1、Designation: F1575 17Standard Test Method forDetermining Bending Yield Moment of Nails1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1575; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number i
2、n parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining thebending yield moment of nails when subjected to staticloading. It is intended only for n
3、ails used in engineeredconnection applications, in which a required connection capac-ity is specified by the designer.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all
4、of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with
5、 internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:
6、2E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesF1667 Specification for Driven Fasteners: Nails, Spikes, andStaples3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 bending yield momentthe moment determined fromthe load-deformation curve that is intermediate between thep
7、roportional limit load and maximum load for the nail. It iscalculated by the intersection of the load-deformation curvewith a line represented by the initial tangent modulus offset5 % of the fastener diameter.3.1.2 deformed shanka nail shank that has been mechani-cally deformed with annular rings, b
8、arbs, helical flutes, etc. forthe purpose of improved withdrawal capacity.3.1.2.1 fully deformed shanka nail shank that has defor-mation along the entire length.3.1.2.2 partially deformed shanka nail shank that that hasboth smooth and deformed sections along the length.3.1.3 proportional limit loadi
9、s the load at which theload-deformation curve deviates from a straight line fitted tothe initial portion of the load-deformation curve. (See Fig. 1)3.1.4 transition zonethe location of the transition fromsmooth shank to deformed shank on a partially deformed-shank nail.3.1.5 yield theorythe model fo
10、r lateral load design valuesfor dowel-type fasteners that specifically accounts for thedifferent ways these connections behave under load. Thecapacity of the connection under each yield mode is deter-mined by the bearing strength of the material under the fastenerand the bending strength of the fast
11、ener, with the lowestcapacity calculated for the various yield modes being taken asthe design load for the connection.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Test specimens are evaluated to determine capacity toresist lateral bending loads applied at a constant rate ofdeformation with a suitable testing machin
12、e. The load on thetest specimen at various intervals of deformation is measured.Supplementary physical properties of the test specimen are alsodetermined.5. Significance and Use5.1 Nails are a common mechanical fastener in woodstructures. Engineering design procedures used to determinethe capacities
13、 of laterally-loaded nailed connections currentlyuse a yield theory to establish the nominal resistance forlaterally-loaded nailed connections that are engineered. Inorder to develop the nominal resistance for laterally-loadednailed connections, the bending yield moment must be known.1This test meth
14、od is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 onFasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.05 on Driven andOther Fasteners.Current edition approved March 15, 2017. Published April 2017. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F1575 03(2013).DOI:
15、 10.1520/F1575-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at th
16、e end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for t
17、heDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.16. Apparatus6.1 Testing MachineAny suitable testing machine capableof operation at a constant rate of motion of its movable headand having an accur
18、acy of 61 % when calibrated in accor-dance with Practices E4.6.2 Cylindrical Bearing PointsAny cylindrical metalmember capable of supporting the test specimen during loadingwithout deforming, as shown in Fig. 3, and having diameter(d) = 0.375 in.6.2.1 Cylindrical bearing points shall be free to rota
19、te as thetest specimen deforms.6.3 Cylindrical Load PointAny cylindrical metal membercapable of loading the test specimen without deforming, asshown in Figs. 2-4, and having diameter (d) = 0.375 in.6.4 Recording DeviceAny device with at least a reading of0.001 in. and any suitable device for measuri
20、ng the load on thetest specimen during deformation.FIG. 1 Example of Typical Load-Deformation Diagram from Nail Bending TestFIG. 2 Load and Bearing Point Locations for Smooth Shank and Fully Deformed Shank NailsF1575 1727. Sampling7.1 Test specimens shall be randomly selected to representthe parent
21、population of nails or wire from the manufacturingprocess. A minimum of 15 specimens shall be tested for eachsize or nail type.8. Specimens and Tests8.1 Tests for smooth shank nails shall be performed oneither the finished nail or a specimen of drawn wire stock fromwhich the nail would be manufactur
22、ed. Tests for deformed-shank nails shall be performed on the finished nail.8.2 Diameter MeasurementDiameter measurement ofeach test specimen shall take place as follows:8.2.1 Smooth Shank NailsAt the midpoint of the shanklength.8.2.2 Partially Deformed Shank NailsOn the smooth por-tion of the shank
23、at the midpoint between nail head andtransition zone.8.2.3 Fully Deformed Shank NailThe diameter of a fullydeformed shank nail cannot be accurately measured. Anymeasurement across the deformed area of the shank will resultin a diameter that differs from the wire stock used to manu-facture the nail.
