that generates electricity when vibrated or pushed is used in electric guitars, touch sensors for robot hands and karate jackets(空手道外衣) that automatically record each punch and chop. Even plastic litter, which once threatened to 26 blot the landscape, has proved amenable t
23、o molecular tinkering. Several manufacturers now make biodegradable forms; some plastic six-pack rings for example, gradually decompose when exposed to sunlight. Researchers are developing ways to make plastics as 27 as metal or glass. Besides, composites-plastic reinforced with fibers of graphite o
24、r other compoundsmade the round-the-world flight of the voyager possible and have even been proved in 28 : a helmet saved an infantrymans life by deflecting two bullets in the Grenada invasion. Some advanced materials are old standard with a new twist. The newest fiberoptic cable that carry telephon
25、e calls cross-country are made of glass so 29 that a piece of 100 miles thick is clearer than a standard window pane. But new materials have no impact until they are made into products. And that transition could prove difficult, for switching requires 30 research and investment. It can be said a fir
26、mer handle on how to move to commercialization will determine the success or failure of a country in the near future.（分数：25.00）A. obligation B. occurs C. significant D. prior E. available F. approach G. preferences H. implies I. contribution J. distribution K. primarily L. convert M. automatically N
27、. qualify O. overall To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated 31 on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on persuasive salesmanship to move as much of these
28、 goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then 32 them into money. Marketing, on the other hand, 33 that emphasis is placed on the wants of consumers. It begins with analyzing the 34 and demands of consumers and then producing goods that
29、will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer 35 is known as the marketing concept. It simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easier to produce, the makers first try to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it 36 for purchase. Every stepdesign, production, 3
30、7 , promotionis made according to consumer demand. This concept does not mean that consumer satisfaction is 38 over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business activitythe firm and the consumerand each must be satisfied before trade 39 Successful merchants and producers, howeve
31、r, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding customers. When Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink in mid-1985, the non-acceptance by a 40 portion of the public brought about a quick restoration of the Classic Coke. This is a good example of the importance of satisfying
32、consumers.（分数：25.00）专业英语四级分类模拟280答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)A. excessively B. collectively C. positive D. automate E. adoption F. embed G. respective H. pollutants I. degradation J. neutralize K. pervasive L. additive M. baffle N. bind O. available What if clothing was more th
33、an just an accessory? The green movement is not new to fashion, and many designers and manufacturers have been actively seeking out ways to ensure their garments have less of an environmental impact. But what if your clothes were actually able to have a 1 impact on the environment? This vision is on
34、e shared by the two founders of Catalytic Clothing(触媒服装): Professor Tony Ryan, a scientist from the University of Sheffield, and Professor Helen Storey, a designer and artist from the London College of Fashion. Together they are working on a project that draws on the growing field of nanotechnology(
35、纳米技术) to create a fabric 2 that can break down pollutants in the air. In a sense, its a recycling of an existing technology that exists in toothpaste and sunscreen, Professor Storey explains. The additive contains nanoparticles of titanium dioxide which act as a catalyst (触媒剂；催化剂). When light hits t
