1、Designation: C1701/C1701M 17aStandard Test Method forInfiltration Rate of In Place Pervious Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1701/C1701M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the fieldwater infiltration rate of in place pervious concrete.NOTE 1For per
3、meable unit pavement systems, Test Method C1781/C1781M should be used. Test Method C1781/C1781M is functionallyidentical to this test method but includes added provisions for positioningand securing the test ring to a discontinuous surface. Both tests methodsgive comparable results1.2 The values sta
4、ted in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 T
5、his standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 The text of this
6、 standard references notes that provideexplanatory material. These notes shall not be considered asrequirements of the standard.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for th
7、eDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC920 Specification for Elastomeric Joint Sea
8、lantsC1781/C1781M Test Method for Surface Infiltration Rate ofPermeable Unit Pavement Systems2.2 Other StandardsFederal Specification A-A-3110 (TT-P-1536A) PlumbingFixture Setting Compound33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 The terms used in this test method are defined inTerminology C125.4. Summar
9、y of Test Method4.1 An infiltration ring is temporarily sealed to the surfaceof a pervious pavement. After prewetting the test location, agiven mass of water is introduced into the ring and the time forthe water to infiltrate the pavement is recorded. The infiltrationrate is calculated in accordance
10、 with 9.1.5. Significance and Use5.1 Tests performed at the same location across a span ofyears may be used to detect a reduction of infiltration rate ofthe pervious concrete, thereby identifying the need for reme-diation.5.2 The infiltration rate obtained by this method is validonly for the localiz
11、ed area of the pavement where the test isconducted. To determine the infiltration rate of the entirepervious pavement multiple locations must be tested and theresults averaged.5.3 The field infiltration rate is typically established by thedesign engineer of record and is a function of the designprec
12、ipitation event.5.4 This test method does not measure the influence onin-place infiltration rate due to sealing of voids near the bottomof the pervious concrete slab. Visual inspection of concretecores is the best approach for determining sealing of voids nearthe bottom of the pervious concrete slab
13、.6. Apparatus6.1 Infiltration RingA cylindrical ring, open at both ends(See Fig. 1). The ring shall be watertight, sufficiently rigid to1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.49 on Pervi
14、ous Concrete.Current edition approved March 15, 2017. Published May 2017. Originallyapproved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as C1701/C1701M 17.DOI: 10.1520/C1701_C1701M-17A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at servi
15、ceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3http:/*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
16、 United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Bar
17、riers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1retain its form when filled with water, and shall have a diameterof 300 6 10 mm 12.0 6 0.5 in. with a minimum height of 50mm 2.0 in. The bottom edge of the ring shall be even. Theinner surface of the ring shall be marked or scored with twolines at a distance of 10 and
18、 15 mm 0.40 and 0.60 in. from thebottom of the ring. Measure and record the inner diameter ofthe ring to the nearest 1 mm 0.05 in.NOTE 2Ring materials that have been found to be suitable includesteel, aluminum, rigid plastic, and PVC.6.2 BalanceAbalance or scale accurate to 0.05 kg 0.1 lb.6.3 Contai
19、nerA cylindrical container typically made ofplastic having a volume of at least 20 L 5 gal, and from whichwater may be easily poured at a controlled rate into theinfiltration ring.6.4 Stop WatchAccurate to 0.1 s.6.5 Plumbers Putty (Non-Hardening)Meeting Specifica-tion C920 or Federal Specification A
20、-A-3110.6.6 WaterPotable water.7. Test Locations7.1 Perform tests at multiple locations at a site as requestedby the purchaser of testing services. Unless otherwisespecified, use the following to determine the number of tests toperform:7.1.1 Three test locations for areas up to 2,500 m225,000ft2.7.1
21、.2 Add one test location for each additional 1,000m210,000 ft2 or fraction thereof.7.2 Provide at least 1 m 3 ft clear distance between testlocations, unless at least 24 h have elapsed between tests.7.3 Do not test if there is standing water on top of thepervious concrete. Do not test within 24 h of
