1、2018年山东省济宁市中考真题英语二、阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每小题A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出能回答所提问题的最佳答案。AMaps are pictures of places. You must have seen a map of the world, of your home countryand even of your home city. They show us towns, cities, roads, parks, schools, hospitals, andmore.There are also many other types(类型) of maps. Each g
2、ives a special kind of information.There are street maps, tourist maps, and even maps of the air and sea.Here is a simple road map. 1. Which is the biggest town on the map?A. Greenton.B. Bluetown.C. Smalltown.D. Bigtow.解析：句意：地图上最大的城镇是哪个？通过图例发现空心圆圈是“large town”（大城镇），找到对应的地名是“Greentown”，故选A。答案：A2. If
3、you drive from Smalltown to Bluetown, which is the best way to choose?A. M3B. M13.C. M23 D. R67解析：句意：如果你从Smalltown开车到Bluetown，最好选择哪条路？在地图上找到Smalltown和Bluetown两个地方，发现连接两地的有两条路线M13和R67，从图例中看出实心细线表示“Road”（道路），虚线表示“Rough Track”（崎岖小路），故如果驾车最好选择M13道路，故选B。 答案：B3. What does the writer mainly want to tell us
4、?A. Ways to choose maps.B. Ways to read maps.C. Some types of maps.D. The importance of maps.解析：句意：作者主要想告诉我们什么？选项A.选择地图的方法。选项B.阅读地图的方法。选项C.一些类型的地图。选项D.地图的重要性。本文主要是在介绍地图，用地图能看到什么，地图能表示什么，并通过一副地图形象地说明了这点，所以主题是关于“地图的重要性”的，没有提到如何选择地图，没有提到如何阅读地图，也没对地图的类型进行介绍，故选D。答案：D BIts that time of the year-graduation
5、. The end of school year is nearly in sight, and its anespecially big deal if youre finishing high school or college.One amazing 16-year-old Florida girl, Grace Bush, graduated from both high school andcollege this week! She actually got her college diploma before her high school diploma. How didshe
6、 manage to do that?Hard work and great attention, she told a local TV news station, have made me succeed indoing high school and college at the same time. She started taking college courses when she wasjust 13. She would often get up at 5: 30 a m. and go to bed after 11: 00 p. m.Doing both at the sa
7、me time is a huge achievement, and it has also helped her family savemoney. Shes one of the 9 children, all home-schooled until the age of 13. Her father is a mathprofessor while her mother is a part-time history teacher in a high school. Grace Bush has earnedher college degree in law, with a nearly
8、 perfect GPAof 3.8 and she hopes to become a lawyer one day, although her parents expect her to teach at university. By the way. she also played basketballin her college team in her spare time.4. In what way is Grace amazing?A. She is a 16-year-old Florida girlB. She finished high school this week.C
9、. She worked very hard at her lessons every day.D. She graduated from both high school and college at 16.解析：句意：格蕾丝“惊人的”地方是什么？选项A.她是一名16岁的佛罗里达女孩。选项B.她本周上完高中。选项C.她每天都在努力学习她的课程。选项D.她16岁毕业于高中和大学。原文“One amazing 16-year-old Florida girl, Grace Bush, graduated from both highschool and college this week!”（一
10、位出色的16岁佛罗里达女孩Grace，Grace本周毕业于高中和大学！），从这里知道她“令人惊异”的地方在于16岁同时从高中和大学毕业，故选D。答案：D 5. Which picture might Graces diploma look like? 解析：句意：哪张图片可能是Graces的文凭的样子？仔细观察图片，可以发现选项A像是一本护照（passport），选项B是一本字典（dictionary），选项C就是文凭，毕业证书（certificateof graduation, diploma），选项D是驾照“drivers license”。Grace毕业后获得的自然是毕业证书，故选C。答
