1、2012-2013学年江苏盱眙县明祖陵中学八年级下期期末考试英语卷（带解析） 其他 Dr.Jack Todd is very interested in clean water ._【小题 1】 _,so its natural that he is to developer of a small and affordable system(系统） to clean waste water, His “Living Machine can clean wastewater in your home or in your business. _【小题 2】 _ The wastewater go
2、es into a big plastic tank where bacteria(细菌）start to break down the waste.A few days later after it is dealt with, the water is brought into a greenhouse filled with plants and fish.With the help of sunlight, the plants and animals remove more chemicals from the water,making it cleaner,Then the wat
3、er can be reused for washing or bathing _【小题 3】 _ but the water is clean enough for watering the flowing, washing the dog, or even for bathing or swimming. The advantage of this technology is that it is affordable and good for the environment. _【小题 4】 _. It can help to use less fresh water, and it c
4、an help keep the water supply unpolluted. A. If enough homes and businesses use “Living Machines” B. People like to plant trees around their houses C. He is also interested in saving money D. It cannot be used for drinking or cooking E. The “Living Machine” is a system for cleaning wastewater 答案： 【小
5、题 1】 C 【小题 2】 E 【小题 3】 D 【小题 4】 A 试题分析： “Living Machine是 Jack发明的一台净水设备，通过它净化后的水可以用来洗衣服，洗澡 。 【小题 1】根据下文 so its natural that he is to developer of a small and affordable system(系统） to clean waste water可知 Jack准备发明一个小而实惠的净水设备故选 C，对省钱非常感兴趣。 【小题 2】根据下文 The wastewater goes into a big plastic tank where bac
6、teria(细菌） start to break down the waste.可知这个发明的工作原理，故 应介绍它是做什么用的，故选 E。 【小题 3】根据上下文的理解此句介绍的是净化后的水的用途，有选择项的提示可知选择 D，这个水不用用来饮用。 【小题 4】根据语境可知此部分介绍使用 Living Machine”的意义，故选 A。 考点：记事类的阅读 点评：对于此类题型的解答，可以将整个文段首先浏览一遍，大概理解意思。答题过程中，根据所提供的答语或是后文进行作答，同时，做题过程中也可以使用排除法，将选项带到文章中逐一的作答，答完后注意通读检查是否符合逻辑，语义顺畅。 单项选择 * The
7、 lovely girl is from Class6. _ name is Alice. A Her B His C Your D Its 答案： A 试题分析：此句的含义是这个小女孩是六班的，她的名字叫爱丽丝。根据前句的 lovely girl可得知这是一位女孩，可排除 B、 C和 D，又因为第二句 name是个名词，要用形容词性的物主代词来修饰，所以应该用 her。所以本题选 D 考点：形容词性的物主代词。 点评：本题主要考查的是物主代词，所以做本题时，要了解所给词的意思，然后根据题目中的关键词，选择答案：。如本题中的 girl就是关键词。 Can you tell me _ the p
8、rize, Tom Last year 。 A when you got B when did you get C when will you get D when you will get 答案： A 试题分析：此题重点考查宾语从句的时态和语序问题，无论哪种句式结构充当宾语从句都要用陈述句语序，由此我们排除 B和 C；从句的时态要和主句的时态保持一致。又因答语是 last year 说明的是过去时间，故用过去式，故选择 A。 考点：宾语从句的时态和语序问题 点评：宾语从句的考点有三个，其一是引导词，其二是时态其三就是语序。因此要想把握好宾语从句就必须掌握好这三个方面的相关知识点。 Today
9、, computers are really helpful. They _ everywhere. A use B are used C used D were used 答案： B 试题分析：根据语境可知此题考查的是一般现在时的被动语态的基本构成和用法。整个文句的含义是现在电脑非常有用，他们被应用到各个领域，主语是they，电脑，是动作的承受者，并且是习惯性的动作，故用一般现在时的被动语态。主语是复数故选 B。 考点：一般现在时的被动语态。 点评：被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用 “被 ”、“受 ”、
10、 “给 ”等词来表示被动意义。被动语态由 “助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词 ”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变 be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。 I _ Mr. Smith since he moved to Shanghai. A didnt hear from B dont hear from C wont hear from D havent heard from 答案： D 试题分析：现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去 但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或 状态。其构成： have (has
11、) +过去分词。根据语境可知此句的含义是自从史密斯先生来到上海我从来没有受到他的来信。因主语是 I,故用助动词 have not+过去分词 ,故选 D. 考点：现在 完成时的基本构成和用法 . 点评：注意现在完成时和一般过去时两种时态的区分 (1)一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是 助动词have /has +过去分词 。 (2)一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002 等；而现在完成时则常与 just, already, ever, never等副词和 th
12、ese days, this week, since., for.等表示一段时 间的状语连用。 _ is the dictionary Its $22.95 A How old B How long C How thick D How much 答案： D 试题分析：根据语境可知此题考查的是特殊疑问词的使用，由答语 its $22.95询问的是价格，故用 how much来提问，故选择 D。 考点： how引导的特殊疑问句 点评：以 how引导的短语很多并且是考查的重点，常用的有： how often”多长时间一次 ”对在某一特定的时间内进行的动作次数进行提问，其答语一般为“never som
