1、BSI Standards Publication BS ISO 817:2014 Refrigerants Designation and safety classificationBS ISO 817:2014 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 817:2014. It supersedes BS ISO 817:2005 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was
2、 entrusted to Technical Committee RHE/18, Refrigeration safety. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct applicatio
3、n. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014 ISBN 978 0 580 71018 6 ICS 71.100.45 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Commi
4、ttee on 30 June 2014. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affectedBS ISO 817:2014 ISO 2014 Refrigerants Designation and safety classification Fluides frigorignes Dsignation et classification de scurit INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 817 Third edition 2014-05-15 Reference number ISO 8
5、17:2014(E)BS ISO 817:2014ISO 817:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocop
6、ying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
7、 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in SwitzerlandBS ISO 817:2014ISO 817:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms, definitions, abbr e viat ed t erms and s ymbols . 1 3.1 Terms and definitions . 1 3
8、.2 Abbreviated terms . 6 3.3 Symbols . 7 4 Numbering of r efriger ants . 7 5 Designation pr efix es 11 5.1 General prefixes 11 5.2 Composition-designating prefixes 11 6 S afety classifications .12 6.1 General 12 6.2 Matrix diagram of safety group classification system 14 7 R efriger ant classificati
9、ons .14 8 Refrigerant concentration limit (RCL) 14 8.1 General 14 8.2 Data for calculations 17 8.3 Contaminants and impurities18 8.4 Conversion of units Volumic mass and altitude adjustment .18 Anne x A (informative) Ex amples of isomer designation 25 Anne x B (normative) Details of t esting for fla
10、mmability and fr actionation anal y sis .27 Anne x C (informative) Method of t est for burning v elocity measur ement of flammable g ases .31 Anne x D (normative) Calculation of R CL and A TEL for blends .54 Anne x E (informative) Data used t o det ermine safety classification and R CL v alues and d
11、ata for unclassified r efriger ants .57 Anne x F (normative) Application instructions .65 Bibliogr aph y .72BS ISO 817:2014ISO 817:2014(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of prepari
12、ng International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in lia
13、ison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Di
14、rectives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives Attention is drawn to the possibility that some
15、of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarati
16、ons received. www.iso.org/patents Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs
17、 adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 86, Refrigeration and air-conditioning, Subcommittee SC 8, Refrigerants and refrigeration lubricants. This third
18、 edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 817:2005), which has been technically revised.iv ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 817:2014ISO 817:2014(E) Introduction This third edition has been technically revised by the addition of new refrigerant designations and a safety classification s
19、ystem based on toxicity and flammability data. The safety classifications in this International Standard do not consider decomposition products or by- products of combustion. Product and system safety standards (e.g. ISO 5149, IEC 60335-2-24, IEC 60335- 2-34, IEC 60335-2-40 and IEC 60335-2-89) addre
20、ss the prevention of ignition of refrigerant based on the characteristics provided in this International Standard. ISO 2014 All rights reserved vBS ISO 817:2014BS ISO 817:2014R efriger ants Designation and safety classification 1 Scope This International Standard provides an unambiguous system for a
21、ssigning designations to refrigerants. It also establishes a system for assigning a safety classification to refrigerants based on toxicity and flammability data, and provides a means of determining the refrigerant concentration limit. Tables listing the refrigerant designations, safety classificati
22、ons and the refrigerant concentration limits are included based on data made available. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable to its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
23、 undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34, Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants ASTM E681, Standard Test Method for Concentration Limits of Flammability of Chemicals (Vapours and Gases) 3 T erms, d
24、efinitions , abbr e viat ed t erms and s ymbols 3.1 T erms and definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1.1 a c ut e t o x i c it y adverse health effect(s) from a single, short-term exposure 3.1.2 a c u t e - t o x i c i t y e x p o s u r e l i m
25、i t ATEL maximum recommended refrigerant concentration determined in accordance with the established systems and intended to reduce the risks of acute toxicity hazards to humans in the event of a refrigerant release Note 1 to entry: The systems are specified in this International Standard. 3.1.3 ana
26、esthetic effect impairment of the ability to perceive pain and other sensory stimulation 3.1.4 appr o x i m at e le t h a l c onc e nt r at ion ALC concentration of a refrigerant that is lethal to even a single test animal but to less than 50 % of the animals in that group when tested by the same co
27、nditions as for an LC 50test 3.1.5 azeotrope blend composed of two or more refrigerants whose equilibrium vapour and liquid phase compositions are the same at a specific pressure, but may be different at other conditions INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 817:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 81
28、7:2014ISO 817:2014(E) 3.1.6 blend mixture composed of two or more refrigerants 3.1.7 bu r n i n g ve lo c i t y S u velocity, relative to the unburnt gas, at which a laminar flame propagates in a direction normal to the flame front, at the concentration of refrigerant with air giving the maximum vel
29、ocity Note 1 to entry: This value is expressed in centimetres per second. 3.1.8 central nervous system effect CNS treatment-related depression, distraction, stimulation, or other behavioural modification to a degree that could represent an impairment of the ability to escape from a hazard 3.1.9 chro