11、案：C6. What is the key to graces success?A. Taking college courses at 13.B. Working hard at her courses.C. Growing up in a professors family.D. Having a dream of becoming a teacher.解析：句意：Grace成功的关键是什么？选项A.在13岁上大学课程。选项B.努力学习她的课程。选项C.在教授家庭长大。选项D.梦想成为一名教师。原文“Hard work and great attention, have made me s
12、ucceed in doing high school and college at the same time.”（勤奋和高度注意，使我成功地同时学习高中和大学的内容。）说明成功的秘诀在于“努力学习”，故选B。答案：B7. Which of the following is TRUE according to the last paragraph?A. The Bushes have 13 children altogether.B. Graces mother is a full-time history teacher.C. Grace wants to teach at univers
13、ity in the future.D. Grace received her education at home before 13.解析：句意：根据最后一段，以下哪项是对的？选项A. Bush一家一共有13个孩子。选项B. Graces的母亲是一位全职历史老师。选项C. Grace希望未来在大学教书。选项D. Grace在13岁前在家接受了教育。原文“Shes one of the 9 children”说明家里一共9个孩子，故A错。原文“her mother is a part-time history teacher”说明她的妈妈是一位兼职的历史老师，不 是全职，故B错。选项C未提及，
14、错误。原文“all home-schooled until the age of 13.”（直到13岁的她在家学习），选项D正确，故选D。答案：D CInAmerica, boys and girls often join clubs. The members of a club work together. They alsolearn certain skills and share good times.Many boys belong to Boy Scouts. Boy scouts enjoy hiking and camping out together, and they le
15、arn many things. Scouts learn safety rules, first aid, and what to do when in danger.Members have a chance to learn outdoor living. They learn to build fires and cook out in the open.Girl Scouts and Camp Fire Girls are clubs for girls. These two clubs give their members achance to have fun and learn
16、. The girls in a group take trips, have parties and go hiking andcamping together. The Camp Fire Girls earn honor beads(荣誉珠) for learning such skills asswimming and cooking. The Girl Scouts earn badges(徽章).Both boys and girls can be members of 4-h clubs, Children who live in either the city or theco
17、untry may belong to 4-h. Aproject such as raising a pig or a calf can be carried on only by farmchildren, while city children can take part in gardening and cooking projects.In all these clubs the boys and girls learn to be good and useful citizens.8. Why do boys and girls join clubs according to th
18、e passage?A. To make their parents happy.B. To earn honor beads and badges. C. To learn skills and share good times.D. To enjoy hiking and camping out.解析：句意：根据这篇文章，为什么男孩女孩加入俱乐部？选项A.让父母高兴。选项B.获得荣誉珠和徽章。选项C.学习技巧并共享美好时光。选项D.享受远足和露营。原文“They alsolearn certain skills and share good times.”（他们也学习某些技能并共享美好时光
19、。）得出他们参加俱乐部的原因。故选C。答案：C9. What does Para. 2 mainly talk about?A. What to do when in danger.B. Some activities of Boy Scouts.C. What Boy Scouts really enjoy.D. Some skills about outdoor living. 解析：句意：第二段主要讲什么？选项A.遇到危险时应该怎么做。选项B.童子军的一些活动。选项C.童子军真正喜欢什么。选项D.关于户外生活的一些技巧。第二段主要讲在童子军中的男生的相关情况，原文“Boy scouts
20、enjoy hiking and camping out together,”（童子军喜欢徒步旅行和一起露营），后面进行了补充说明，所以这一段主要是在描述童子军喜欢的内容是什么？即（徒步旅行和野营），故选C。答案：C10. What can we know from Para. 3?A. In America there are many clubs for girls.B. Camp Fire Girls is quite popular inAmerica.C. Girls can go hiking and camping with the boys.D. Girls are encou