13、etimes usually”等频率副词。 how long“多长时间 ”是询问动作持续的时间，答语通常是表示时间的状语（ two weeks等）前面一般跟介词 for；有时也可以表示长度。 how far “多远 ” 一般指的是一地到另一地的距离 how many 和how much 均可表示 “多少 ”how many 修饰可数名词的复数形式，而 how much 修饰不可数名词，还可以用来询问价格。 May I speak to the headmaster He _ a meeting n ow. Can I take a message A is having B had C has
14、 D will have 答案： A 试题分析：根据语境可知此句的含义是我可以和校长说话吗？其答语是，他正在开会，我可以捎个口信吗？考查的动词的时态，因句中有关键词 now，标明正在进行故用进行时态。主语是 he 故选 A。 考点：现在进行时态的用法 点评：现在进行时表示正在进行的动作，其基本构成是 be+V-ing常用的标志性词语有 now， look， listen等。 I work hard this term, but Peter works much _. A hard B harder C hardest D the hardest 答案： B 试题分析：根据语境可知此句的含义是这
15、个学期我学习非常的用功，而皮特比我还用功。考查的是副词的比较级的基本用法。 hard的比较级是 harder故选择B。 考点：副词的比较级 点评：比较级用在两者之间的相互比较。并且常用 much， even等修饰词来修饰，这是考查此类问题常用的内容。 Mum, must I wash the dishes right now No, you _. A shouldnt B wouldnt C mustnt D neednt 答案： D 试题分析：根据语境可知此句的含义是妈妈，我必须现在洗碗碟吗？其答语是不，没有必要。考查的是以 must引导的一般疑问句的简略回答。根据英语的语法要求可知以 mu
16、st引导的一般疑问句的简略回答，肯定句要用 must，否定句要用 neednt 或 dont have to。有选择项的提示可知选择 D。 考点：固定用法 点评：应熟练掌握英语的习惯表达法，了解中西方文化的差别。 Where were you l ast Saturday I _ in the Capital Museum. A am B will be C was D have been 答案： C 试题分析：根据语境可知此句的含义是上周六你在哪里了 答语是我在首都博物馆。有题干可知考查的是动词的过去时，系动词 be的过去时是 was或 were，因主语是 I故用 was选择 C。 考点：动
17、词的时态 点评：对于考查动词时态的题目首先要根据语境中的时间状语来或其他的相关信息确定到底考查哪种时态。原则是时态必须一致。然后根据具体时态的要求来确定他们的形式。 Lets _ for a walk, shall we A to go B going C go D gone 答案： C 试题分析：根据语境可知此句的含义是让我们一起去散步吧，怎样 考查的是固定句型结构 Lets do sth表示让我们一起做某事，表示的是一种建议。在 Lets的后面跟的是不带 to 的动词不定式，由选择项的提示可知选择 C。 考点：固定句型结构 点评：在实际应用中，动词的现在分词、不定式等逐渐形成了一种比较固定
18、的搭配，这样的句式或者短语应用起来比较简单，平时熟记一些这样的短语或者句式可以省却我们很多的思考时间。 There were only two paintings for sale and he bought _. A all B any C both D some 答案： C 试题分析：根据语境可知此句的含义是这里还有两幅画可以卖，他都买了。考查的是不定代词的基本用法。根据选择项的提示可知表示两个都怎样要用不定代词 both故选 C。 考点：不定代词的用法 点评：不定代词的用法很灵活，既有肯定和否定的区别，也有两者或多者之间的不同，这要根据不同的语境来选择，当然要正确掌握他们之间的不同用法。
19、 Is your father _ home No ， hes working late _ the office. A on B at C of D to 答案： B 试题分析：根据语境可知此句的含义是你爸爸在家吗？不，她正在办公室里工作。此题考查的是介词的用法，固定短语在家要用 at home，在办公室里要用固定短语 at the office，故选 B。 考点：介词的用法 阅读理解 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 Every year, wildfires(野火 ) destroy much forest land. homes are broken down, and thousan
20、ds of people die. smokejumpers are stop helping to stop this. Smokejumpers are a special kind of firefight. they jump from planes into areas that difficult to reach by car or on foot. they race to put out fires as fast as they can. At a fire site, Smokejumpers first examine the land and decide how t
21、o fight the fire. their main goal is to stop fire from spreading. using basic tools such as shovels and axes, smokejumpers clear land of burnable material like plants and other dry material. they carry water with them too, but not much. Although most smokejumpers are men, more women are joining. Mos
22、t important are your weight and height. Smokejumpers in the U.S. for example ,must be 54 to 91 kilograms, so they dont get hurt when they land, or get blown by strong winds. Smokejumpers must be able to live in the wilderness. in Russia ,many smokejumpers know how to find food in the forest and even
23、 make simple furniture from trees. They work is dangerous, the hours are long. But for these firefighters, smokejumpers isnt just a job. They love being able to jump out of planes, fight fires, and live in the forest. As 28-year-old Russian smokejumpers Alexi Tishin says,“This is the best job for th
24、e strong and brave.” 【小题 1】 What are Smokejumpers 【小题 2】 Where do the jump from 【小题 3】 Whats their main goal 【小题 4】 Why should they have proper weight 【小题 5】 Whats needed to be a smokejumpers 答案： 【小题 1】 Smokejumpers are a special kind of firefighter. 【小题 2】 They jump from planes. 【小题 3】 Their main g