22、 the last precipi-tation.8. Procedure8.1 Infiltration Ring InstallationClean the pavement sur-face by only brooming off trash, debris, and other non-seatedmaterial. Apply plumbers putty around the bottom edge of thering and place the ring onto the pervious concrete surface beingtested. Press the put
23、ty into the surface and around the bottomedge of the ring to create a watertight seal. Place additionalputty as neededNOTE 3In a hot environment where the surface temperature is over 38C 100 F plumbers putty may not adhere to the concrete surface easily.Therefore it is advisable to perform this test
24、 during cooler temperature.8.2 PrewettingPour water into the ring at a rate sufficientto maintain a head between the two marked lines. Use a totalof 3.60 6 0.05 kg 8.0 6 0.1 lb of water. Begin timing as soonas the water impacts the pervious concrete surface. Stop timingwhen free water is no longer p
25、resent on the pervious surface.Record the amount of elapsed time to the nearest 0.1 s.8.3 TestThe test shall be started within 2 min after thecompletion of the prewetting. If the elapsed time in theprewetting stage is less than 30 s, then use a total of 18.00 60.25 kg 40.0 6 0.5 lb of water. If the
26、elapsed time in theprewetting stage is greater than or equal to 30 s, then use a totalof 3.60 6 0.05 kg 8.0 6 0.1 lb of water. Record the weightof water to the nearest 0.05 kg 0.1 lb. Pour the water onto thering at a rate sufficient to maintain a head between the twomarked lines and until the measur
27、ed amount of water has beenused. Begin timing as soon as the water impacts the permeablepavement surface. Stop timing when free water is no longerpresent on the surface. Record the testing duration (t)tothenearest 0.1 s.NOTE 4If a sloped pavement is being measured, maintain headbetween the two marke
28、d lines at the lowest point of the slope.8.4 If a test is repeated at the same location, the repeat testdoes not require pre-wetting if conducted within 5 min aftercompletion of the first test. If two tests are conducted at alocation on a given day, the infiltration rate at that location onthat day
29、shall be calculated as the average of the two tests. Nomore than two tests shall be conducted at the same location onthe same day.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the infiltration rate (I) using consistent units asfollows:I 5KMD2*t!where:I 5 Infiltration rate, mm/h in./h#,M 5 Mass of infiltrated water, k
30、g lb#,D 5 Inside diameter of infiltration ring, mm in.#,t 5 time required for measured amount of water to infiltrate the concrete, s, andK 5 4 583 666 000 in SI units or 126 870 in inch-pound# units.NOTE 5The factor K has units of (mm3s)/(kgh) (in.3s)/(lbh) and isneeded to convert the recorded data
31、(W, D, and t) to the infiltration rate Iin mm/h in./h.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Identification number,FIG. 1 Dimensions of Infiltration RingC1701/C1701M 17a210.1.2 Location,10.1.3 Date of test,10.1.4 Age and thickness of concrete (label Unknown if notknown),10.1.5 Time e
32、lapsed during prewetting, s,10.1.6 Amount of rain during last event, if known, mm in.,10.1.7 Weight of infiltrated water, kg lb,10.1.8 Inside diameter of infiltration ring, mm in.,10.1.9 Time elapsed during infiltration test, s,10.1.10 Infiltration rate, mm/h in./h, and10.1.11 Number of tests perfor
33、med at each location, ifapplicable.11. Precision and Bias11.1 Repeatability testing was performed by a single labo-ratory by making 2 replicate measurements at three locationson a newly placed pervious concrete pavement. The replicatemeasurements were repeated daily from day 1 to day 10. Thesingle-o
34、perator coefficient of variation of the infiltration rate atone test location was found to be 4.7 %.11.2 The multi-operator variability data has not been devel-oped. The reproducibility of this test method is being deter-mined and will be available on or before October 1, 2014.11.3 This test method
35、has no bias because the infiltrationrate of in-place pervious concrete is defined only in terms ofthis test method.12. Keywords12.1 concrete; infiltration; pervious; waterSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(C1701/C1701
36、M17) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved March 15, 2017.)(1) Note 1 was added to 1.1 to give guidance on testingpermeable unit pavement systems.(2) Revised 6.2 and 8.3 to require the accuracy of the balanceand the weight measurements to be to the nearest 0.05 kg0.1lb.ASTM Internation
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