24、When this occurs the manufacturer shallprovide representative wire samples from which the nails aremanufactured for measurement. This shall be noted in the testreport.8.2.4 All diameter dimensions shall be taken prior to theapplication of or after the removal of any coatings or finish andshall not b
25、e measured across any gripper marks.8.2.5 Diameters shall be measured to within the nearest0.001 in.8.3 Length MeasurementThe nail shall be long enough toprevent the nail head or point from bearing on the cylindricalnail supports during application of load to the nail through thetime when maximum lo
26、ad is reached.FIG. 3 Load and Bearing Point Locations for Partially Deformed Shank NailsFIG. 4 Load and Bearing Point Location for Partially Deformed Shank Nails with Insufficient Smooth Shank LengthF1575 1739. Procedure9.1 Test Setup:9.1.1 Cylindrical bearing point spacing, sbp, shall be asindicate
27、d in Table 1.9.1.1.1 If nails are too short to meet this requirement and thenails receive no processing after forming that can affectfastener bending yield strength, such as heat treating or shankdeformation, the test shall be performed on wire from whichthe nail is made.9.1.1.2 If nails are too sho
28、rt to meet this requirement andreceive processing after forming that can affect fastener bend-ing yield strength, such as heat treating or shank deformation,the nails shall be tested with the largest possible span and thespan and circumstances reported in the report.NOTE 1Experience indicates that t
29、est results are sensitive to largechanges in bearing point spacing, sbp.9.1.2 The load for smooth shank and fully deformed shanknails shall be applied to the test specimen so that the center ofthe cylindrical load point is equidistant from the center of eachcylindrical bearing point (sbp/2) as shown
30、 in Fig. 2.9.1.3 Partially deformed-shank nails shall be placed on thecylindrical bearing points for testing so that the transition zonebetween shank and thread is as close to the midpoint betweenthe bearing points as possible as shown in Fig. 3.9.1.3.1 Exception: Only when the length of the smooths
31、hank portion is insufficient for proper distance placement (sbp)of a cylindrical bearing points or when a cylindrical bearingpoint will come in contact with the nail head, then both bearingpoints shall be located in the deformed section of the shankwith the center of the load being placed midpoint o
32、f the threadlength TLas shown in Fig. 4. This shall be noted in the testreport.9.2 Loading:9.2.1 The maximum constant rate of loading, rL, shall be asfollows:rL5 0.25 in./min9.2.2 The procedures described herein are for static loading.Procedures to evaluate nails for impact or cyclic loads are nota
33、part of this test method.9.3 Load and Deformation MeasurementMeasure the ap-plied load on and deformation of the test specimen from theinitiation of load application and take readings of each atsufficiently frequent intervals to permit establishment of asatisfactory load-deformation curve except as
34、permitted in9.3.1. Continue the loading until the maximum load is reachedand the load capacity begins to decrease.9.3.1 As an alternative to establishment of a load-deformation curve, initial tests shall be performed to establisha relationship between maximum load and the 5 % offset valuein accordan
35、ce with 10.1. The maximum load only shall then berecorded for subsequent tests.10. Interpretation of Results10.1 The bending yield moment is determined by fitting astraight line to the initial linear portion of the load-deformationcurve, offsetting this line by a deformation equal to 5 % of thenail
36、diameter, and selecting the load at which the offset lineintersects the load-deformation curve (see Fig. 1). In thosecases where the offset line does not intersect the load-deformation curve, the maximum load shall be used as theyield load. The bending yield moment shall be the average ofthe specime
37、ns tested.11. Report11.1 The following shall be included in the report:11.1.1 Tabulated and plotted data on load-deformation dia-grams (see Fig. 1) or maximum load and the maximum/5 %offset load relationship in accordance with 9.3.1,11.1.2 Physical description of the test specimen includingdiameter