25、oal is to stop a fire from spreading. 【小题 4】 Because they wont get hurt when they land ,or get blown by strong winds. 【小题 5】 To be a smokejumper,one needs to have proper height and weight, be able to live in the wilderness and love his/her job. 试题分析： Smokejumpers是特种消防队员，他们会从飞机上很快到达那些通过汽车或步行不能到达的出事领域
26、展开扑救。目的是阻止火势蔓延。大部分的Smokejumpers都是男士，当然也有女士加入进来，他们对身高和体重都有严格的标准。在美国和俄罗斯， Smokejumpers还要进行野外生存的训练。 【小题 1】细节理解题，根据文中语句 “Smokejumpers are a special kind of firefight.”理解可知。 Smokejumpers就是特种消防队员。 【小题 2】细节理解题，根据文中语句 “they jump from planes into areas that difficult to reach by car or on foot. they race to
27、put out fires as fast as they can.”理解可知。他们是从飞机上降落到出事地点。 【小题 3】细节理解题，根据文中语句 “their main goal is to stop fire from spreading.”理解可知。他们的目的就是阻止火势蔓延。 【小题 4】细节理解题，根据文中语句 “Smokejumpers in the U.S. for example ,must be 54 to 91 kilograms, so they dont get hurt when they land, or get blown by strong winds.”理解
28、可知。对体重要求是为了保护他们不会受伤。 【小题 5】理解题，根据文中语句理解可知，要想成为一名合格的Smokejumpers必须要有合格的身高和体重，有野外生存。 考点：记述文的阅读 点评：阅读中注意短文后面的问题 .然后带着问题再读短文 ,找出与答题内容相关语句 ,反复阅读 ,反复分析 ,然后确定答案： .阅读中要善于从短文信息中总结推测出所需答案： ,注意所填答案：与短文中相关语句的关系 ,与相关单词短语的关系 . Reading Oliver JamesAffluenza, I thought about what often happens at home. My 12-year-o
29、ld daughter is in tears.I have so take a test tomorrow. I dont understand any of it, she cries out. After shouting and shutting her door, she calms down enough to go through her notes. The following dry I ask her how the test went and the just says OK,I got a nine. Wow. well done! I say, before she
30、finishes with But I never get a ten! According to James, this obsession with getting top marks has been a bad development, which encourages people to think of education in terms of work and money. To test this, I asked my daughter why she was so worried about her tests. She looked at me as if I was
31、thick. Well, if I dont get good grades, I wont be able to afford nice things like a car and stuff. I was quite surprised, because I dont consider myself a pushy parent. But James suggests and it leaves students feeling failures even if they are very bright. He points to the Danish system（体制） of educ
32、ation as a better model. Creating happy citizens who have good social skills is seen as more important than high achievements at school or the needs of business. For me, I cannot remember the last time I had to work out the area of a circle, recite a Shakespeare poem or grammar rules, yet I have liv
33、ed a happy life. What I really needed to learn at school was how to make polite conversations, or how to avoid getting into debt or how to develop good personality. This is in fact similar to what Oliver James really has in mind. And he is looking for schools where students are encouraged to find an
34、d follow their own interests, something more like Tongjon. Tongjon has been developed in some Korean private schools. It is quite different from the more rigid system of learning things by heart that is used in Korea, and indeed in many other school systems around the world. As the Russian poet Push
35、kin said, Inspiration(灵感） is needed in geometry(几何学）just as much as in poetry ,and inspiration does not come from endlessly revising for tests or getting worried about them . 【小题 1】 What does the writer probably think of his/her daughter A She sets herself a goal too high to reach. B She should be m
36、ore polite to her parents. C She is hard-working but not very bright. D She takes her grades much too seriously. 【小题 2】 What does the word obsessionin paragraph 3 mean A A plain and unavoidable fact. B A satisfied and very proud state. C A practical and widely-used way. D A fixed and often unreasona
37、ble idea. 【小题 3】 What can we infer from the passage A Social skills are as important as high grades. B Interest in grades can shake self-confidence. C The writer regrets not having studied hard at school. D Danish educational system is for very smart students. 【小题 4】 The writer wants to tell us that