21、raged to learn swimming and cooking.解析：句意：我们可以从笫三段中得知什么？选项A.在美国有为女孩设立的俱乐部。选项B. Camp Fire Girls在美国颇受欢迎。选项C.女孩可以和男孩一起去远足、露营。选项D.鼓励女孩学习游泳和烹饪。原文“Girl Scouts and Camp Fire Girls are clubs for girls.”说明美国是有为女生设立的俱乐部的，A正确。选项B未提及，不正确。这两种俱乐部男孩不参加，故C错误，选项D无中生有，没有提到女孩“被鼓励去学习游泳和烹饪，故选A。 答案：A11. What is the passa
22、ge mainly about?A. Members of 4-h clubs inAmerica.B. Clubs for boys and girls inAmerica.C. Different kinds of clubs inAmerica.D. Children who are interested in clubs.解析：句意：这篇文章主要是关于什么？选项A.美国4小时俱乐部的会员。选项B.美国为男孩和女孩设立的俱乐部。选项C.美国不同类型的俱乐部。选项D.对俱乐部感兴趣的孩子。这篇文章主要是在讨论俱乐部，尤其是讨论为男孩女孩设立的俱乐部，并举了几个案例，其它选项不完整，不具有概
23、括性，故选B。答案：B DInventions make our life easier and better than before. What are the best inventions of lastyear? Here are three amazing things in Time magazines list of the 25 best inventions of 2017.Smart mugIts hard to keep coffee or tea warm, especially in winter. But this smart mug from UScompany
24、Ember Technologies can solve this problem. There is an app for the mug that allowspeople to set the mug to a certain temperature between 48C and 62C. Then, the mug keeps yourcoffee or tea at that temperature for about an hour, and even longer if you put the mug on acharging（充电）plate. Social robot Ca
25、n robots talk to us like humans? Jibo, a robot made by US companyJibo Inc, can do this. With a big, round head and a big body, Jibo looks like a cartoon character.And its voice sounds like a 10-year-old boy.As soon as you say Hey, Jibo, it dances and turnsto face you. When it talks to you, it moves
26、its head and body to communicate with you. Itsappearance, tone of voice and humor make you feel that you have a little friend Jibo is able to tellstories to children, take pictures just by hearing your order Jibo, take a picture, and do hundredsof other jobs.Although its creators think that Jibo sti
27、ll has a lot to learn, its available with a priceof $ 899; a good price for a pretty smart and friendly robot! Fidget spinnerWhat is the most popular toy this year? The answer is probably fidget spinners. They aresmall plastic or metal toys with a bearing(滚珠轴承）in the middle. The toys can keep turnin
28、garound on your fingertip for a few minutes after you start them. Once they are turning, you can put them on any other flat surface, such as a ruler or even thenose of a pet dog. This toy is very popular among young people around the world. Some peoplesay that it helps them calm down and relax. But
29、it may not be a good thing to spend too muchtime playing with it.12. Why is the smart mug special?A. Its not easy to get broken in winter.B. It can heat coffee or tea up to 48 C. C. It can solve many difficult problems.D. It has an app to control the temperature.解析：句意：为什么智能杯很特别？选项A.冬天不容易破碎。选项B.可以将咖啡
30、或茶加热至48。选项C.它可以解决许多难题。选项D.它有一个应用程序可以用来控制温度。原文 “There is an app for the mug that allows people to set the mug to a certain temperature between48C and 62C.”（有一个针对这种杯子的应用程序，可以让人们将杯子的温度设置在48C和62C之间的某个温度。），其他选项未提及，不正确，故选D。答案：D13. What does the underlined sentence mean?A. Jibo is not perfect yet but worth