36、hese particles, they react with oxygen to make what is essentially a peroxide(过氧化物) bleach. This in turn reacts with air 3 such as nitric oxide and breaks them down. While this technology could be used to create an entirely new fabric, Professor Ryan thinks that it has greater potential as an additi
37、ve. It only needs to be on the surface, he says. You dont 4 it in the fibers, and that means that its really easy to upgrade existing fabrics with the technology. We think the best way to do this is via the laundry, because everyone washes their clothes. Jeans have been a particular focus of Catalyt
38、ic Clothing, both because they are widely prevalent as well as that the particles 5 especially well to cotton denim. And while the amount of air pollutants broken down by any one individual wearing catalyzed jeans is minor, 6 , we can have a huge impact on the quality of the air and therefore respir
39、atory health, Storey says. According to Ryan, 4 people wearing catalyzed jeans in a day would 7 the nitric oxide air pollution created by one car. The future might be one in which this pollution-busting fabric additive is so 8 that we no longer give it a second thought, like fluoride(氟化物) in tap wat
40、er. Though at the moment its not commercially 9 , Ryan estimates that it could be with in a year or class. Catalytic Clothing is aiming for mass 10 . The day is near when well be able to make our clothes work for us in more ways than one.（分数：25.00）解析：C解析 根据句子结构可知，空格处缺少一个形容词。上文的.many designers and ma
41、nufacturers have been actively seeking out ways to ensure their garments have less of an environmental impact与空格所在句子由but连接，由此可推知本句句意应为“但是如果你的服装真的能够给环境带来积极的影响，那又会怎么样?”备选项中的positive“积极的”符合，故选C。解析：L解析 根据句子结构可知，空格处缺少一个名词。该句句意为“他们正在合作开展一个项目，采用纳米技术的最新成果，研制出一种可以分解空气中污染物的布料”。由此可推测这是一种布料(纤维)添加剂，备选项中的additive
42、“添加剂”符合，故选L。解析：H解析 根据句子结构可知，空格处缺少一个名词。由空格后的such as nitric oxide“一氧化氮”可知，空格处说的是空气污染物，备选项中pollutants“污染物”符合，故选H。解析：F解析 根据句子结构可知，空格处缺少一个动词。由空格所在句上文提到的“它仅仅需要附着在表面上”可推知，本句话的意思应为“不用把这种添加剂嵌入到布料中”，备选项中的embed“把嵌入”符合，故选F。解析：N解析 根据句子结构可知，空格处缺少一个动词。as well as连接的前半部分they are widely prevalent“它们广泛流行”是这种添加剂的优点之一，由
43、此可推知后半部分应该也是其优点“这种添加剂颗粒与牛仔裤的棉质布料结合得尤其好”，备选项中的bind“(使)结合”符合句意，故选N。解析：B解析 根据句子结构可知，空格处缺少一个作插入语的副词。由上文的.while the amount of air pollutants broken down by any one individual wearing catalyzed jeans is minor可推知，本句句意应为“穿的人多了就可以极大地影响空气质量”，备选项中的collectively“共同地，全体地”符合句意，故选B。解析：J解析 根据句子结构可知，空格处缺少一个动词，且应为动词原形
44、。由上文可知，这种布料制成的牛仔裤可以分解空气中的污染物，故本句句意应为“如果四个人穿一天这种含有催化剂的牛仔裤，那么就可以分解一辆汽车所产生的一氧化氮空气污染物”。备选项中的neutralize“(用化学品)中和，使成为中性”与句意相吻合，故选J。解析：K解析 根据空格前的is so和空格后的that可知，空格处缺少一个形容词。由空格所在句下文中的that we no longer give it a second thought, like fluoride in tap water可推知，如同我们在自来水中使用氟化物一样，这种分解污染的布料添加剂将变得很普遍，备选项中的pervasive
45、“普遍的，无处不在的”符合句意，故选K。解析：O解析 根据句子结构可知，空格处缺少一个形容词。根据上下文可知，目前该产品还处在研究阶段，还没有被大众消费者所接受，也就是还没有进行商业销售，备选项中的available“可获得的，可用的”符合句意，故选O。解析：E解析 根据句子结构可知，空格处缺少一个名词。结合上文的like fluoride in tap water可推知，触媒服装正在努力使大众接受并采用这项技术。备选项中的adoption“采纳，接受”可以与空格前的mass搭配，表示“大规模使用，被公众接受”，故选E。A. mysterious B. collaboration C. bou
46、nd D. candidly E. similarly F. optimum G. rumble H. outlive I. moment J. scramble K. contested L. speculations M. literary N. compensate O. abbreviation Phew, what a relief. It seems that the Royal Shakespeare Company and Shakespeares Globe wont have to change their names any time soon. The squabble
47、 so beloved by academics, conspiracy (阴谋) theorists and Hollywood film-makerswhich only surfaced in the mid-19th century but continues to 11 onover the authorship of Shakespeares plays, may finally be called to a halt by a new book. In Shakespeare Beyond Doubt, leading scholars organize the argument
48、s and evidence to prove that Shakespeare really did write Shakespeares plays. It puts paid to 12 that Shakespeare was the Earl of Oxford (as suggested by the movie Anonymous), or Christopher Marlowe or Francis Bacon, or even Queen Elizabeth when she was having a day off from running the country. Gre
49、at. That means the rest of us can just go on seeing and enjoying the astonishing plays, which may have 13 authorship, but which are constantly revealing in their examination of what it means to be human. Except that it wont. The arguments, between those who want to rewrite 14 history and those who dont, will keep going, constantly fueled by any kind of conspirac