38、_. A learning happily is the key to self-development. B top marks may be helpful to increase ones interest. C tests should be improved to give children inspiration. D education should meet ones needs for word and money. 答案： 【小题 1】 D 【小题 2】 D 【小题 3】 B 【小题 4】 A 试题分析： 【小题 1】细节理解题，根据文中语句 “To test this,
39、I asked my daughter why she was so worried about her tests. She looked at me as if I was thick. Well, if I dont get good grades, I wont be able to afford nice things like a car and stuff.”理解可知。女儿对她的学习成绩非常敏感。故选 D。 【小题 2】词义理解题，根据文中语句 “According to James, this obsession with getting top marks has been
40、a bad development, which encourages people to think of education in terms of work and money.”理解可知。此词的含义是迷恋，故选 D。 【小题 3】理解归纳题，根据文中语句理解可知，本文主要内容是过于注重成绩会影响自信，故选 B。 【小题 4】理解归纳题，通读全文可知作者想告诉我们开心的学习对培养自信心很有益处，故选 A。 考点：教育类的阅读 点评：这类文章经常会有较多的生词，但是这些生词对文章并没有实质的影响，考生要抓住主要的细节要点进行分析。 The right name is important i
41、n the business world. All you have to do is think of the names for some of the products you buy every day and youll agree that the name and the product are connected in the everyones mind. In many countries, successful trade or brand names are protected by law. This is so that other companies cannot
42、 make a product and, in fact, be buying something different. Businesses register a company or a product name with the government. In fact, more than 1,000 product and company names are registered every hour. Many companies spend a lot of money to find the right name for their products. A good exampl
43、e of this is. In the car industry. Some successful names for cars have powerful associations （联系） .The Ford Mustang and the Jaguar are only two examples of choosing the names of animals that are fast and strong. When a U. S company decides to sell its product in another country, it has to make sure
44、that the product name translates properly. When Coca-Cola introduced its soft drink to China, it looked for the right name. It wanted a name that would do two things. One was to present its image（形象） in Chinese and the second was to be close to its first brand nameCoke. It took some efforts before f
45、inding the right word which sounds similar and translates as “ha ppiness in the mouth”. Asian company names are not new to the United States. The brand names of Samsung and Sony have been successful. Finding the right brand name is a big business. Asian companies that sell to foreign markets pay to
46、find a name that will connect with its customers. There are even naming companies that specialize in inventing product names. These companies can charge （要价） up to $100,000 a word for their creations. But its worth it. Successful companies know how important the right brand names are for their devel
47、opment. 【小题 1】 Why are trade names protected by law in many countries A To make companies pay for naming service. B To help people choose the best products C To present good images of the products. D To prevent good images from being copied 【小题 2】 What can we learn from the passage A Many companies
48、care about the cost of finding the right names B Creative trade names can help companies to have a larger sale C The government often does business with naming companies D It is considered necessary for cars to be names after animals 【小题 3】 Whats the best title for the passage A The Business of Names B The Development of Names C The Rules of Naming Business D The Methods of Choosing Names 答案： 【小题 1】 D 【小题 2】 B 【小题 3】 A 试题分析：一个商品的名称是 非常重要的。在很多国家，一些知名品牌的商品或公司的名称都是受国家法律保护的。每天都有成千上万的商品的名称被注册。很多商家都耗资很大来为自己的公司和商品命名。出口到国外的商品名称的翻译也非常重要。现在出现了一个新的公司就是命名公司，他们为一个商品或公司命名需要很大的费用每个字要几十万。