30、 ni c to x i ci t y adverse health effect(s) from long-term repeated exposures 3.1.10 c ombu s t ion exothermal reaction between an oxidant component (combustive) and a reducer (combustible fuel) 3.1.11 compound substance composed of two or more atoms chemically bonded in definite proportions 3.1.12
31、 critical point point with conditions above which distinct liquid and gas phases do not exist 3.1.13 cyclic compound organic compound whose structure is characterized by a closed ring of atoms 3.1.14 effective concentration 50 % EC 50 concentration of a refrigerant, which causes a biological effect
32、to 50 % of exposed animals in a test for anaesthetic or other effects Note 1 to entry: This value is typically a calculated value from experimental data. 3.1.15 e l e v a t e d t e m p e r a t u r e f l a m e l i m i t ETFL minimum concentration by volumic ratio (volume per cent) of the refrigerant,
33、 which is capable of propagating a flame through a homogeneous mixture of the refrigerant and air under the specified test conditions at 60,0C and 101,3 kPa Note 1 to entry: The test conditions are specified in 6.1.3. 3.1.16 equivalence ratio fraction of the combustible in the mixture divided by the
34、 combustible fraction at the stoichiometric conditions Note 1 to entry: It can be written as (combustible fraction)/(combustible fraction) st .2 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 817:2014ISO 817:2014(E) Note 2 to entry: It is used in the determination of burning velocity. Note 3 to entry: Lean mixt
35、ures have an equivalence ratio lower than one and rich mixtures have an equivalence ratio greater than one. 3.1.17 f l a me collection of gases of a rapid combustion, generally visible due to the emission of light 3.1.18 f l a me pr op a g at ion combustion, causing a continuous flame which moves up
36、ward and outward from the point of ignition without help from the ignition source Note 1 to entry: Flame propagation as applied in the test method for determining LFL and flammability classification is specified in B.1.7. Flame propagation as applied in the test method for determining burning veloci
37、ty is described in Annex C. 3.1.19 f l a m m able property of a mixture in which a flame is capable of self-propagating for a certain distance 3.1.20 fractionation change in composition of a blend by preferential evaporation of the more volatile component(s) or condensation of the less volatile comp
38、onent(s) 3.1.21 h e a t o f c o m b u s t i o n HOC heat evolved from a specified reaction of a substance with oxygen Note 1 to entry: The heat of combustion is as determined in accordance with 6.1.3.7. Note 2 to entry: The heat of combustion for this International Standard is expressed as a positiv
39、e value for exothermic reactions in energy per unit mass (kJ/kg). 3.1.22 isomers two or more compounds having the same chemical composition with differing molecular configurations 3.1.23 lethal concentration 50 % LC 50 concentration that is lethal to 50 % of the test animals 3.1.24 l o w e r f l a m
40、 m a b i l i t y l i m i t LFL minimum concentration of the refrigerant that is capable of propagating a flame through a homogeneous mixture of the refrigerant and air under the specified test conditions at 23,0 C and 101,3 kPa Note 1 to entry: The test conditions are specified in 6.1.3. Note 2 to e
41、ntry: The LFL is expressed as refrigerant percentage by volume. 3.1.25 l o w e s t o b s e r v e d a d v e r s e e f f e c t l e v e l LOAEL lowest concentration of a refrigerant that causes any observed adverse effect in one or more test animals ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 817:2014ISO 817:
42、2014(E) 3.1.26 n o o b s e r v e d a d v e r s e e f f e c t l e v e l NOAEL highest concentration of a refrigerant at which no adverse effect is observed in any of the exposed animal population 3.1.27 nominal composition nominal formulation design composition as stated in the refrigerant blend appl
43、ication, excluding any tolerances Note 1 to entry: Composition of the refrigerant blends shall be as listed in Tables 6 and 7, column 2. Note 2 to entry: When a container with the nominal composition is 80 % or more liquid filled, the liquid composition may be considered the nominal composition. 3.1
44、.28 o c c u p a t i o n a l e x p o s u r e l i m i t time-weighted average concentration for a normal eight-hour work day and a 40-hour work week to which nearly all workers can be repeatedly exposed without adverse effect Note 1 to entry: It is based on national regulations, such as OSHA PEL, ACGI
45、H TLV-TWA, TERA WEEL, or MAK. 3.1.29 ole f i n unsaturated chemical compound containing at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond 3.1.30 organic compound, saturated carbon-containing compound that has only single bonds between carbon atoms 3.1.31 organic compound, unsaturated carbon-containing compo
46、und containing at least one double or triple bond between carbon atoms 3.1.32 o x y g e n d e p r i v a t i o n l i m i t ODL concentration of a refrigerant or other gas that can result in insufficient oxygen for normal breathing 3.1.33 p r o p a g a t i o n v e l o c i t y o f f l a m e velocity at
47、 which a flame propagates in a space 3.1.34 quenching effect of extinction of a flame as it approaches a surface due to heat conduction losses, absorption of active chemical species and viscous effects on the surface 3.1.35 refrigerant fluid used for heat transfer in a refrigerating system, which ab
48、sorbs heat at a low temperature and a low pressure of the fluid and rejects it at a higher temperature and a higher pressure of the fluid usually involving changes of the phase of the fluid 3.1.36 refrigerant concentration limit RCL maximum refrigerant concentration, in air, determined and establish
49、ed to reduce the risks of acute toxicity, asphyxiation and flammability hazards Note 1 to entry: It is determined in accordance with this International Standard.4 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 817:2014ISO 817:2014(E) 3.1.37 relative molar mass mass numerically equal to the molecular mass expressed in grams per mole, except that it is dimensionless 3.1.38 s t oic h iome t r ic c onc e nt r at ion f or c ombu s t ion C st concentration of a fuel in a fuelair mixture that contains exactly the necessary quantity of air (21 % O 2 /79 % N