38、and deformation characteristics for deformed-shanknails,11.1.3 Location of transition zone for partially deformed-shank nails between bearing points,11.1.4 Rate of loading, and11.1.5 Number of replicate tests.11.1.6 Individual and average of test data points and calcu-lations (dimensions, Fyb,My, et
39、c.)12. Precision and Bias12.1 The precision and bias of this test method has not yetbeen determined.13. Keywords13.1 bending yield moment; fastener; nail; yield; yieldtheoryTABLE 1 Length Between Nail Bearing PointsNail Nominal Diameter (in.),tolerance per SpecificationF1667Length BetweenBearing Poi
40、nts (in.)sbp0.099 1.10.113 1.30.120 1.40.131 1.50.148 1.70.162 1.90.190 2.2Larger than 0.190 11.5 times the nail diameter,rounded to the nearesttenth of an inchLength between bearing points for nails with diameters other than shownin Table 1 are the lengths for the next smaller listed diameter.F1575
41、 174ANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. DERIVATION OF BENDING YIELD STRENGTH DESIGN VALUES, FybA1.1 The nominal bending yield strength shall be deter-mined by the following:Fyb5MySwhereFyb= nominal fastener yield strength, psi,S = effective plastic section modulus (in.3) for full plastichinge (for circu
42、lar, prismatic nails, S=D3/6, where D= nail diameter), andMy= calculated moment based on test load, in.-lbMy5 Psbp/4whereP = test load as determined from load-deformation curve,as shown in Fig. 2 or as specified in 9.3.1, lb, andsbp= cylindrical bearing point spacing as shown in 9.1.1, in.APPENDIX(N
43、onmandatory Information)X1. COMMENTARYX1.1 This is a test method to evaluate bending yieldmoment of nails for design and is not intended to be a nailmanufacturing test procedure for quality control. This testmethod provides a means for determining bending yieldstrength, FybD, so that the supplier/ma
44、nufacturer is aware ofthe full requirements for the product being provided.X1.2 In accordance with 6.2 and 6.3, preliminary studiesindicate that loading head and support diameters do not showa significant radius effect on material properties. The diametershown in this test method is based on one of
45、the larger nailsproduced, with a38-in. diameter.X1.3 Centers of the cylindrical bearing points shall remainin the specified position (spacing) during testing. This can beaccomplished by using a jig described in The Testing ofImproved Nails3X1.4 In accordance with 9.2.1, the 0.25-in./min load ratesho
46、wn in this test method is roughly based on one nail diameterper minute. Several European studies indicate that smallchanges in rate of loading do not show a significant effect onmaterial properties.X1.5 In accordance with 9.3.1, the option for establishing arelationship between ultimate load and the
47、 5 % offset valueallows simplification of testing. Once the relationship isestablished with preliminary tests, ultimate load alone can bemeasured and recorded for each test. Periodic verification bythe manufacturer will ensure accurate establishment of 5 %offset design values.3Stern, G (1966). The T
48、esting of Improved Nails. Materials Research andStandards, 6(12), 602-607F1575 175SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee F16 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(F1575 03(2013) that may impact the use of this standard.(1) Addition of Section:1.4.(2) Referenced D
49、ocuments: Removed E1470.(3) Changes to Sections:a. 3.1.1b. 3.1.3 3.1.5c. 6.1d. 6.2 6.4e. 7.1f. 8.2 8.3g. 9.1.1.1 9.1.1.2h. 9.1.2 9.1.3i. 9.3j. 9.3.1k. 11.1l. 11.1.1 11.1.3m. 11.1.6(4) Replaced Fig. 1.(5) New Figures Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.(6) Replaced and Renumbered Fig. 2.(7) Added Sections:a. 3.1.2.1b. 3.1.2.2c. 8.2.1d. 8.2.2e. 8.2.3f. 8.2.4g. 8.2.5h. 9.1.3.1(8) Clarification of equations in Annex A1.(9) Removed commentary X1.3 and renumbered subsequentsections.(10) Updated reference in X1.3.ASTM International takes no position respecting the val