31、 buying.B.Although Jibo is cheap, its not worth buying.C.Although Jibo is expensive, it is worth the money.D. The creators have to learn a lot to make Jibo perfect.解析：句意：划线句子是什么意思？选项A. Jibo并不完美，但值得购买。选项B.虽然Jibo便宜，但不值得购买。选项C.虽然Jibo价格昂贵，但它是值这个价格。选项D.创造者必须学习很多才能使Jibo完美。原文划线句的意思是“虽然它的创作者认为对于Jibo仍然有很 多需要
32、学习的东西，但它的售价899美元是可以的；对于这样一个非常聪明和友好的机器人，这是一个好价钱！”说明虽然机器人不那么完美，但是值得购买，值得上那个价格，故选A。答案：A14. What is a fidget spinner used for?A. Having fun.B. Cleaning finger.C. Doing homework.D.Answering questions.解析：句意：指尖陀螺是用于什么的？选项A.玩的开心。选项B.清洁手指。选项C.做作业。选项D.回答问题。原文“What is the most popular toy this year?”（本年度最流行的玩具
33、是什么？），加之本段中多次提到“toy”一词，足以说明指尖陀螺是一种玩具，是用来玩的，故选A。 答案：A15. Whats the best title for the whole text?A. Inventions and our life. B. Time magazines list.C. Best inventions of 2017.D. Mugs, robots and toys.解析：句意：本文最佳标题是什么？选项A.发明和我们的生活。选项B.时代杂志列表。选项C. 2017年的最佳发明。选项D.马克杯，机器人和玩具。本文按照顺序介绍了2017年的3种最佳发明，其它选项表意不明
34、确，不能完全概括文章，故选C。答案：C四、单词拼写与运用根据句意完成已给出首字母或汉语提示的单词，使补全后的句子意思通，语法正确。16. In the north of China, leaves usually fall down when a_ comes.解析：句意：在中国北方，叶子通常会在秋天来临时掉下来。大树落叶通常是发生在秋天的时候，故这里填季节“秋天，即”“autumn”。 答案：autumn17.Ap_ at a school is a place for students to play and do sports.解析：句意：学校的操场是学生玩耍和做运动的地方。通过后句的描
35、述知道这是一个学校里可以用来玩耍和运动的地方，结合首字母，得出是“操场”（playground）。答案：playground18. In China more and more people r_ shared bikes to and from work.解析：句意：在中国，越来越多的人骑共享自行车上下班。“ride bikes”为“骑自行车”，这里是“ride shared bikes”（骑共享单车），表示的是一种常态，使用一般现在时即可，故填“ride”。答案：ride19. Dont worry about the children. They are old enough to lo
36、ok after t_. 解析：句意：别担心孩子。他们年龄已经足够大，能够照顾他们自己了。“look after sb”是“照看某人”，这里是说孩子已经够大了，能够照顾“他们自己”了，故这里填反身代词“themselves”。答案：themselves20. People often fly kites on sunny and _（多风）days解析：句意：人们经常在阳光和多风的时候放风筝。“多风的”为“cloudy”，做形容词修饰“days”，故填“cloudy”。答案：windy21. Its a good habit to brush your_（牙齿）after a meal.解析：
37、句意：饭后刷牙是个好习惯。“刷牙”是“brush teeth”，刷的不止一颗牙齿，需要使用复数（teeth），故填“teeth”。 答案：teeth22. The stamp I bought yesterday_（花费）me 20 yan.解析：句意：我昨天买的那张邮票花了我20英镑。“某物花费某人多少钱”是“sth cost(s) sb+钱数”，从“The stamp I bought yesterday”看得出邮票是昨天买的，故句子谓语需要使用 一般过去时，是“过去花费”的，故这里填cost。答案：cost23. When we left, the kids said goodbye t
38、o us_（礼貌）.解析：句意：当我们离开时，孩子们礼貌地告别了我们。这里的“礼貌”是用于修饰“说再见”这个动作的，表示“礼貌地说再见”，需要使用副词，故这里填“politely”。答案：politely五、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。AThere were many people on a bus.An old man _24_(look) here and there. He wantedto find _25_ empty seat. Then he saw one and went to it. Asmall bag was on the s
39、eat.And a young man was beside it.“Is this seat empty? ” asked the old man. No, its _26_ an old woman. She went to buy some bananas.” said the young man. Well, let me sit here, please. Ill leave here when she _27_(come) back, replied theold man.After a few minutes, the bus started. The old woman _28
40、_(not come), but her bag ishere. Let me give her the bag. Then the old man threw the bag out of the bus window.The young man jumped up and shouted, Dont throw! Its my bag!解析：本文讲了一个年轻人把自己的包放在一个空座上占座不想给一位老人让座的故事，最后老人戳穿了这个年轻人。24.句意：一位老人四处看着。前句点明了本文的时态，所以这里需要使用一般过去时，故填looked。25.句意：他想要找一个空位置。他是一个人，所以想要找的
41、是“一个”空位置，本题填不 定冠词an。26.句意：它是给一位老妇女的。这句话是年轻人的回答，他回答这个座位不是空的，所以是留给某人的，这里用介词“for sb”表示“给某人，为某人”，故填for。27.句意：当她回来的时候我会离开这里的。这句话使用了主将从现，表示“她一回来，我就离开”，故“回来”这个动作在从句中使用一般现在时，填comes。28.句意：老妇女没有来，但是包还在这儿。这句话是在描述现在的状态，使用现在完成时，故填hasnt。答案：24. looked 25. an 26. for 27. comes 28. hasntBASpring Morning This spring
42、morning in bed Im lying,Not to awake till the birds are crying. After one night of wind and showers,How many are the fallen flowers!(Translated by Xu Yuanchong)This poem_29_ (write) by Meng Haoran (689-740), who lived during the TangDynasty. It might be one of the _30_ (famous) Poems about spring in
43、 China. People like toread it _31_they wake up on a spring morning.Meng didnt directly say how much he loved spring. Instead, he wrote about the details(细节）of the season：the birds，wind，rain showers and fallen flowersHis descriptions（描述）ofthese things showed_32_ (we) the joy he felt during springtime
44、.Meng chose to write about the sounds of spring. These sounds allow readers _33_(picture) spring using their own imagination.解析：本文由孟浩然的“春晓”开头，简单讨论了这首诗的主题、人们对它的喜爱以及对这首诗简要的分析。 29.句意：这首诗是由孟浩然写的。“诗”肯定是“被写的”，而且是过去“被写的”，所以要使用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was written。30.句意：它可能是关于中国春天的最著名的诗歌之一。“one of”后要加“形容词的最高级形式”，故这里要用“f
45、amous”的最高级，填most famous。31.句意：人们喜欢在春天的早晨醒来时阅读它。“人们喜欢阅读它”是发生在“他们在早上醒来”的时候，两个动作几乎是同时，使用连词“when”表示“当的时候”，故这里填when。32.句意：他对这些事物的描述向我们展示了他在春日里感受到的快乐。“show sb sth”为“向某人展示某物”，sb在动词后，需要使用宾格，故这里填we的宾格us。33.句意：这些声音让读者可以用自己的想象力来描绘春天。“允许某人做某事”是“allow sbto do sth”，这里是说“允许读者去描绘”，“picture”在这里是动词，故填to picture。答案：29
46、. was written 30. most famous 31. when 32. us 33. to picture 六、完形填空阅读下面短文，从方框中选择适当的词语填空，方框中有两个词语为多余选项。rule, none, again, note, firs,t directly, another, set, out, gave upOne day, a student asked his teacher, what is greed? The teacher didnt answer hisquestion_34_ , but asked the student to walk thro
47、ugh the chocolate factory next to theirschool and pick out the biggest chocolate bar（条、块）he could findBut there was a _35_:as he passed through the factory, he could not turn back.The student went to the chocolate factory.As he walked, he saw a large chocolate bar. Heliked it, but thought he might b
48、e able to find an even bigger one if he kept going. He kept walkingand saw _36_ chocolate bar. This one was a little bigger. But _37_ , he thought hecould find an even bigger one if he kept going. As he neared the end of the factory, he saw fewerchocolate bars, and _38_ of them were as large as the
49、earlier ones. He started to regret hisdecision to keep going. Finally, he _39_. He went back to his teacher empty-handed and explained what had happened.The teacher told him, “ You liked the _40_chocolate bar, but you kept looking for abigger one.And later, you realized that you had given up the best chocolate bar because youthought you could do better. That is called greed.”解析：本文讲了一位老师带一个学生去巧克力工厂，让他步行穿过工厂并沿途可以挑选巧克 力棒，但前提是不能回头，结果最后男孩由于总想着前面的巧克力棒更大而一无所获。老师以此
